THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
work. Consult further: E. Abbot, in (New York) Independent, May 3, 1S75; P. Schaff, Companion to the Greek Testament, pp. 262-266 et passim, New York, 1883; G. Salmon, Historical Introduction to the Study of the Books of the X. T., pp. 43, 150, 2S3, London, 1892; F. H. A. Scrivener, Introduction to the Criticism of the N. T '., ii. 23S-241 et passim, London. 1894; C. R. Gregory, Textkritik des X. T., pp. 980-9S1, Leipsic, 1902; idem, Canon and Text of X. T ., pp. 346, 460, 461, New York, 1907; DXB, lvii. 170-174.
TREMELLIUS, tre-mel'i-us, EMANUEL: Hebrew scholar; b. at Ferrara, Italy, in 1510; d. at Sedan, France, Oct. 9, 1580. His parents being Jewish, Tremellius was thoroughly instructed in the Hebrew language: after 1530 he was in contact with Christians, and about 1540 was baptized in the house of Cardinal Reginald Pole (q.v.). In 1541 he became teacher of Hebrew in the cloister school newly instituted at Lucca by Pietro Martire Vermigli (q.v.), and published his first professional work, Meditamenta (Wittenberg, 1541). Compelled to flight by the introduction of the Inquisition, he found, in 1542, a new field of labor as teacher of Hebrew at the flourishing school in Strasburg, then directed by Johann Sturm. When driven away by the Schmalkald War, he accepted from Archbishop Cranmer an invitation to England, and received appointment to the Hebrew chair at Cambridge, in 1549. But in 1553, upon the accession of Mary Tudor, he and his family again had to flee. He then went, on invitation from Duke Wolfgang of the Bipontine Palatinate, as preceptor to the duke's three children. When Calvin, in 1558, sought to attract him to the Old-Testament professorship in Geneva, he would gladly have accepted that offer. But Wolfgang refused to let him go, and made him director of the new school in the former cloister of Hornbach, which was opened Jan. 16, 1559. Here he served till Mar. 7, 1561, when he took leave of Wolfgang in peace. Before his departure, Tremellius rendered a service to the oppressed Evangelical believers at Metz by taking part in a deputation to
the royal court at Orleans, following the death of King Francis of France, in Jan., 1561, the result being that the Huguenots of Metz were permitted to use a house of prayer outside the city.
On Mar. 4, 1561, the Palatine Elector Frederick III. (see Frederick III., the Pious) called him to the high school at Heidelberg. There, on June 22, 1561, Tremellius was graduated doctor in theology, and, in full accord with Boquin, Olevianus, and Ursinus, exhibited a fruitful academic industry, finding leisure also for larger literary works. He issued Butzer's lectures (Basel, 1562), which he had heard and copied at Cambridge ; a Latin translation of Jonathan's Aramaic paraphrase of the twelve Minor Prophets (Heidelberg, 1567) and an edition of the Old Syriac translation of the New Testament which he supplemented with a Latin translation, as also with an Aramaic and Syriac grammar (1569). About 1570 he began his most important work, and continued it from 1575 to 1579 in company with his subsequent son-in-law, Francis Junius, a Latin translation of the Old Testament, issued in five volumes, and received with well-deserved favor (see Bible Versions, A, II., 3). During his labors in Heidelberg, Tremellius remained in close correspondence with his friends in England, though he gratefully declined a professorship there that ^a? offered him in 1565.
It was not permitted the aging Tremellius to end his days at Heidelberg. After the death of Frederick III., he was dismissed Dec. 5, 1577, and, alitor a short sojourn at Metz, was called by Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne as professor to the newly erected academy at Sedan, where he devoted his powers to the service of the French youth with the same ardor that he had shown toward those of Italy, Germa ay, and England. He was one of the most lear .ed orientalists of his times. J. Ney .
Bibliography : Biographies have been written by F. Butt »js,
Zweibrvicken, 1859; M. Becker, Breslau, 1887; and A. > ju-
bauer, in Westpfdlzische Geschichtsblatter, 1902, nos. 9 ;,HJ.'