THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
2. Fifth bishop of Martigny in Switzerland; flourished in the middle of the fifth century. To him Eucherius (q.v.), bishop of Lyons, addressed the history of St. Maurice (q.v.), and Salvius responded by dedicating to Eucherius his only extant work, the Laticulus (in part printed in ASB, Jan., i. 43- 44, June, vii. 178 sqq.; and in MPL, xiii. 671 sqq.; cf. Histoire UttSraire de la France, ii. 294-296; and Ceillier, Autcurs sacrSs, viii. 452), a calendar of things sacred and profane.
3. Bishop of Alby; d. c. 584. He was an intimate of Gregory of Tours (q.v.), began life as an advocate, but was converted, became a monk, then abbot, and had a vision of heaven which Gregory relates (Hist. Francorum, vii. 1). Gregory speaks of him as a man of great sanctity and incessant charity, and the church at Nevers (as also another) was dedicated to him (ASB, Sept., hi. 575 sqq.).
SALZBURG, solts'burg, ARCHDIOCESE OF: An
Austrian archbishopric, the see city of which is Salzburg, the Juvavum of the Romans, who reduced it, together with the rest of the province of Xoricum, during the campaign of Tiberius and Drusus in 15 B.C. The original Celtic population was quickly Romanized, and Christianity early found entrance, doubtless from Aquileia, although there are no certain records of the new faith in the city previous to Constantine. After the withdrawal of the Romans, Salzburg, which evidently had not become an episcopal city during this period, fell into decay, nor did its medieval history begin until the time of St. Rupert (q.v.). The diocese was first formally organized by St. Boniface (q.v.) in 739, although it was not until 987 that the dignities of bishop or archbishop of Salzburg and abbot of St. Peter's were made distinct. In 798 Salzburg was elevated to archiepiscopal rank by Charlemagne, its jurisdiction embracing the sees of Regensburg, Passau, Freising, Seben, and the short-lived Neuburg. It was, accordingly, the largest German archbishopric next to Mainz, its boundaries being the Inn on the west and the Drau on the south, while on the north and east it practically coincided with the present northern boundary of Salzburg and Styria and with the eastern boundary of Styria.
(A. Hauck.) Throughout its history the archdiocese of Salzburg remained true to the Roman Catholic Church, its rigorous treatment of Protestants exposing it to much criticism from adherents of the newer doctrines (see Salzburg, Evangelicals of). In 1802 the archdiocese was secularized, and after belonging in turn to Germany, Austria, and Bavaria, finally passed, in 1814, under the control of the latter country. The archdiocese was reerected in 1824, after having been vacant since 1812, and now exercises jurisdiction over the dioceses of Trient, Brixen, Gurk, Seckau, and Lavant. In 1909 it had a population of 263,080 Roman Catholics and 1,637 Protestants, 491 secular and 130 regular clergy, 183 parishes, and a theological faculty in the see city.
Bibliography: Sources are contained in MGH, Script., l (1826), 86 sqq., ix (1851), 7.57 sqq., xi (1854), 1 sqq., 25 sqq., xiii (1881), 353 sqq.; ib. Nee., ii (1890), 45 sqq.; ib. Leg., II., Cap. reg. Franc., i (1SS3), 226; Salzburger Urkundenhuch, ed. W. Hnuthaler, Salzburg, 1898; Regesta archiepiscoporum Salisburgensium, ed. A. von Meiller,
Vienna, 1866. Consult: M. Hanzig, Germania sacra, vol. ii., Augsburg, 1729; G. A. Pichler, Salzburgs Landexgeschichte, Salzburg, 1865; H. G. Gengler, Beitr&ge zur Rechtsgeschichte Bayerns, part 1, Erlangen, 1889; F. von Piche, Abhandlungen uber die alteste Geschichte Salzburgs, Innsbruck, 1889; J. Loserth, Salzburg und Steiermark im letzten Viertel des IS. J ahrhunderts, Graz, 1905; H. Widmann, Geschichte Salzburgs, 2 vols., Gotha, 1907-09 (goes to 1519); Gams, Series episcoporum, pp. 307-327; KL x. 1586-1642.
SALZBURG, EVANGELICALS OF: The name applied to several thousand Protestants expelled from the Archbishopric of Salzburg (q.v.) in the eighteenth century. Protestantism early penetrated this region, especially the Salz- Initial achthal and its vicinity. Matthseus
Movements Lang, archbishop of Salzburg at the for time of the Reformation, was at first
Repression, not hostile to the new movement. He gave favorable reception to Johann von Staupitz, Paulus Speratus, Urbanus Rhegius, and Wolfgang Russ, and gained the approval of Luther. But before long he changed his attitude, in consequence of favors from the Curia. He now roused enmity between Luther and Staupitz, energetically opposed the Protestant preachers, and in 1520 obliged Speratus and Agricola (qq.v.) to flee. A certain Matthaeus was captured, and an ex-Franciscan, Georg Scharer, was beheaded for contumacy. In spite of every effort on the part of Lang and his successors, Protestantism steadily increased; exile and visitation were alike in vain; many of the clergy broke their vows of celibacy. Yielding to repeated demands, Archbishop Johann Jakob granted the laity the cup, but was obliged by the Curia to retract his position. In 1588 Archbishop Wolfgang Dieterich visited Rome for instructions, and on his return issued a " Reformation mandate " in which he commanded all Protestants of the city of Salzburg either to recant or to leave the country within a month, permission being given the recalcitrant to convert their property into money. Since, however, nearly all preferred exile to recantation, a second mandate was issued confiscating their property. In consequence of these measures, many of the wealthiest inhabitants of Salzburg emigrated to Austria, Saxony, and elsewhere, while others, outwardly complying with Roman Catholicism, secretly adhered to Luther's teachings. In 1613-15 the mandates were extended by Archbishop Markus Sittich to the entire region in view of the increase of Protestantism. Throughout Pongau the churches stood empty, while the people thronged to Schladming in Styria to attend Lutheran gatherings; and in Radstadt, where the Protestants were in the majority, they demanded from the archbishop preachers of their own.
The archbishop increased the sternness of his measures to crush the Protestant movement. Capuchins sought in vain to restore the Evangelicals to the Roman Catholic Church, whereupon the Protestants were required to recant within Persecu- four weeks or fourteen days, or to be
tion 1 615- banished with confiscation of their 1727. goods. At the same time, search was made for Protestant books, and imprisonment was enacted for those who circulated such writings. Finally, the Evangelicals were subjected