RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Matthew
Matthew of Westminster
pp. 1-24, London, 1896; F. P. Badham, St. Mark's Indebtedness to St. Matthew, ib. 1897; E. Roehrich, La Composition des evangiles, Paris, 1897; P Wernle, Die synoptische Frage, Tubingen, 1899; A. Harnack, Spriiche und Rede Jesu. Die zweite Quelle des Matthaus und Lukas, Leipsic, 1907; DB, iii. 296-305. On the original language consult: D. Gla, Originalsprache des Matthaus, Paderborn, 1887; G. Dalman, Die Worte Jesu, vol. i., Leipsic, 1898. On the relation to the Gospel of the Hebrews consult: S. Baring-Gould, Lost and Hostile Gospels, London, 1874; E. B. Nicholson, The Gospel according to the Hebrews, ib. 1879; A. Hilgenfeld, 2V. T. extra canonem receptum, part iv., Leipsic, 1884; R. Handmann, in TV , v. 3, 1889; J. A. Robinson, in Expositor, 5 ser., v (1897), 194-200; E. Hennecke, Neutestamentliche Apokryphen, pp. 11-21, Tubingen, 1904.
Commentaries, outside of patristic and medieval sources, are: P. A. Gratz, 2 vols., Tubingen, 1821; T. J. Conant, New York, 1860; H. Lutteroth, 4 vols., Paris, 1860-76;
A. ReVille, ib. 1862; W. A. Nast, Cincinnati, 1864; J. P. Lange, New York, 1865; H. T. Adamson, London, 1871; J. A. Alexander, New York, 1873; J. J. Owen, ib. 1873;
B. Weiss, Halle, 1876; J. C. F. Keil, Leipsic, 1877; J. L. Sommer, Erlangen, 1877; P. Schaff, New York, 1879; P. Schanz, Freiburg, 1879 (Roman Catholic); E. B. Nicholson, London, 1881; J. Kleutgen, Freiburg, 1882 (Roman Catholic); Juan de Valdes (Eng. transl., London, 1882); E. H. Plumptre, in Ellicott's Handy Commentary, New York, 1883; E. W. Rice, Philadelphia, 1886; J. A. Broadus, Philadelphia, 1887; A. Carr, in Cambridge Bible, Cambridge, 1879; idem, in Cambridge Greek Testament, ib. 1887; J. Maldonatus, Eng. transl., 2 vols., London, 1888- 1889 (Roman Catholic, from the 16th century); E. Kubel, Munich, 1889; J. M. Gibson, in Expositor's Bible, London, 1890; H. J. Holtzmann, 3d ed., Tubingen, 1901; J. Morison, London, 1895 (one of the best); C. F. Schaefer, in Lutheran Commentary, New York, 1895; C. F. Nosgen, Munich, 1897; J. M. S. Baljon, Utrecht, 1900; F. C. Ceulemans, Malines, 1901 (Roman Catholic); F.N.Peloubet, 2 vols., New York, 1901; T. Zahn, Leipsic, 1903; F. S. Gutjahr, Graz, 1904 (Roman Catholic); J. Wellhausen, Berlin, 1904; A. Maclaren, 3 vols., London, 1905-06; W. C. Allen, in International Critical Commentary, Edinburgh and New York, 1907; A. Plummer, London, 1909; E. Rice, Philadelphia, 1910.
