RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Trappists Tregelles
t -g, Freiburg, 1898; De Lestrange et les Trappistes, La "rappe, 1898; Les Trappistes pendant la revolution, ib. '898; A. Hecker (Schneider), Ein Besuch bei den Traprtiten auf Oelenberg, Morishofen, 1904; Suchier, Der Orden der Trappisten und die vegetarische Lebensweise, 2d (!., Munich, 1906; Helyot, Ordres monastiques, vi. 1 sqq.; lleimbucher, Orden und Kongregationen, i. 460-473; (VoTier, Religious Orders, pp. 135-140; KL, xi. 1996-2008.
T REACLE BIBLE. See Bible Versions, B, IV.,
TRECHSEL, trek'sel, FRIEDRICH: Swiss theo-
)gi-an; b. at Bern Nov. 30, 1805; d. there Jan. 30,
885. He studied in the university of his native
it-', then in Paris, Gottingen, Halle, and Berlin.
1S29 he became chaplain of the city hospital at
:i, and privat-docent in the academy; pastor at
hi>en, 1837; of the Minster at Bern, 1859; re-
! on a pension, 1876. He was the author of
■■< den Kanon, die Kritik und Exegese der Mani-
>r (Bern, 1832); Die protestantischen Antitrini-
- vor Faustus Socin, nach Quellen und Urkunden
aiMlich dargestellt (2 vols., Heidelberg, 1839-
4 ' , Beitrdge zur Geschichte der schweizerisch-
rrnirten Kirche, zunachst derjenigen des Kantons
n (Bern, 1841-42) ; and Bilder aus der Geschichte
1 rotestantischen Kirche (1889), which included
. tch of the author.
sraphy: Besides the sketch noted above, consult schrift aus der Schweiz, ii (1885), 312-314.
EES. See Fruit-Trees in the Old Testa-
liES, SACRED. See Groves and Trees, o.
;GELLES, tre-gel'es, SAMUEL PRIDE AUX:
ill critic of the New Testament; b. at Wode- ' Place, near Falmouth (44 m. s.w. of Plym- Jan. 30, 1813; d. at Plymouth Apr. 24, 1875. ended the Falmouth classical school, 1825-28, le was compelled to earn his living, and was d in the iron works at Neath Abbey, Glaashire, 1829-35; he then returned to Fali and taught privately. All this time he was j.s and intensely diligent in pursuing his own rion, was earnest in his desire to contribute to iedge of the Bible, and from his twenty-fifth seems to have settled upon the New Testament s sphere of labor. His first book was Passages ", Old Testament Connected with the Revelation !.. The first well-known piece of work was an ': '.t of the English versions which served as inroduction to The English Hexapla (London, 1841). ip sought to further the study of Hebrew by a eiies of text-books: Hebrew Reading Lessons (1845) ; i translation of Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexi- H to the Old Testament (1847); Heads of Hebrew hammar (1852) ; and The Interlineary Hebrew and biglish Psalter (1852). Meanwhile he had taken art in the publication of the Englishman's Hebrew tid Chaldee Concordance to the Old Testament and be Englishman's Greek Concordance to the New Tesiment (1839-43), and had issued Remarks on the h-ophetic Visions in . Daniel (1847), and Defence of the Authenticity of . Daniel (1852).
In his work on the New Testament in the study f Griesbach's New Testament he found the latter :> agree too closely with the textus receptus to be
in accord with what he regarded as the best authority, and proposed a plan for a new text, being in unconscious agreement with the principles of Lachmann, finally setting himself to prepare one. Accordingly in 1844 he edited critically in Greek the book of Revelation, with a new English version, the favorable reception of which confirmed him in his determination to carry out his project. He then began a systematic examination of the uncial manuscripts then available, both in England and on the continent, failing, however, to get permission to collate Codex Vaticanus, though his journeys in 1845-46, 1849-50, and 1852 resulted in correction of collations of important manuscripts, among them the noted Codex Colbertinus, a difficult manuscript the work upon which endangered his eyesight. At this period he made the acquaintance of Lachmann and Tischendorf. While Tregelles edited only Codex Zacynthius, and did not, like some others, discover numbers of manuscripts, he so carefully collated practically all of the uncials and important minuscules then known that his labors have lasting and permanent value. He also examined anew the citations of the Church Fathers down to Eusebius, as well as the ancient versions. Before issuing any portion of a new text, however, he prepared his Account of the Printed Text of the New Testament (1854), which served to expound his critical principles, and rewrote that part of Home's Introduction to the Study of the Holy Scriptures which re-
lated to the textual criticism of the New Testament (1856) . In 1857 the first part of his New-Testament text appeared, containing the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, which contained, beside also the text of Codex Amiatinus, a number of important variant readings and other critical apparatus, including the notation of the Eusebian Canons. The second part followed in 1861, and contained the Gospels of Luke and John. In that year an attack of paralysis compelled him to suspend his labors, and the third part did not appear till 1865, and contained the Acts and Catholic Epistles. The fourth part, making available his edition of the Pauline Epistles down to II Thessalonians, was issued in 1869. Early in 1870 a second stroke of paralysis fell while he was revising the final chapters of Revelation; the fifth part, containing the rest of the Pauline Epistles, was issued that year as he had prepared it, and Revelation in 1872, but without the prolegomena, this last being issued posthumously with addenda and corrigenda through the labors of Hort and Streane. His edition remains as a work of abiding merit and worth, being the fullest in critical apparatus after the eighth edition of Tischendorf's work, his exactness being extraordinary.
Tregelles regarded his labors upon the text, undertaken out of pure love for the Word of God, as a work of worship, and this was the spirit in which his entire labors were carried on. His life was simple, homely, and charitable. In his last years he received a pension on the civil service account of £200 a year. Tregelles was known also as a poet, and the Lyra Britannica and Schaff 's Christ in Song contain poems by him. (Carl BERTHEAufO
Bibliography. His own Account of the Printed Text, ut sup., ia of high value for statement of his principles of
Tremellius