THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
into rent charges, though in the latter form they are yet a source of bitter offense. Registration of births, deaths, and marriages was transferred from Church to State and a charter given to the free University of London, imposing no religious tests. Along educational lines, the great universities were thrown open to young non-conformists in 1871, and a system of state schools established which rendered non-conformists independent of the established Church for primary education; and their latest agitation was the unsuccessful Education Bill in 1906, providing for optional religious education in all state schools. In 1880 non- conformists secured the enactment of the Burial Laws Amendment by virtue of which dissenting ministers may conduct funerals in churchyards and in the consecrated parts of cemeteries, but the customary fees must still be paid to the clergy of the established Church. Though divided by distinctions of sect, yet as a compact, aggressive body, they hold the balance of power, outnumber the adherents of the Church of England, and stand as the representatives of liberality in doctrine as well as in polity. The chief organization through which non-conformity is to work cooperatively for the promotion of dissenters' rights and religious liberty are the " General Body of Protestant Ministers of the Three Denominations " (Presbyterian, Independent, and Baptist) constituted in 1727 and still meeting annually; the " Liberation Society "; and the " Free Church Council." See Liberty, Religious.
Bibliography: The literature under Congregationalists; Puritans; and Liberty, Religious, is pertinent; A. S. Dyer, Sketches of English Nonconformity, London, 1881; T. Price, Hist, of Protestant Nonconformity in England, 2 vols., London, 1836-38; J. A. James, Protestant Nonconformity, ib., 1849; T. Coleman, The 2,000 Confessors of 1662, ib., 1860; idem. The English Confessors after the Reformation to the Days of the Commonwealth, ib., 1862; R. Vaughan, English Nonconformity, ib., 1862; T. Rees, Protestant Nonconformity in Wales, ib., 1883; J. Hammond, English Nonconformity, ib., 1893; G. S. Home, Nonconformity in the 19th Century, ib., 1905.
NON- JURORS: The name originally applied to those members of the Church of England who refused the oath of allegiance to William and Mary in 1689, on the ground that they were bound by their oaths to James II. Their number included the archbishop of Canterbury, and the bishops of Bath and Wells, Chichester, Ely, Gloucester, Norwich, Peterborough, and Worcester, and about 400 of the clergy. Five bishops were deprived of their sees in 1691, having died in the mean time. The name came to apply to the separate organization which was formed, congregations belonging to which continued to exist until the death of the last bishop, Boothe, in 1805, though the importance of the movement ceased with the death of Bishop Hickes in 1715. The separation introduced many changes from the usages of the established Church. A book of Devotions for Primitive Catholics was compiled upon the basis of the Book of Common Prayer, but differing quite widely from it.
Bibliography: T. Lathbury, Hist, of the Nonjurors, London, 1862; J. Cosin, The Names of the . Nonjurors , their Places of Abode; the Parishes where their Lands lay, . , ed. E. E. Estcourt and J. O. Payne, London,
1885; Miss A. Strickland, Lives of the Seven Bishops
Imprisoned in 1688, London, 1866; W. H. Hutton, The English Church (1625-1714), chap, xiii., London, 1903; J. H. Overton, The Nonjurors, Their Lives, Principles and Writings, ib., 1902; and the literature under Kin, Thomas; Law, William; Sancroit, William.
NON-RESIDENCE: The term applied to the absenteeism of a cleric from his sphere of duty, while he enjoys the emoluments though his duties are performed by a deputy or substitute. In an early period the cause of non-residence seems to have been the pursuit of ambitious schemes or of personal interests; afterward the usual cause was plurality of offices in the same person's possession. The matter was dealt with in synods and councils from Sardica (344) to Trent (1545-63). The older legislation sought to suppress the evil by limiting the term during which a bishop was allowed to be absent from his see. The Council of Trent adopted amore effective measure, forfeiture of revenues. In the Church of England, non-residence caused by plurality of offices was at times very frequent. The legislation in 1 and 2 Vict., cap. 106, treats the question in a way similar to that of the Council of Trent.
NONE: The service for the ninth hour in the Breviary (q.v.), recited normally at 3 p.m., though frequently earlier, even before the community mass in monastic houses during Lent. Its structure is the same as that of Terce and Sext (qq.v.).
NONNA: Wife of Gregory Nazianzen. See Gregory Nazianzen.
NONNOS, nu'nos, OF PANOPOLIS: A Greek poet of Upper Egypt who flourished c. 400. He is mentioned by Agathias (Hist., iv. 23; ed. B. G. Niebuhr in CSHB, p. 257, Bonn, 1828) as the author of the Dionysiaka and by Eudocia in the Viola- Hum (ed. J. Flach, p. 514, no. 725, Leipsic, 1880) as the author of an epic " Paraphrase of the Gospel of John. " Both of these works have been preserved. It has been suggested by Draseke that the two poems were not by the same author, but the similarity of style and the prosody seem to support the traditional view. The date of Nonnos is uncertain, but the style of his poems points to the beginning of the fifth century. A Nonnos is mentioned as the father of Sosena of Synesius (Epist., xliii., p. 181 of Paris ed., 1631) which would place him in the same period. He seems to have been converted to Christianity after writing the Dionysiaka which contains heathen ideas. The Paraphrase shows a decline in imaginative power and prosodic strictness. It has not come down entire, a lacuna of some fifty verses occurring in all known manuscripts. The surviving work consists of about 3,750 hexameters, divided in the printed editions into twenty-one chapters to correspond with the chapter divisions of the Gospel. The poet follows the course of the Gospel sentence by sentence, so that it is often easy to tell what words of the original he has preserved in his rendering. He supplements the simple account of the Evangelist with fancies of his own, not always in the best taste.
The first printed edition of Nonnos is an Aldine of the year 1501 . It may be found in the university library at Leipsic and at Vienna. The Aldine text was copied in numerous editions. The edition by