RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Pictures Pietism
cf. note 42) names Achillas, later bishop, as conductor of the school at that time, and if this is correct, the two might have been jointly at the head. At any rate his character, according to Eusebius, of ascetic, philosopher, exegete, and preacher, would present him as amply qualified. Sidetes also states, on the authority of a lawyer, Theodore, that Pierius and his brother Isidore were martyrs and had a very large church at Alexandria, which is also reported by Photius. Jerome (De vir. ill., lxxvi.; also his second Epist. ad Pammachium, Eng. transl. in ANF, vi. 157) states that, after the persecution of Deeius, Pierius lived at Rome. The work (Biblion) of Pierius to which Photius refers (Codex cxix.) consisted of twelve treatises or addresses, of which also Sidetes makes mention. One of these was an extemporaneous first Easter sermon, mentioned by Photius. The address upon the martyrdom of his pupil Pamphilus which contains exegetical elements is to be distinguished from the Biblion, and the representation of Jerome that he was the author of a commentary on I Corinthians is not substantiated. Pierius was a follower of Origen, was indeed called " the younger Origen," and his writings were studied with those of Origen.
(N. Bonwetsch.)
Bibliography: For Philippus Sidetes consult C. de Boor, in TV, v. 2 (1889), 169 sqq.; for Photius, use M. J. Routh, Reliquice sacrce, iii. 423 sqq., 5 vols., Oxford, 1846— 48, MPG, x. 241 sqq., and the Eng. transl. in ANF, v. 157. Consult further: ANF, Bibliography, pp. 70-71 (contains detailed list of notices) ; Palladius, Hist. Lausiaca, chaps, xii., cxliii., in MPG, xxxiv.; Harnack, Litteratur, i. 439- 441 (collects the passages), ii. 2, pp. 66-69, 71, 105, 123; idem, Dogma, ii. 95-96, 116, iv. 41; Bardenhewer, Geschichte, ii. 168 sqq. ; Kriiger, History, pp. 217-218; L. B. Radford, Three Teachers of Alexandria, Cambridge and New York, 1908.
PIERSON, ARTHUR TAPPAN: Presbyterian; b. at New York City Mar. 6, 1837. He was graduated at Hamilton College, Clinton, N. Y. (A.B.,
1857), and Union Theological Seminary (1860), being minister of the Congregational Church at Winsted, Conn., in the summers of 1859 and 1860. He was then pastor at Binghampton, N. Y. (1860- 1863), Waterford, N. Y. (1863-69), Detroit, Mich. (1869-82), Indianapolis, Ind. (1882-83), Bethany Church, Philadelphia (1883-89), Metropolitan Tabernacle, London (1891-93), and Christ Church, London (1902-03). In 1889-90 he made a missionary tour of the British Isles. Since 1888 he has been editor of the Missionary Review of the World, and was lecturer on missions in Rutgers College in 1891 and Duff lecturer in Scotland in 1892. He has written The Crisis of Missions (New York, 1886) ; Many Infallible Proofs: Chapters on the Evidences of Christianity (1886); Evangelistic Work in Principle and Practise (1887); Keys to the Word: or, Helps to Bible Study (1887); The Divine Enterprise of Missions (1891) ; Miracles of Missions (4 vols., 1891- 1901); The Divine Art of Preaching (1892); From the Pulpit to the Palm-Branch: Memorial of Charles H. Spurgeon (1892); The Heart of the Gospel (sermons; 1892); New Acts of the Apostles (1894); Life- Power: or, Character Culture, and Conduct (1895); Lessons in the School of Prayer (1895); Acts of the Holy Spirit (1895); The Coming of the Lord (1896); Shall we continue in Sin? (1897); In Christ Jesus: or, The Sphere of the Believer's Life (1898) ; Catharine of Siena, an ancient Lay Preacher (1898); George Muller of Bristol and his Witness to a Prayer-Hearing God (1899); Forward Movements of the last half Century (1900) ; Seed Thoughts for Public Speakers (1900); The Modern Mission Century viewed as a Cycle of Divine Working (1901); The Gordian Knot: or, The Problem which baffles Infidelity (1902); The Keswick Movement in Precept and Practice (1903); God's Living Oracles (1904) ; The Bible and Spiritual Criticism (1906) ; The Bible and Spiritual Life (1908) ; and Godly Self-control (1909).
I. Philipp Jakob Spener.
Early Life and Education (§ 1).
Frankfort and the Collegia Pietatis (§2).
The Pia Desideria (§3).
Attacks on Teachings and Collegia (§4).
Stormy Career at Dresden (§ 5).
Call to Berlin; Real Rise of Pietism (§6).
Spener's Closing Years (§ 7).
Personality and Theology (§8).