THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Cardinal Manning and the bishops undertook to have the relations between the regular and secular clergy in England definitely defined, it was Vaughan who presented the cause of the latter at Rome, and, again, his force and tenacity prevailed after a contest which lasted for months. He was deeply interested in educational work, founded many parochial schools (and strove with no small measure of success to get public money for their support), and established St. Bede’s College at Manchester (an excellent Roman Catholic commercial school) —motived throughout by the desire to prevent children of Roman Catholic parents from falling under Protestant influence. Similarly, in rescue and reformatory work—which he pursued with most commendable zeal and efficiency—it was ever the fear lest some of his communion might be swerved from their faith through service rendered by Protestants which spurred him to his greatest exertions. During the years 1894-97 he was forced to take note of a movement looking to the reunion of the Anglican Church with Rome, and it has been said that the condemnation of Anglican orders by the bull Apostolice cure, which was the result and end of the movement, was chiefly due to his efforts. He certainly approved of the condemnation, and did all in his power to promote patient investigation of the question at Rome—as he also exerted himself to inform his brethren that the English High-churchmen were but a faction of the English Church. On the larger question involved he could have but one opinion—to settle anything by compromise was foreign to his nature. He was very successful as a writer of popular manuals of devotion and instruction, and wrote much for the Tablet (the leading Roman Catholic newspaper of England, of which he was proprietor from 1868), and the Dublin Review (which he controlled from 1878), but only on topics closely connected with the sphere of his duties. He prepared an elaborate essay on the education and training of the clergy as an introduction to the Life of the Blessed John Baptist de Rossi by E. Mougeot (London, 1883), and an unfinished treatise on the same subject appeared after his death under the title The Young Priest (London and St. Louis, 1904), while he also wrote The Year of Preparation for the Vatican Council (2 parts, London, 1869-70); Peter-Tide; or, St. Peter’s Month (1880) ; On the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass (1884); The Reunion of Christendom (1896); and Vindication of the Bull “Apostolice Cure” (1898).
Brptiocrapuy: J. G. Snead-Cox, The Life of Herbert Car-
dinal Vaughan, 2 vols., London, 1910.
VAUGHAN, ROBERT: Congregationalist; b. in England near the border of Wales Oct. 14, 1795; d. at Torquay (29 m. e. of Plymouth) June 15, 1868. He early displayed a marked taste for history, but prepared for the ministry under the guidance of William Thorpe; pastor at Castle Green, Bristol; he was ordained to the charge of the congregation in Angel Street, Worcester, 1819; thence went to the charge of the church at Hornton Street, Kensington. He commenced a literary activity during this period, issuing his Life and Opinions of John de Wycliffe, Illustrated principally from his Manuscripts (2 vols., London, 1828), and Memorials of the Stuart Dynasty
(2 vols., 1831). In 1834 he took the chair of history in London University, and the same year delivered the Congregational lecture on Causes of the Corruption of Christianity (1835). His next works were The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell and the State of Europe during the Early Part of the Reign of Louis XIV. (2 vols., 1838), and The History of England under the House of Stuart (1840). He next assumed the labors of president and professor of theology in the Lancashire Independent College, in 1843, entering upon his duties with the inaugural lecture on Protestant Nonconformity in its Relation to Learning and Piety (1848). He was the founder in 1845 of The British Quarterly, and for twenty years its editor, publishing some of his essays contributed to it in the work Essays on History, Philosophy, and Theology (2 vols., 1849). For the Wyclif Society he edited Tracts and Treatises of John de Wycliffe . . . with . . . Memoir (1845), and issued also John de Wycliffe, D.D.: a Monograph (1853). He resigned his presidency of Lancashire College in 1857, acted as minister to a congregation at Uxbridge, Middlesex, and then retired to devote himself to literary work. He accepted in 1867 a call to a church at Torquay, but his death speedily brought an end to his activities.
The works named above by no means exhaust his literary productions, and mention may be made here of his Thoughts on the Past and Present State of Religious Parties in England (1838); Congregationalism; or the Polity of Independent Churches, viewed in Relation to the State and Tendencies of Modern Society (1842); The Modern Pulpit Viewed in its Relation to the State of Society (1842); The Credulities of Scepticism (1856); and Hnglish Nonconformity (1862).
BIBLIOGRAPHY: Robert Vaughan, a Memorial, London, 1869; J. Waddington, Congregational History, iv. 318 sqq., v. 8 sqq., ib. 1878-80; J. Stoughton, Religion in England during the First Half of the Present Century, li. 278, ib. 1884;
W. Urwick, Nonconformity in Worcester, pp. 120 sqq., 205, ib. 1897.
VEDANTA: A school of Indian philosophy. See Inp1ra, L., 1, § 2.
VEDANTA SOCIETY. See Miscennanrous Re- LIGIouS Boprus, 23.
