THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
and benevolence." He founded, in 1856, the Sisterhood of St. Margaret. Desperately unpopular for a time, the order was before his death in demand everywhere, as furnishing the best nurses in England.
As an author his productiveness has few parallels, and he was more appreciated for his writings abroad than at home. His most important writings are his History of the Holy Eastern Church with The Patriarchate of Alexandria and The Patriarchate of Antioch in the appendix (5 vols., London, 1850-73); and Commentary on the Psalms from Primitive and Mediaeval Writers (4 vols., 1S74; in association with R. F. Littledale). Mention may be made also of Hierologus, or the Church Tourists (1843); Ecclesiological Notes on the Isle of Man (1848); Readings for the Aged (4 series, 1850-58); History of the So-Called Jansenist Church of Holland (1858); Voices from the East (1859); and Sermons for Children (1867). Yet almost everything which he wrote provoked controversy. He had strong convictions, and the full courage of them: in his own view he was a witness of a system of absolute truth. On almost every page of his writings, whether prose or verse, learned or popular, his point of view and his resolute purpose are apparent: they are books of faith and of intention. To him " religion was the solidest of all realities," and religion and the Church were inseparably one. Nowhere is this more marked than in his wonderful stories for children and young people. Most of these have a historical foundation; many of them recite real or supposed facts, dealing with ancient or obscure trials and martyrdoms. His sympathies seem rather Roman than Protestant, and dubious legends are accepted with unquestioning belief; but the charm of style, the minute knowledge of distant times and places, the vivid realization, the subdued feeling, at once profoundly devout and intensely human, form a combination which few English popularizers of Christian history have approached. The Farm of Aptonga (1856); The Egyptian Wanderers (1854) ; The Followers of the Lord (1351); Lent Legends (1855); Tales of Christian Heroism and Endurance (in the Juvenile Englishman's Library, vi., 1846), and some others, are as much prized by adult as by juvenile readers.
As a poet, Neale eleven times gained the Seatonian prize. An edition of his Seatonian Poems (Cambridge, 1864) was dedicated, by permission, to his bishop, after their reconciliation. His Songs and Ballads for the People (London, 1843) and Songs and Ballads for Manufacturers (1850) are secular only in name. But his greatest services have been rendered, and his widest fame won, through his hymns. Here he worked in a field entirely congenial. His twenty Hymns for the Sick (1843), and eighty-six Hymns for Children (1843) include some gems and much useful matter. The Hymnal Noted (1851-54) is chiefly given to long metres, which seem somewhat dry and formal. Mediaeval Hymns and Sequences (1851; 2d ed., enlarged, 1863) afford more variety and many valuable notes. Among the most precious of these is Neale's first selection from the famous Rhythm of Bernard de Morlaix, completed in 1858, beginning with the line, " Jerusalem, the golden." After the Rhythm of Bernard his
noblest work is Hymns of the Eastern Church (1862). There he was on ground familiar to him, and to him alone, and the mine he opened yielded treasures indeed. Almost unknown to the English Church were original sacred lyrics of such beauty as " Art thou weary," " The Day is past and over," and " Safe home." Within twenty years, many of these Greek hymns have made their way almost everywhere.
Neale was a singular compound of medieval (he would have called it primitive) doctrine and devotion with modern culture and English manliness. He was the sworn foe of breadth or liberalism; but his large gifts and nature transcended his self-imposed (or, as he thought, God-imposed) limits, and made much of his work catholic in the sense which he repudiated. Those who most disliked his Romanizing tendencies have been forced to admire his vast industry, his rigid consistency, his patience under long adversity, injustice, and neglect, his superiority to all questions of self-interest, and his heroic and unflinching faith.
Bibliogbaphy: Letters of John Mason Neale, Selected and ed. by his Daughter, London and New York, 1910; Eleanor A. Towle, John Mason Neale, A Memoir, London, 1906; W. Jowett, Memoir of the Rev. Cornelius Neale (his father), ib. 1834; G. Huntington, Random Recollections, pp. 198- 223, ib. 1893; S. W. Duffield, English Hymns, pp. 271- 273 et passim, New York, 1886; S. M. Jackson, Sources of " Jerusalem the Golden," passim, Chicago, 1910; Julian, Hymnology, pp. 785-790; DNB, xl. 143-146.
NEANDER, JOACHIM: Principal poet of the Reformed Church; b. at Bremen 1650; d. there May 31, 1680. He was educated at the Latin school of Bremen and in 1666 entered the Gymnasium illustre. After a carelessly spent youth he was converted by a sermon of Theodor Undereick, pastor of St. Martini in Bremen, by whom he was led into the path of Reformed pietism. As the tutor of the sons of distinguished Frankfort merchants, and also to continue his studies, Neander went to Heidelberg. In 1674 the Reformed congregation of Diisseldorf called him as rector to their Latin school, but private religious meetings instituted by him in 1676 and some arbitrary rules in the administration of the school, brought him into conflict with the preacher and consistory. He was deposed in 1677, but before the notification reached him he signed a declaration in which among other things he condemned separation from the external church community as practised by Labadie and his people. He also renounced secret meetings and the " detention of members from the Lord's Supper." Neander was in consequence merely suspended. In 1679 he was called to Bremen as third preacher of the church of St. Martin, but died in the following year. The first edition of his songs appeared under the title, A & Q Joachimi Neandri Glaub- und Liebes-Uebung: Auffgemuntert durch einfaltige Bundes Lieder und Danck-Psalmen (Bremen, 1680), contained
fifty-seven songs, of which about twenty editions appeared before 1730. Although not suitable for church hymns because of their marked subjectivity, and though they contained reminiscences of Labadie and of Cocceius, the songs were taken into the hymnals. In the second part of the hymn-book for Cleve, Jiilich, Berg, and Mark of 1738, Neander's name stands beside that of Luther on the title page.