THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
souri, Kansas, and South Dakota, and is the only theological institution of the Presbyterian Church, for English-speaking students, between Chicago and San Francisco. The first board of directors consisted of twenty ministers and twenty laymen, and the faculty of Drs. Wm. W- Harsha (systematic theology), Stephen Phelps (homiletics and pastoral theology), Matthew B. Lowrie (New-Testament literature), John Gordon (q.v.; ecclesiastical history), and Charles G. Sterling (Hebrew). The seminary opened in Sept., 1891, with nine students, and has thus far enrolled 200 students and graduated eighteen classes. Many of these men have become leaders in the religious movements of the west and south, and several of the classes have representatives in the foreign field. By the provisions of its charter the institution is under the control of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., and stands for the inculcation of the cardinal doctrines of the Presbyterian Church, although, while the institution is distinctly Presbyterian, and was established for the purpose of teaching the doctrines and the polity of the Presbyterian Church, its doors are open to all young men, whatever their theological opinions, who desire training for the ministry. Free discussion is allowed, and none are compelled to adopt Presbyterian views. Its professors seek to know and teach the results of the best modern scholarship. Nothing is retained just because it is old. The changing conditions of society receive special consideration, and such methods of service are commended as these conditions seem to demand. The seminary was established to increase the supply of ministers for the great mission field within the bounds of which it is located. Its founders have not been disappointed in the results, for more than half of its graduates have entered that field, and through their labors thousands have been added to the membership of the Church. The opportunities and advantages of the institution are also extended to laymen who desire to equip themselves for Christian work.
The development of the institution has been gratifying to its founders and friends, and it has always had the hearty commendation of the Presbyterian General Assembly. At the present time its student body represents ten synods and four denominations. The faculty consists of Albert B. Marshall (president and professor of methodology), Matthew B. Lowrie (homiletics, pastoral theology, and English Bible), Joseph J. Lampe (Hebrew and Old-Testament literature), Daniel E. Jenkins (didactic and polemic theology), Charles A. Mitchell (New-Testament literature), and Charles Herron (ecclesiastical history, church polity, and missions). Through the generosity of friends, especially Mrs. William Thaw, Thomas McDougall, and John H. Converse, the seminary possesses a desirable site and a modern building ample for all its present requirements. Its endowment fund, with other holdings, amounts to $225,000, and its library contains 6,000 volumes.
A. B. Marshall.
8. Princeton: This seminary, which is located at Princeton, Mercer Co., N. J., was founded in 1812 by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., which created it and controls it. Its
official name is "The Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A." The assembly of 1810 decided " immediately to attempt to establish a seminary." That of 1811 adopted a plan or constitution for the seminary. That of 1812, after an agreement with the trustees of the College of New Jersey, located the seminary in Princeton. On May 3, 1812, the assembly elected the first board of directors, consisting of twenty-one ministers and nine ruling elders, as at present, and on June 2 the Rev. Dr. Archibald Alexander (q.v.) was elected professor of didactic and polemic theology. On Aug. 12 the seminary was formally opened with one professor and three students. The classes were first held in Dr. Alexander's house. Those most influential in the inception of the seminary were Rev. Drs. Ashbel Green (q.v.), who wrote the plan; Archibald Alexander, Samuel Miller (q.v.;, Jacob J. Janeway, and President Timothy Dwight (q.v.), of Yale College. The General Assembly of 1813 made Princeton the permanent site of the seminary, and the Rev. Dr. Samuel Miller was added to the faculty. The number of students increased rapidly, and it was found necessary to hold the classes in the college buildings. The first seminary building was occupied in 1817. In 1822 Dr. Charles Hodge (q.v.) was elected a professor. In a large measure the seminary owes what it has been and what it has always stood for to its three earliest teachers.
In 1822 the trustees were incorporated by the New Jersey legislature, with control over the material interests of the seminary. The original charter fixed the number at twenty-one, twelve of whom should be laymen and citizens of New Jersey. In 1877 the board was authorized to add twelve to its number. This it has not yet done. The division of the Presbyterian Church, in 1837, into two branches raised the question to which branch the seminary should belong. The courts decided in favor of the Old School branch [and to that branch the seminary adhered]. Until 1835 the faculty consisted of three professors. The next most important additions were J. Addison Alexander (q.v.) in that year, William Henry Green (q.v.) in is.1l, and Caspar Wistar Hodge (q.v.) in 1860. In 1871 a new chair of Christian ethics and apologetics was erected. In 1877 Archibald Alexander Hodge was associated with his father in the chair of dogmatics, and in 1880 Francis Landry Patton (q.v.) was called to the chair of the relation of philosophy and science to the Christian religion. In this latter year there were seven professors and two instructors in the faculty. Dr. Charles Hodge celebrated his professorial jubilee in 1S72, and Dr. William Henry Green celebrated his in 1896. A new chair of Biblical theology was founded in 1891. In 1836-37 there were 137 students, the high-water mark of the early period; in 1858-59, 181; and 2<m in 1894-95, the largest number in any one year. The total number of students, up to 1910, was 5,742, of whom 3,076 were living, while 367 have become foreign missionaries.
Princeton Seminary has always stood for a divinely inspired Bible and its perfect authority in all matters of faith and practise. It has maintained