THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
into work for distraction, in this spirit producing his Aristoteles uber Kunst, besonders uber Tragodie (Vienna, 1870); but the pronouncement of the dogma of papal infallibility (see Infallibility op the Pope; Vatican Council) had brought matters to a crisis, and Reinkens endeavored to assist the minority who protested against the new decrees by writing his Papst und Papsttum nach der Zeichnung des heiligen Bernard von Clairvaux (Minister, 1870), following this with his Ueber die pdpstliche Unfehlbarkeit (Munich, 1870). Despite all prohibitions, Reinkens persisted in his course of opposition to the decrees of the Vatican Council both in writing and in counsel, and attendance on his lectures was accordingly forbidden. On Nov. 20, 1870, he was finally suspended by the prince-bishop of Breslau.
In the years following Reinkens, residing partly at Munich and partly on the Rhine, attended Old Catholic congresses and lectured far and wide in behalf of the movement. In 1872 he made the journey to Switzerland which resulted in the establishment of the Old Catholics there, and in the following year he was elected bishop of the new organization. He was consecrated by the Jansenist bishop of Deventer, Heykamp, on Aug. 11, 1873, and was recognized by Prussia on Sept. 19, by Baden on Nov. 7, and by Hesse on Dec. 15. Bavaria, on the other hand, refused to recognize him, and on Nov. 21 the Old Catholics and their bishop were excommunicated by the pope. The sympathy with the movement felt by the theological faculty of Bonn led Reinkens to take up his residence in that city. He presided over fourteen synods held in different parts of Germany, in which many sweeping departures from the Roman Catholic system were introduced (see, in general, Old Catholics). He was continually active in episcopal visitations throughout a diocese stretching from Konigsberg in the northeast to Constance in the southwest, and from Krefeld in the northwest to Silesia and Passau in the southeast. He lived to see a steady growth in clergy, parishes, and communicants, and he founded at Bonn a seminary for candidates for the priesthood. He likewise was a potent factor in keeping the Old Catholics from falling into the perils of German Catholicism (q.v.), and he steadily resisted all efforts to induce him to be reconciled with the Roman Catholic Church. In 1895 failing health forced him to ask for a coadjutor, and Theodor Weber was accordingly consecrated.
Besides the works already mentioned, Reinkens wrote, among others, the following: Die barmherzigen Schwestern vom heiligen Carl Borromeo zu Nancy (2d ed., Schaffhausen, 1855); Revolution und Kirche (Bonn, 1876); Luise Hensel und ihre Lieder (1877); Amalie von Lasaulx eine Bekennerin (1878); Melchior von Diepenbrock (Leipsic, 1883); and Lessing uber Toleranz (1883). He was likewise the author of many sermons and of fourteen episcopal charges. English translations have appeared of his First Pastoral Letter (11 Aug. 187S) and Speech on Bible Reading, by G. E. Broade (London, 1874), and of his Speeches on Christian Union and Old Catholic Prospects, by J. E. B. Mayor (1874).
(J. Reinkensj.)
Bibliography: J. M. Reinkens, Joseph Hubert Reinkens Gotha, 1906; F. Rolert, Bischof Reinkens und seine Heifer Leipsic, 1888; W. Beyschlag, Bischof Reinkens und der deutsche Altkatholizismus, Berlin, 1896; F. Ninpold Erinnerungen an Bischof Reinkens, Leipsic, 1896; and the literature under Old Catholics.
REISCHLE, rai'shle, MAX WILHELM THE0- DOR: German Protestant; b. in Vienna June 18 1858; d. at Halle Dec. 11, 1905. He was educated at the universities of Tubingen (1876-80), Gottingen, and Berlin (1882-83), interrupting his studies while vicar at Gmiind, Wurttemberg, in 1881-82. He was a lecturer at the theological seminary at Tubingen (1883-88), having official permission to lecture in the university of the same city. He was then a teacher in a gymnasium at Stuttgart (1888- 1892); professor of practical theology at the University of Giessen (1892-95) ; was called to Gottingen as professor of systematic theology (1895); and in the same capacity to the University of Halle (1896). In theology he belonged to the school of Ritschl. He wrote: Ein Wort zur Kontroverse uber die Mystik in der Theologie (Freiburg, 1886); Die Frage nach dem Wesen der Religion, Grundlegung zu einer Methodologie der Religionsphilosophie (1889) ; Das akademische Studium und der Kampf um die Weltanschauung (Gottingen, 1894) ; Die Spielen der Kinder in seinem Erziehungswert (1897); Christliche Glaubenslehre in Leitsdtzen fur eine akademische Vorlesung entvrickelt (Halle, 1899) ; Welturteile und Glaubensurteile (1900); Jesu Worte von der eurigen Bestimmung der Menschenseele in religionsgeschichtlicher Beleuchtung (1902); Theologie und Religionsgeschichte (Tubingen, 1904); and the posthumous Aufsatze und Vortrage, ed. T. Haring and F. Loofs (1906), contains biographical introduction.
REITZ, raits, JOHANN HEINRICH: German Reformed and mystic; b. at Oberdiebach (a village near Bacharach, 22 m. s.s.e. of Coblenz) 1655; d. at Wesel (32 m. n.w. of Diisseldorf) Nov. 25, 1720. He was educated at Leyden and Bremen, in the latter city coming under pietistic influences. Completing his studies at Heidelberg, he taught at Frankenthal, until 1681, when he was called to the pastorate of Freinsheim. Here he remained until compelled to flee by the War of the Palatinate in 1689, and during this first pastorate completed his Latin translation of the Moses and Aaron of Thomas Godwin (Bremen, 1684). He then became inspector of churches and schools in the district of Ladenburg, only again to be driven out by war. He next preached for a time at Asslar, and a few years later was made inspector at Braunfels. Here, however, his attempt to convert a mystic to the ways of faith led to his own fall from orthodoxy, and he was deposed and expelled. For a time he was pastor at Homberg-vor-der-Hohe, and then went to Frankfort, justifying his tenets in his Kurtzer Begriff des Leidens, der Lehre und des Verhaltens J. H. Reitzcns (Offenbach, 1698), manifesting a mixture of Reformed orthodoxy and chiliasm. He now wandered about with other enthusiasts, founding " Philadelphian " societies, and enjoying the favor of noble sympathizers. For some three years he resided at Offenbach, attacking the Heidelberg Catechism in his Kurtzer Vortrag von der Gerechtigkeit, die mr
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