THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Stockholm. In the following year, however, the climate and his controversies with Isaak Vossius and Nicolaus Heinsius caused him to return to Leyden, laden with gifts and honors from the queen. His theological works deal with exegesis, church history, and canon law. To the first category belong his editions of Nilus' De primatu papce Romani and Barlaam's Monachi (Hanau, 1608), and to the second his ^4 mici ad amicum de suburbicariis regionibus et ecclcsiis suburbicariis epistola (n.p., 1619) and also his Eucharisticon Jacobo Sirmondo — both in defense of Jacques Sirmond (q.v.) against Jacobus Gothofredus. Salmasius published an edition of Tertullian's De pallio (Paris, 1622), which led Petavius to write his pseudonymous Antonii Kerkoetii animadversorum liber, to which Salmasius replied in the Confutatio animadversorum Antonii Cerccetii, auctore Francisco Franco (Middelburg, 1623). In 1638 the De usuris (Leyden, 1638) involved its author in strife with theologians and jurists. This was followed by the De modo usurarum (1639), Diatriba de mutuo (1640), and Dissertatio de fcenore (1640). Petavius assailed Salmasius in his Dissertationes ecclesiastical, and Salmasius answered in the pseudonymous Walonis Messalini de episcopis et presbyteris (1641), and in De primatu papa (1645). In like manner he wrote, under the pseudonym of Simplicius Verinus, the De transsubstantione (The Hague, 1646). (G. LaubmannI).
Bibliography: Salmasii epistolarum liber I. Accedunt de laudibus et vita ejusdem prolegomena, ed. A. Clementio, Leyden, 1656; J. Arnd, Exercitatio de erroribus Salmasii in theologia, Wittenberg, 1651, reproduced in G. H. Goetze, Elogia Germanorum theologorum, pp. 207-231, Liibeck, 170S; A. Vorst, Oratio in excessum Salmasii, ib. 1654; P. Papillon, Bibliotheque des auteurs de Bourgogne, ii. 247-286, Dijon. 1742; A. J. von der Aa, Biographisch Woordenboek der Xederlanden, xvii. 33-53, Haarlem, 1852 sqq.; E. and E. Haag, La France protestante, ix. 149-173, 10 vols., Paris, 2d ed., 1S77 sqq.; E. Egger, L'Hellenisme en France, i. 227, Paris, 1869.
SALMERON, sol'me-ron", ALPHONSO: Jesuit; b. at Toledo Oct. 8, 1515; d. at Naples Feb. 13, 1585. He studied at Alcala and Paris; joined Ignatius Loyola, 1534, and became one of the founders and most active members of the Society of Jesus. Fanatical in his resistance to the Reformation, he visited almost every country in Europe, was present at the Council of Trent as papal theologian, and wrote commentaries on most of the books of the New Testament (16 vols., Cologne, 1602-04, and after), which are more theological than exegetical. Bibliography: The two important lives are by G. Boero, Florence, 1880 (in Italian), and I. Torre, Barcelona, 1887 (in Spanish). Consult also KL, x. 1555-56; Vigouroux, Dictionnaire, fasc. xxxv. 1378-1379; and the literature under Jesuits.
SALMON, GEORGE: Church of Ireland; b. in Dublin Sept. 25, 1819; d. there Jan. 22, 1904. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1S39; M.A., 1843), and was ordered deacon in 1844 and ordained priest in the following year. He was assistant to the regius professor of divinity at Dublin University (1845-66); senior assistant to the professor of mathematics and lecturer in the same subject (1848-66); and regius professor of divinity (1866-88). He was also junior dean in 1848, examining chaplain to the archbishop of Dublin in 1852-
1864 and 1885-88, university preacher in 1852-55 and 1857-65, and deputy Archbishop King's lecturer in 1862. From 1888 until his death he was provost of Trinity College, Dublin, and from 1871 was also chancellor of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. He wrote, besides several volumes of collected sermons, Historical Introduction to the Study of the Books of the New Testament (1885) ; Tlie Infallibility of the Church (1888); Some Thoughts on the Textual Criticism of the New Testament (1897); and The Human Element in the Gospels. A Commentary of the Synoptic Narrative, ed. N. J. D. White, London
SALMOND, STEWART DINGWALL FORDYCE:
Free Church of Scotland; b. at Aberdeen June 22, 1838; d. there Apr. 20, 1905. He was educated at King's College and the University, Aberdeen, and at Erlangen; was assistant professor of Greek, University of Aberdeen, 1861-64; classical examiner, 1864-67; minister at Barry, Forfarshire, 1865-76; professor of systematic theology and New-Testament exegesis in the Free Church College, Aberdeen, after 1876; and principal after 1898. He translated with notes parts of vols, vi., ix., xiv., and xx. of the ANF (Edinburgh, 1867-71), and of vols. viii. and ix. of transl. of Augustine (1873), and was author of a Commentary on the Epistles of Peter (New York, 1883), in Philip Schaff's Popular Commentary on the New Testament; on the Epistle of Jude (New York, 1890) in The Pulpit Commentary; on the Gospel of Mark (London, 1902) in the Century Bible; on Ephesians (1904); and of The Life of the Apostle Peter (Edinburgh, 1884) ; An Exposition of the Shorter Catechism (1884); The Parables of our Lord (1884); The Life of Christ (1887); and The Sabbath (1894) — the last four are included in The Bible Class Primers. He published also The Christian Doctrine of Immortality (Edinburgh, 1895; 4th rev. ed., 1901). He was editor of The Bible Class Primers; The Critical Review of Current Theological and Philosophical Literature; and coeditor with Dr. Charles A. Briggs of The International Theological Library.
SALOME. See Herod and his Family, I., §§1, 3, 5, II., §§ 3, 6; James I., 1.
SALT: Important both as a condiment and as an element in the Hebrew ritual of sacrifice. The Dead Sea rendered it easy for the ancient Hebrews to obtain salt (Gen. xiv. 3; Deut. hi. 17; Josh. iii. lfi), and they obtained it also from the Mediterranean. ( Yystals of salt were found on the shore of the Dead Sea ready for gathering (cf. Ecclus. xliii. 19), and at the southern extremity of the same sea are beds of rock salt (cf. Gen. xix. 26; Wisd. of Sol., x. 7). The marshes in the vicinity of the Dead Sea have an incrustation of coarse salt when the water recedes each year (Ezek. xlvii. 11; Zeph. ii. 9). For many thousand years the tribes about the Dead Sea have driven a thriving trade in salt. According to I Mace. x. 29, xi. 35, a tax was levied on salt, of which the temple consumed immense quantities (Ezra vi. 7); supplies of salt could be obtained in the temple market by the worshipers (Ezra vi. 9' vii. 22). According to Josephus the salt of Sodom alone was used for the temple.