RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Smalley Smith
sic, 1880; Wattenbach, DGQ, i (1893), 326; Werminghoff, in Historische Zeitschrift, 1902, pp. 193-213; O. Zockler, Die Tugendlehre des Christentums, pp. 133—134, Gutersloh, 1903; Hauck, KD, ii. 113-114, 592-594 et passim; DCB, iv. 708-709; ASB, saec. iv., i. 589-590; KL, xi. 427^28.
SMECTYMNUUS. See Calamy, 1.
SMEND, schmendt, JULIUS: German Protestant; b. at Lengerich (18 m. n.e. of Minister) May 10, 1857. He studied at the universities of Bonn, Halle, and Gottingen from 1876 to 1879 (lie. theol., Bonn, 1884); was assistant pastor at Paderborn (1879-81), Bonn (1882-85), and Siegen (1885); and pastor at Seelscheid (1885-91). He was then professor of practical theology at the seminary for preachers at Friedberg, Hesse (1891-93); and since 1893 has occupied a similar position at the University of Strasburg, where he was rector in 1906-07 In theology he describes himself as a " pupil of Albrecht Ritschl, but does not belong to any party and, with decidedly liberal theological convictions, is devoted as a preacher and teacher to the promotion of ecclesiastical piety." He has been associate editor (with F. Spitta) of the Monatschrift fur Gottesdienst und kirchliche Kunst since 1897, and has written Deutsches Liederbuch (Dortmund, 1892); Feierstunden (Gottingen, 1892); Der erziehliche Wert der Musik (Dortmund, 1894); Die evangelischen deutschen Messen bis zu Luther s deutscher Messe (Gottingen, 1896); Der erste evangelische Gottesdienst in Strassburg (Strasburg, 1897); Der Wert der Todeserinnerung fur das innere Leben (1897); Kelchversagung und Kelchspendung in der abendldndischen Kirche (Gottingen, 1898); Das Wesen der evangelischen Frommigkeit (Strasburg, 1899); Feierstunden, neue Folge (Gottingen, 1901); Zur Frage der Kultusrede (Freiburg, 1902); Der evangelische Gottesdienst, eine Liturgik nach evangelischen Grundsdtzen (Gottingen, 1904); Kirchenbuchfur evangelische Gemeinden (2 vols., Strasburg, 1906-08); Schleiermachers politische Predigt (1906); Festpredigten (1908) ; Evangelische Predigten (1910) ; and Dem Volke muss die Religion erhalten Werden (1911).
SMEND, RUDOLF: German Protestant; b. at Lengerich (18 m. n.e. of Minister) Nov. 5, 1851. He was educated at the universities of Gottingen, Berlin, and Bonn (Ph.D. Bonn, 1874), became privat-docent at Halle, 1875; associate prof essor 1880; professor of theology at Basel, 1881; professor of Old-Testament exegesis in the philosophical faculty of the University of Gottingen, 1889. He has written Der Prophet Ezekiel Erkldrt (Leipsic, 1880); Die Inschrift des Konigs Mesa von Moab (Freiburg, 1886; in collaboration with A. Socin); Lehrbuch der alttestamentlichen Religionswissenschaft (Freiburg, 1893); Weisheit des Jesus Sirach, Text und Erkldrung (1906) ; Griechisch-syrisch-hebrdischer Index zur Weisheit des Jesus Sirach (Berlin, 1907); and Alter und Herkunfl des Achikar-Romans und sein Verhdltniss zu Aesop (Giessen, 1908).
SMET, smet or sme, PIERRE JEAN DE: Jesuit missionary; b. at Termonde (20 m. s.w. of Antwerp), Belgium, Jan. 30, 1801 ; d. in St. Louis, Mo., May 23, 1873. He left Belgium for the United States at
the age of twenty and became a Jesuit novice at Whitemarsh, Md., but in 1823 a new Jesuit settlement was established at Florissant, near St. Louis, whither De Smet went. His influence with the Indians became so strong that he was requested by the United States Government to allay threatened uprisings in Oregon and Washington (1858). Again in 1862 and 1867 he visited hostile tribes, but steadily refused to have any association with American military measures against the Indians. In 1868 he was the prime mover of the treaty of peace signed by Sitting Bull between the Sioux and the United States Government, and two years later he made another visit to the same important tribe. He was unceasing in his efforts to protect the Indians against the encroachments of the Americans, and his religious zeal and piety were commensurate with his humanitarian endeavors. His control over the Indians was marvellous, and in his efforts for the amelioration of their condition he crossed the ocean nineteen times, pleading their cause everywhere. Among his workers special mention may be made of his Letters and Sketches, with a Narrative of a Year's Residence among the Indian Tribes of the Rocky Mountains (Philadelphia, 1843); Oregon Missions and Travels over the Rocky Mountains in 1845-46 (New York, 1847) ; Voyage au grand desert en 1851 (Brussels, 1853); Western Missions and Missionaries (a series of letters; New York, 1863); and New Indian Sketches (1865).
Bibliography: F. Deynoodt, P. J. de Smet, missionaire beige aux Etats Unis, Brussels, 1878; H. M. Chittenden and A. T. Richardson, Life, Letters, and Travels of Pierre Jean de Smet, S. J., 4 vols.. New York, 1905.
SMITH, ALEXANDER COKE: Methodist Episcopal, South, bishop; b. in Sumter Co., S. C, Sept. 16, 1849. He was educated at Wofford College, Spartanburg, S. C. (A.B., 1872), and, after holding various pastorates in his denomination, was professor of mental and moral philosophy in the same institution (1886-90) ; and of practical theology in Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tenn. (1890-92), after which he again took up ministerial duties. In 1902 he was elected bishop.
SMITH, ARTHUR HENDERSON: Congregationalist; b. at Vernon, Conn., July 18, 1845. He was educated at Beloit College (A.B., 1867), Andover Theological Seminary (1867-69), Union Theological Seminary, New York (graduated 1870), and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City (1870-71). In 1871-72 he was a missionary at Chicago and Clifton, 111.; was stationed at Tientsin, China (1872-80) under the auspices of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; was at P'ang Chuang, Shantung (1880-90), although in 1886-87 he was acting pastor of the First Congregational Church, Pasadena, Cal. He was in Peking during the siege of the city in 1900, and was then stated supply of Union Church, Tientsin, in 1900-01, after which he returned to P'ang Chuang for four years (1901-05). Since 1906 he has been a " missionary at large " in China, except for a brief visit to the United States, and is now engaged in literary work, speaking and traveling extensively in the interest of missions. In theology he is a liberal
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