MATTHEW PARIS: English chronicler; b. in or near St. Albans not much before 1200; d. there, probably in June, 1259. [The origin of the designation " Paris " is questionable. It has been attributed to a supposed (but doubtful) sojourn in the city of Paris during his studies: the claim is also made that it was his family name. The latter supposition is difficult (though not impossible), as the period is early for surnames.] He was educated in the abbey school, and became (Jan. 21, 1217) a monk in this famous monastery, which, founded in 1077, had become a great center of light and learning, and since the time of Abbot Simon (1167-83) had paid special attention to literary and particularly historical production by its monks. Matthew was placed in charge of the scriptorium or writingroom in 1236 and retained this office until his death. He frequently visited London, Canterbury, and Winchester, gaining some knowledge of the great world outside his cloister, and made one visit to Norway (1248) to reform the abbey of Niderholm near Trondhjem. He rightly regarded the writing of history, for which he had not only special facilities but special talent, as his life-work. His fame rests principally on his Chronica majora, written in the usual form of annals. Up to 1235 it is a recasting and enlargement of the Flores historiarum of Roger of Wendover, from that date to 1259 entirely independent. He wrote also a history of the abbey of St. Albans in the form of
biographies of the abbots; Liber additamentorum, a collection of documents to serve as a supplement to the Chronica; lives of the two Offas, kings of Mercia, of Stephen Langton and Edmund Rich, archbishops of Canterbury, and of St. Richard of Chichester. The Chronicle is distinguished by many virtues: an insatiable desire for accurate information, keen realization of the difference between essentials and non-essentials, a broad view of Christianity, outspoken boldness even when dealing with kings and popes, clearness and beauty of style. He is an admirable representative of the English public opinion of his day. Matthew was unusually privileged in having frequent opportunities of intercourse not only with courtiers but with kings, who valued him highly and took a deep interest in his work. But his opportunities would have counted for little if he had not possessed a mind that knew how to search further for any piece of information of value in any part of the civilized world, and to make prompt and systematic use of the knowledge thus gained. He ranks as the first great English historian. (H. Bohmer.)
Bibliography: The Historia Anglorum, ed. F. Madden, is no. 44 in Rolls Series, 3 vols., London, 1866-69; and the Chronica majora, ed. H. R. Luard, is no. 57 of the same, 7 vols., ib. 1872-84 (the prefaces to these works are of especial value); the Liber additamentorum is in Luard, ut sup., vol. vi.; excerpts from Matthew's works, ed. F. Liebermann, are in MGH, Script., xxviii (1888), 74-455; the Chronica in Eng. transl. is in Bohn's Antiquarian Library, 3 vols., London, 1852-54. Consult: T. D. Hardy, Descriptive Catalogue of Materials, no. 26 in Rolls Series, vol. iii., preface, London, 1871; A. Jessop, Studies by a Recluse, pp. 1-65, ib. 1893 (an appreciation); H. Plehn, Der politische Character Matthceus Parisiensis, Leipsic, 1897; Gross, Sources, pp. 299-300; DNB, xliii. 203-213, cf. xxxv. 292.
MATTHEW, THOMAS: Pseudonym for John Rogers (q.v.); see also Bible Versions, B, IV., § 4.
MATTHEW, TOBIE (TOBIAS): Anglican prelate and statesman; b. in Bristol 1546; d. at Cawood Castle (9 m. s. of York) March 29, 1628. He was graduated from Oxford (B.A., 1563-64; M.A., 1566; B.D., 1573; D.D., 1574); was chosen public orator of the university, 1569; appointed canon of Christ Church, 1570; archdeacon of Bath, and prebendary of Teynton Regis in the cathedral of Salisbury, 1572; the same year he was made president of St. John's College; dean of Christ Church, 1576; vice-chancellor of the university, 1579; dean of Durham, 1583; vicar of Bishop's Wearmouth, 1590; bishop of Durham, 1595; archbishop of York, 1606. Matthew was in his day a noted orator, a preacher of high repute, faithful even to punctiliousness in the performance of the duties of his bishopric, a diligent guardian of the royal and national interests in the northern counties, and a man of quiet humor and earnest piety. His only publication seems to have been a Concio apologetica adversus Campianum, which was circulated in manuscript form some time prior to his death and printed only after his death (London, 1638). Bibliography: DNB, xxxvii. 60-63, where references to
other literature are given.
MATTHEW OF WESTMINSTER: The name once given to the supposed author of Flores Histor-
Matthias Maurice