THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
nner EE EEE aS EEE
and the far more popular “ Herzlich thut mich erfreuen,” by Miss Susanna Winkworth as ‘‘ Now fain my joyous heart would sing,” by B. H. Kennedy as “Soon will the heavenly Bridegroom come,” by M. Loy as “ The Bridegroom soon will call us,” and by Miss H. R. Krauth as ‘ Leap forth, my heart, rejoicing,” together with one or two less important versions.
BrspriocRAPHyY: Julian, Hymnology, pp. 1231-32; Wackernagel, as noted in the text; and literature under Hym- NOLOGY.
WALTHER, RUDOLF. See Guatruer, Rvupour.
WALTHER, WILHELM MARKUS: German Evangelical; b. at Cuxhaven (60 m. n.w. of Hamburg) Jan. 7, 1846. He received his education at the universities of Erlangen, Marburg, and Géttingen, 1865-70; was pastor in his native place, 1870-95; and then took his present position of professor of church history and the history of dogma at the University of Rostock. He has given especial attention to the history of the final period of the Middle Ages and of the Reformation. Among his published works are: Luther vor dem Richterstuhl der Germania (Hamburg, 1883); Luther im neuesten rémischen Gericht (4 parts, Halle, 1885-92); Die Friichte der rémischen Beichte (Brunswick, 1888); Die Bibeliibersetzungen des Mittelalters (8 parts, 1889-91); Luthers Bibelribersetzung kein Plagiat (Leipsic, 1891); Die Bedeutung der deutschen Reformation fiir die Gesundheit unseres Volkslebens (1894); Melanchthon als Retter des wissenschaftliches Sinnes (1897); Hin Merkmal des Schwérmergeistes (1898); Das Zeugnis des heiligen Geistes nach Luther und nach moderner Schwérmeret (1899) ; Adolf Harnacks Wesen des Christentums fiir die christliche Gemeinde gepriift (1901); Das Erbe der Reformation in Kampfe der Gegenwart (3 parts, 1903-09); Denifles Luther, eine Ausgeburt rémischer Moral (1904); Fur Luther wider Rom. Handbuch der Apologetik Luthers und der Reformation den rémischen Anklagen gegeniiber (1906); Das dlteste und das neueste Christusbild (Wismar, 1906); Heinrich VIII. von England und Luther (Leipsic, 1908); Pauli Christentum, Jesu Evangelium (1908); Zur Wertung der deutschen Reformation (1909); and a number of volumes of sermons. He has also contributed to the Weimar edition of Luther’s works (vols. xix., xxiii.).
WALTON, BRIAN: English Biblical scholar; b. at or near Seymour or Seamer (31 m. n.e. of York), Yorkshire in 1600; d. in London Nov. 29, 1661. He was educated at Cambridge (B.A., 1619-20; M.A., 1623; D.D., 1639); was curate and also schoolmaster in Suffolk; in 1628 became rector of St. Martin’s Orgar, London, to which was joined in 1636 the rectorship of Sandon, Essex, at which time he was perhaps chaplain to the king, and prebend of St. Paul’s; in 1641 he was dispossessed of both rectories, being prosecuted for ‘ subtile tricks and popish innovations,” and in the next year was imprisoned; he fled to Oxford, and there formed the design of the great polyglot (see Brsues, Potyauor, IV.), by which he immortalized himself. After the surrender of Oxford (1646), he went to London with the materials he had collected, and in 1652 published
his prospectus to the polyglot. Subscriptions were placed at ten pounds a set; the six volumes appeared 1654-57. As a help to the student of his polyglot, he published Introductio ad lectionem linguarum orientalium (London; 1655; republished Deventer, 1655, 1658). ‘Owen thought that the polyglot, especially the prolegomena, contained things injurious to Christianity. To him he addressed himself in his Coksiderator Considered; or a brief View of certain Considerations upon the Biblia Polyglotta, the Prolegomena, and the Appendix (London, 1660). Walton’s polyglot is the first book in England published by subscription. The polyglot was placed on the Index. Walton was at the Restoration made chaplain to the king, and on Dec. 2, 1660, was consecrated, in Westminster Abbey, bishop of
Chester.
BrsyiocRapuy: H. J. Todd, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Brian Walton, 2 vols., London, 1821 (vol. ii. is a reprint of the Considerator); DNB, lix. 268-271; F. H. Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen Biicher, ii. 124-125, Bonn, 1885. WALTON’S POLYGLOT. See BisiEs, Potyeuor;
Watton, Brian. WAMWAS. See Vamvas.
WANDALBERT, van’dal-bert: Ecclesiastical author and monk of Priim (a monastery 33 m. n.n.w. of Treves); b. in 813; d. at Priim after 850. His life at the monastery fell under the third abbot, Markward, but prior to that it is practically unknown, though it is possible that he was born in France. His literary activity must have begun when he was young, since his secular poems could hardly have been issued from the cloister, which he entered at least as early as 839. Markward urged him to work over and continue the early “ life” of St. Goar (q.v.), out of which arose the Miracula S. Goaris presbytert (with the Vita in two books, Mainz, 1489; taken later into ASM and ASB). Wandalbert’s second work was his Martyrologium (first printed 1563 with the works of Bede, to whom it was long in part attributed; it is in L. d’Achery, Spicilegium, v. 305 sqq., 13 vols., Paris, 1655-77, in 2d ed., ii. 38 sqq., 1723; in MPL, exxi.; and in MGH, Poet. Lat. evi Car., i (1884), 567 sqq., written in verse and completed about 850. For this he drew largely upon martyrologies, especially that of Bede; but much of it is original. The preface in prose describes the different forms of verse employed by the author. This is followed by six lyrical poems, an invocation to God, beseeching the ability properly to praise the saints, then by an address to the reader admonishing him to emulate the virtues of the saints. Then follow dedications to the Emperor Lothair and his friend Otrich, an outline of the work and a survey of the divisions of the year. Beginning with January, the work contains accounts of one or more saints for each day throughout the year. The Martyrology closes with two hymns to Christ, the conclusto, and a hymn in Sapphic measure to all the saints. Connected with this work are poems in hexameter on the months and their signs, and on the various agricultural, pastoral, and horticultural occupations, and a poetic account of creation. These poems, which imitate the ancient classics, exhibit less of poetic genius than of painstaking effort at artistic writing. (A. Hauck.)