THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
and the Syllabus errorum, and in his abhorrence of all that was not connected with the Roman church, he opposed the scheme of Cardinal Newman for the erection of a Roman Catholic hall at Oxford, while with equal energy he used his influence in behalf of
the choice of H. E. Manning (q.v.) as archbishop of -
Westminster to succeed N. P. S. Wiseman (q.v.). His latter years were passed chiefly on his estate Weston Manor, Freshwater, Isle of Wight.
The chief works of Ward, besides those already noted, were The Relation of Intellectual Power to Man’s True Perfection (London, 1862), The Authority of Doctrinal Decisions which are not Definitions of Faith (1866; essays reprinted from The Dublin Review), De infallibilitatis extensione theses quedam questiones (1869), Essays on Devotional and Scriptural Subjects (1879), Essays on the Church's Doctrinal Authority (1880; both volumes almost entirely consisting of reprints from The Dublin Review), and Essays on the Philosophy of Theism (ed. W. Ward, 2 vols., 1884; also reprinted from the same periodical).
BIBLIOGRAPHY: The two books of highest importance are Wilfrid Ward’s William George Ward and the Oxford Movement, London, 1889, and William George Ward and the Catholic Revival, ib., 1893. The literature under TRACTA-
RIANISM should be consulted, especially the works of Browne and Mozley; also that under JOWETT, BENJAMIN;
PusEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE; and STANLEY, ARTHUR PENRHYN. WARD, WILLIAM HAYES: Congregationalist,
orientalist; b. at Abington, Mass., June 25, 1835. He was educated at Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass., and at Amherst College, Mass. (B.A., 1856); studied in Union Theological Seminary, New York City, 1856-57; in the Sheffield Scientific School, New Haven, Conn., 1857; was tutor in Beloit College, Wis., 1857-58; studied at Andover Theological Seminary, Mass., 1858-59 (graduated); was pastor at Oskaloosa and Grasshopper Falls, Kan., 1859-61; teacher in Williston Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., 1861; at Utica, N. Y., 1862-65; professor of Latin, Ripon College, Wis., 1865-67; associate editor New York Independent, 1868-70; has been superintending editor since 1870. He was director of the Wolfe expedition to Babylonia, 1884— 85. He is the one authority on Assyrian, Babylonian, and Hittite seals. He edited (with Mrs. Lanier) Sidney Lanier’s Poems (New York, 1884); has written a description of the seals in the J. P. Morgan collection (privately printed, New York, 1909); and The Seal Cylinders of Western Asia, published by the Carnegie Institution, Washington, D. C., 1910.
WARDLAW, RALPH: Scotch Congregationalist; b. at Dalkeith (6 m. s.e. of Edinburgh), Scotland, Dec. 22, 1779; d. at Haster-house, near Glasgow, Dec. 17, 1853. He was educated at the grammar-school at Glasgow, and matriculated at the university, 1791; entered the theological school in connection with the Associate Secession Church, beginning his studies at Selkirk in 1795; became a Congregationalist in 1800, joining the independent church in Glasgow; became pastor of the North Albian Street chapel of Glasgow, 1803; a larger chapel on West George Street was built in 1819, and Wardlaw continued to preach there till his death. From 1811 he was professor for many years
of systematic theology in the Glasgow Theological
Academy. He was prominent in Scotland as a
preacher, but his theological writings made him
even more widely known; they embrace, besides his sermons and lectures on the Bible, Discourses on the Nature and the Extent of the Atonement of Christ
(Glasgow, 1830); Christian Hthics, in the Congre-
gational Lecture (London, 1834); National Church
Establishment Examined . . . Lectures . . . in Lon-
don (1839); Memoir of the Rev. John Reid: compri-
sing Incidents of the Bellary Mission from 1830 to
1840 (Glasgow, 1845); The Headship of Christ, as
Affected by National Church Establishments: a Lec-
ture (1847); On Miracles (Edinburgh, 1852); Sys-
tematic Theology . . . ed. J. R. Campbell (8 vols.,
1856-57). J. S. Wardlaw edited his Posthumous
Works (8 vols., 1861-62).
BrsiioGRaPpHy: W. L. Alexander, Memoirs of the Life and Writings of R. Wardlaw, Edinburgh, 1856; DNB, lix. 353-354.
WARE, HENRY: One of the founders of Unitarianism in America; b. at Sherburne, Mass., Apr. . 1, 1764; d. at Cambridge July 12, 1845. He was graduated from Harvard College (1785); was pastor of the First Church, Hingham, Mass. (1787— 1805); was Hollis professor of divinity in Harvard College, 1805-16, and then in the divinity school, which was that year organized, until, in 1840, loss of sight compelled his resignation, though he continued to give instruction in pulpit eloquence till 1842. His significance historically, altogether apart from his own pleasing personality and scholarly attainments, lies in the fact that his election to the chair of divinity evoked a controversy which led to the separation of Unitarians from Congregationalists. His election was opposed on the ground of his “liberal ”’ leanings, but the opposition was unsuccessful. The Rev. Dr. Jedediah Morse then published his True Reasons on which the Election of a Hollis Professor of Divinity was opposed at the Board of Overseers, which may be regarded as the commencement of the Unitarian controversy. Ware took no part in this controversy until 1820, when he wrote Letters to Trinitarians and Calvinists, occasioned by the Rev. Dr. Leonard Woods’s Letters to Unitarians (Andover, 1820). This involved him in a controversy with Dr. Woods. Dr. Ware also published An Inquiry into the Foundation, Evidences, and Truths of Religion (2 vols., Cambridge, 1842).
BrsitioGRAPHY: W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Unitarian Pulpit, pp. 199-205, New York, 1865; J. H. aoe in American Church History Series, x. 187 saq., ib. WARE, HENRY, JUN.: Unitarian, son of the
preceding; b. at Hingham, Mass., Apr. 21, 1794;
d. at Framingham, Mass., Sept. 22, 1843. He was
graduated from Harvard College (1812); taught at
Phillips Academy, Exeter (1812-14); took post-
graduate studies and acted as sublibrarian at Har-
vard (1814-16); was pastor of the Second Church in Boston (1817-30); and Parkman professor of pulpit eloquence in the divinity school at Cambridge,
1830-42. He edited The Christian Disciple, the
first Unitarian organ (1819-22); and published
Hints on Extemporaneous Preaching (1824), On the
Formation of the Christian Character (1831), and a
considerable number of poems and occasional ser-