RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Ratzeberger Rautenstrauch
RAUHES HAUS. See Wichern, Johann Hinrich; Deacon, IV.
RAUSCHEN, rau'shen, GERHARD: German Roman Catholic; b. at Heinsberg (33 m. s.w. of Diisseldorf), Prussia, Oct. 13, 1854. He was educated at the University of Bonn (1874-77) and in 1877 was ordained to the priesthood at Roermond, Holland. He was teacher in a gymnasium at Andernach (1889-92) and at Bonn (1892-97). In 1897 he became privat-docent for church history at the university of the same city, where he has been associate professor of the history of religion since 1902. He has written Ephemerides Tulliance (Bonn, 1886) ; Die Legende Karls des Grossen im elf ten und zwolften Jahrhundert (Leipsic, 1890); Jahrbuch der christlichen Kirche unter Theodosius dem Grossen (Freiburg, 1897); Das griechisch-romische Schulwesen zur Zeit des ausgehenden Heidentums (Bonn, 1901); Grundriss der Patrologie mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Dogmengeschichte (Freiburg, 1903); Florilegium patristicum (7 parts, Bonn, 1904-09); Die wichtigeren neuen Funde aus dem Gebiete der dltesten Kirchengeschichte (1905); text books on church history, dogmatics, and apologetics (4 parts, 1907-08); and Eucharistie und Busssakrament in den ersten sechs Jahrhunderten der Kirche (Freiburg, 1908).
RAUSCHENBUSCH, AUGUSTUS: Baptist; b. at Altona (41 m. n.e. of Cologne) Feb. 13, 1816; d. at Hamburg 1899. He came of a long line of Lutheran pastors and authors; studied at the universities of Berlin and Bonn; was pastor at Altona in succession to his father, 1841-45; emigrated in 1845 to America to serve among his countrymen there; was German secretary and editor for the American Tract Society, 1846-53; in 1850 he became a Baptist, and served German Baptist churches in Missouri, 1853-58; was head of the German department in Rochester Theological Seminary, 1858-90; returned to Germany in 1890 and spent the rest of his life there in literary labors. Among his books may be noted Geschichte der Erzvdter (New York, 1859); Die Bedeutung des Fusswaschens Christi (Hamburg, 1861); Die Vorldufer der Reformation (Cleveland, O., 1875); Gehoren die Apokryphen in der Bibel hinein (Hamburg, 1895) ; Die Entstehung der Kindertaufe (1897); Biblische Frauenbilder (1897) ; Die Entstehung der Kindertaufe im 3. Jahrhundert nach Christum und die Wiedereinfuhrung der biblischen Taufe im 17 Jahrhundert (1898); and Handbiichlein der Homiletik fur freikirchliche Prediger und fur Stadtmissiondre (Cassel, 1900) .
Bibliography: Leben und Wirken von August Rauschenbusch, Casse] and Cleveland, Ohio, 1901 (by himself and his son Walter, q.v.).
RAUSCHENBUSCH, rau'shen-bush, WALTER: Baptist, son of the preceding; b. in Rochester, N. Y., Oct. 4, 1861. He received his education at the Rochester Free Academy, the classical gymnasium at Gutersloh, Germany (1879-83), University of Rochester (B.A., 1884), Rochester Theological Seminary (graduated 1886), with supplementary studies in Germany (1891-92 and 1907-08) ; he was pastor of the Second German Baptist Church, New York City, 1886-97; professor of New-Testament interpretation in the German department of Rochester Theo-
logical Seminary, 1897-1902; and of church history in the seminary since 1902. His principal work is Christianity and the Social Crisis (New York, 1907), which has run through several editions. Besides this other works worthy of mention are Das Leben Jesu (Cleveland, Ohio, 1895); Leben und Wirken von August Rauschenbusch (Cassel, 1901); The New Evangelism (New York, 1904); For God and the People (1910; prayers); and the sections dealing with American church history in the Handbuch der Kirchengeschichte, ed. G. Kriiger (Tubingen, 1909).
RAUTENBERG, rau'ten-bara, JOHANN WIL- HELM: German Protestant and one of the foremost preachers of his day; b. at Moorfieth (a village near Hamburg) Mar. 1, 1791; d. at Hamburg Mar. 1, 1865. After being forced to flee from Hamburg in 1813 because of his part in the deliverance of Hamburg from the French, he studied at the universities of Kiel (1813-16) and Berlin (1816-17). He then returned to Hamburg, where he supported himself chiefly as a private tutor until 1820, when he was chosen pastor of St. George (now part of the city of Hamburg). There he labored for nearly forty-five years, and there, on Jan. 9, 1825, he opened a Sunday-school to give elementary secular instruction as well as religious training to those children who were deprived of opportunities for such teaching during the week. Despite much opposition, this school not only developed into a week-day school and even into the St. George Stiftskirche, but was ultimately responsible for the establishment of the Rauhes Haus (see Wichern, Johann Hinrich). Rautenberg's theological position was throughout one of unswerving orthodoxy and devotion. His chief writings were as follows: Denkbldtter (13 parts, Hamburg, 1821-33); two volumes of sermons (ed. H. Sengelmann, Hamburg, 1866- 1867); and two hymnals, Festliche Nachklange (1865) and Hirtenstimmen 1866; both edited by H. Sengelmann). (Carl Bertheau.)
Bibliography: H. Sengelmann, Zum Gedachtnis Johann Wilhelm Rautenbergs, Hamburg, 1865; F. A. Lowe, Denkwiirdigkeiten aus dem Leben und Wirken des J. W Rautenbergs, ib. 1866; J. H. Hock, Bilder aus der Geschichte der hamburgischen Kirche, pp. 323 sqq., ib. 1900; ADB, xxvii. 457 sqq.; P. Lange, Johann Wilhelm Rautenberg, Berlin, 1900.
RAUTENSTRAUCH, rau'ten-strauH, FRANZ STEPHAN: Austrian Roman Catholic; b. at Platten (14 m. n. of Elbogen), Bohemia, July 26, 1734; d. at Erlau (67 m. n.e. of Budapest), Hungary, Sept. 30, 1785. He entered the Benedictine order at Brewnow, where he taught philosophy, canon law, and theology. After he had been raised by Maria Theresa to the prelacy of the united monasteries of Braunen and Brewnow in 1773, and, in 1774, to the directorship of the theological faculty of Prague and later of Vienna, he prepared his Neue allerhochste Instruction fiir alle theologischen Facultdten in den kaiserlich-koniglichen Erblanden (Vienna, 1776), in which he insisted upon the study of the Scriptures in the original, of hermeneutics and of church history, and urged the students not to attend lectures on dogmatics before their third year of study; then should follow the practical branches, among which especial stress was laid on catechetics.
Rauwenhoff
Raymond