VEDAS. See Branmanism I., §§ 2-4.
VEDDER, HENRY CLAY: Baptist; b. at De Ruyter, N. Y., Feb. 26, 1853. He was educated at the University of Rochester (A.B., 1873) and at the Rochester Theological Seminary (graduated, 1876); was a member of the editorial staff of The Examiner (1876-92); also editor of the Baptist Quarterly Review (1885-92); editor in chief of The Examiner (1892-94); and since 1894 has been professor of church history in Crozer Theological Seminary, Chester, Pa. He has written Baptists and Liberty of Conscience (Cincinnati, 1885); A Short History of the Baptists (Philadelphia, 1891); The Dawn of Christianity (Philadelphia, 1894); Talks with Baptist Young People (1895); American Writers of To-day (New York, 1894; new ed., 1910); A History of the Baptists of the Middle States (Philadelphia, 1898); The Baptists (New York, 1903); Balthasar Hiibmaier, the Leader of the Anabaptists (1905); Short History of the Baptists (Philadelphia,
1907); Christian Epoch Makers: Story of the great Missionary Eras (1908); and Church History Handbooks (4 vols., 1909-10).
VEESENMEYER, fé’zen-mai’er, GEORG: German Lutheran; b. at Ulm Nov. 20, 1760; d. there Apr. 6, 1832. He was educated in his native city, where he early manifested his interest in the history of the Reformation period, and at the University of Altdorf (1786-89), where he became an instructor in 1790. In October of 1791 he returned to Ulm as a candidate for a gymnasial position, which he gained the next year, and in Feb., 1793, was made professor of rhetoric, which position he held, occasionally assisting as a preacher, until his retirement from active life in 1826, after which he still served his city as municipal librarian. In the theological controversies of his time Veesenmeyer took no part. His mind was essentially that of the historian and of the patient investigator of the less-known facts and characters of the period of the Reformation.
The writings of Veesenmeyer, though extremely numerous, are mostly of brief compass. Many of them are concerned with the local history of Ulm, and others deal with classical problems. Omitting the latter, his writings of chief theological interest are as follows:
Particula annalium manuscriptorum inedita (a portion of Melanchthon’s annals on the Peasants’ War; Altdorf, 1788); De vicissitudinibus doctrine de sancta cena in ecclesia Ulmenst (1789); De recto et vario historie reformationis sacrorum usu (1790); Beitrage zur Geschichte der Litteratur und Reformation (Ulm, 1792); Versuch einer Geschichte der Beichte in der ulmischen Kirche (1792); Nachricht von Hans Jacob Wehe, erstem evangelischen Pfarrer in Leipheim (1794); Nachricht von Conrad Sams, des ersten ordentlich berufenen Ulmischen Reformators, Leben, Verdiensten und Schriften (1795); Collectaneen von Melanchthons Verhiltnissen, in welchen er mit den Ulmern stand (1797); Von dem ehemaligen Aufenthalte der Juden in Ulm (1797); De Ulmensibus Erasmi amicis (1797-98); Nachricht von Ulrich Krafts Leben (1802); Versuch einer Geschichte des ulmischen Katechismus (3 parts, 1803-05); Versuch einer Geschichte des ehemaligen Dominikanerklosters in Ulm (1803); Nachricht von Lorenz Walter Kiichel (1806); De Johanne Boemo Aubano (1806); Versuch von Annalen des ehemaligen Franziskanerklosters in Ulm (1807); De schola Latina Ulmana ante et sub Reformationis sacrorum tempus (1817); Litterarische Nachricht von Luthers Schriften, die Empfehlung des Schulwesens betreffend (Stuttgart, 1819); Litterargeschichte der Briefsammlungen und einiger Schriften von Dr. Martin Luther (Berlin, 1821); Sammlung von Aufsdtzen zur Erliuterung der Kirchenlitteratur-, Miinz- und Sittengeschichte besonders des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts (Ulm, 1827); Litterarisch-bibliographische Nachrichten von einigen evangelischen katechetischen Schriften und Katechismen vor und nach Luthers Katechismen (1830); and Kleine Beitrige zur Geschichte des Reichstags zu Augsburg 1630 und der Augsburgischen Konfesston (Nuremberg, 1830).
(T. Kong.)
VEGHE, fé’gé (TEN LOE), JOHANNES: Brother of the Common Life; b. at Minster in the first half of the fifteenth century; d. there Sept. 24, 1504. He received his early education in his native city— whether from the Brethren of the Common Life is uncertain, but he entered their house in Miinster in 1451. Later he studied at the university of Cologne. Macharius Welinck, rector of the Minster brother-house, sent him to Rostock to organize the brethren in that city, where they had a settlement from 1462. Veghe is mentioned as rector pro tempore in Rostock under date of Jan. 13, 1470, but was back in Miinster in Sept., 1471, and in 1475 he became sixth rector of the Miinster house. Under