33 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Truth, Truthfulness Tucker
called to Wildungen, the residence of Philip IV., and there began a work of real significance in establishing the church of the Reformation in Waldeck. He was the leader and initiator of the various steps, introducing catechetical instruction and producing an antiphonary for the church service.
Trygophorus was a man of marked genius and practical bent, was recognized in the region as an authority in religious matters second only to Luther and Melanchthon, and did no little service by his gifts for liturgics. He was a man of great earnestness and strong will, resolute in his fidelity to strict Lutheranism and in opposition to Roman Catholic or sectarian tendencies, so that the Waldeck church possessed always the character of a strictly Lutheran body. (Vicror SCHULTZE.) Breuiograpuy: V. Schultze, Waldeckische Reformationsge-
schichte, Leipsic, 1903, cf. ZKG, 1907, pp. 60 saq.
TSCHACKERT, tchak’ert, PAUL MORITZ ROB- ERT: German Protestant; b. at Freystadt (22 m. n.w. of Glogau), Lower Silesia, Jan. 10, 1848; d. at Géttingen July 7, 1911. He studied at the universities of Breslau, Halle, and Gottingen, 1868-74 (lic.theol., Breslau, 1875; Ph.D., Leipsic, 1875), and in 1875 became privat-docent for historical theology at Breslau; associate professor of church history at Halle, 1877; full professor of the same subject at Konigsberg, 1884; and after 1889 was professor of church history at Gottingen. In theology he belonged to the school of Tholuck and Julius Miiller. Besides his work as associate editor of the Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft fur niederstichsische Kirchengeschichte and of the thirteenth and fourteenth editions of J. H. Kurtz’s Lehrbuch der Kirchengeschichte (in collaboration with G. N. Bonwetsch; Leipsic, 1899, 1906), and of Die unverdnderte Augsburger Konfession (1901), he wrote or edited Anna Maria von Schiirmann (Gotha, 1876) ; Peter von Ailli (1877); Die Pdpste der Renaissance (Heidelberg, 1879); Hvangelische Polemik gegen die rémische Kirche (Gotha, 1885); Vorteile und Gefahren, welche der Mission aus der Kolonialpolitik erwachsen (Leipsic, 1886); Johannes Briessmanns Flosculi (Gotha, 1887); Georg von Polenz, Bischof von Samland (Leipsic, 1888); Unbekannte handschriftliche Predigten und Scholien Martin Luthers (1888); Urkundenbuch zur Reformationsgeschichte des Herzogtums Preussen (3 vols., 1890); Paul Speratus von Rotlin (Halle, 1891); Herzog Albrecht von Preussen (Halle, 1894); Ungedruckte Briefe zur allgemeinen Reformationsgeschichte (Gottingen, 1894); Magister Johannes Sutel (Brunswick, 1897); Herzogin Elisabeth von Miinden (Leipsic, 1899); Antonius Corvinus’ Leben und Schriften (Hanover, 1900); Briefwechsel des Antonius Corvinus (1900); Staat und Kirche im Kénigreich Preussen (Gottingen, 1901); Modus vivendi. Grundlinien fiir das Zusammenleben der Konfessionen im deutschen Reich (Munich, 1908); Herzog Albrecht von Preussen als angeblich bedeutender geistlicher Liederdichter der Reformationszeit (Konigsberg, 1909); and Die Entstehwng der lutherischen und reformierten Kirchenlehre samt thren innerprotestantischen Gegensdtzen (Géttingen, 1910).
TUBAL. See Goa anp Magog; and TaBip or THE Nations, § 4. XII.—3
TUCH, tun, FRIEDRICH: German Lutheran; b. at Quedlinburg Dec. 17, 1806; d. at Leipsic Apr. 12, 1867. He was educated at the University of Halle (1825-29), where he became privat-docent in 1830 in the philosophical faculty, lecturing at first on Hebrew and other Semitic languages, and later on all subjects pertaining to the Old Testament. After being associate professor at Halle for a time, he was called, in 1841, to Leipsic in a similar capacity, becoming full professor two years later; in 1853 he became also canon of Zeitz.
The chief work of Tuch was his Kommentar wiber die Genesis (Halle, 1838), a book distinguished for its grammatical acumen, wealth of information on the topography, flora, fauna, and customs of Palestine, and recognition of the historical kernel in the primitive records of Israel. The major portion of his writings, however, were brief programs and the like. These fall into two groups: linguistic and geographical. Among the former mention should be made of his De Athiopice lingue sonorum proprietatibus quibusdam (Leipsic, 1854); De Athiopice lingue sonorum sibilantium natura et usu (1854); as well as of his Hinundzwanzig sinaitische Inschriften (1849), though his attempt to prove these Sinaitic inscriptions pure Arabic is now known to be erroneous. In the second category his most noteworthy contributions were: De Nino urbe (1845), proving that Nineveh could have been situated only on the east bank of the Tigris; Reise des Sheikh Ibrahim el-Krijart el-Medeni durch einen Teil Paldstinas (1850), and Antoninus Martyr, seine Zeit und seine Pilgerfahrt nach dem Morgenlande (1864), the first treating of a Mohammedan traveler of the seventeenth century and the second of an Italian pilgrim of the late sixth century; and Masada, die herodiantsche Felsenfeste (1863), identifying Masada with the heap of ruins at the modern Sabbah. Allusion should also be made to his Die Himmelfahrt Jesu, eine topographische Frage (1857), in which he sought to prove that Bethany was the place of the ascension; as well as to his Commentatio de Maisaloth en Arbelois 1 Mak. 9, 2 (1853), and his Questiones de Flavit Josephi libris historicis (1859).
(Victor RyssELt.)
BrsitiocrapHy: V. Ryssel, in ZKW, 1886, pp. 169 saq.; ADB, xxxviii. 754 sqq.
TUCKER, BEVERLY DANDRIDGE: Protestant Episcopal assistant bishop of southern Virginia; b. at Richmond, Va., Nov. 9, 1847. During the Civil War he served, despite his youth, on the Confederate side, and after the close of hostilities resumed his studies, being graduated from the Virginia Theological Seminary in 1873. He was ordered deacon in the same year and advanced to the priesthood in 1875, and from 1873 to 1882 was minister and rector in North Farnham Parish, Va. He was then rector of St. Paul’s, Norfolk, Va., until 1906, when he was consecrated assistant bishop of southern Virginia.
TUCKER, FREDERICK ST. GEORGE DE LAU- TOUR. See Booru Tucker.
TUCKER, WILLIAM JEWETT: Congregationalist; b. at Griswold, Conn., July 13, 1839. He was educated at Dartmouth (A.B., 1861), and, after
Tuckerman Tuebingen School