PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 3
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 187,890 words · 436 reading sections
Paul’S Epistle To The Homans.
“to give subtilty to the simile, to the young man knowledge and dis- cretion. A WISE MAN WILL HEAR, AND WILL INCREASE LEARNING; AND A MAN OK UNDERSTANDING SHALL ATTAIN UNTO WISE COUNSELS.” — PROV. I. 4. 5. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2016 https ://archive.org/details/g'nomonofnewtesta03beng 1. nauXos, Pa…
318 wordsSECTION 2Romans I. 1.
2 fourteen of his epistles are extant, of which various is the arrange- ment, various the division. He wrote one to the Hebrews, with- out prefixing his name to it ; he added his name to the rest ; and these were partly addressed to churches, partly to indivi- duals ; and in the present day they are arranged in vo…
429 wordsSECTION 3Romans I. 2.
3 for the preceding clause, a servant of Jesus Christ , is now more particularly explained. It is the duty of an apostle , and of a called apostle , to write also to the Romans. [The whole world is cer- tainly under obligation to such a servant as this. — V. g.] The other apostles, indeed, had been trained by long…
424 wordsSECTION 4Homans I. 3, 4.
would 'publish that very fact to the whole world. Listen to it with the most profound attention. — V. g.] — ^pos^riyysiXaro, promised afore ) formerly, often, and solemnly. The truth of the promise, and the truth of its fulfilment, mutually confirm each other. — did ruv vpocprjrcov avrov , by His prophets) That whi…
488 wordsSECTION 5ROMANS r. 4.
5 epitasis. [See Append.] In many passages, where both na- tures of the Saviour are mentioned, the human nature is put first, because the divine was most distinctly proved to all, only after His resurrection from the dead. [ Hence it is , that it is frequently repeated , He, and not any other. Acts ix. 20, 22, et…
452 wordsSECTION 6Romans I. 4.
iii. 16; 1 Pet. iii. 18. And in these passages that is called Spirit , whatever belongs to Christ, independently of the flesh [ assumed through Ilis descent from David, Luke, i. 35. — V. g.], although that flesh was pure and holy ; also whatever superior to flesh belongs to Him, owing to His generation by the Fathe…
448 wordsSECTION 7Romans [. 5.
7 of all is intimately connected with the resurrection of Christ. Comp. Acts iv. 2, xxiii. 6, xxvi. 23. Artemonius conjectures that the reading should be eg dvaffrdffeug lx vexpuv. Part I., cap. 41, p. 214, etc., and this is his construction of the passage: m pi [ver. 3] s gat/a crd <reug lx vsxpuv rov uiov alrou …
447 wordsSECTION 8Romans I. G, 7.
the verse. So, Mary believing said, Behold , the handmaid of the Lord , Luke i. 38, 45 — sv crao'/ roTg sOvsav, among all nations') As all nations outwardly obey the authority of the Romans, so all nations, and so the Romans themselves also ought, with their whole heart, to be obedient to the faith — vnep rou hb^ar…
443 wordsSECTION 9Romans I. 7.
9 worden seyn , den Paulus vielmehr bestreitet und abgescliaffet oder aufgehoben zu seyn versichert.” 1 We answer : The privilege of the Israelite (although he who is called holy , is as highly blessed, as he who is the beloved of God ) is as appropriate to be mentioned in Paul’s introduction, as the npurov, ch. i…
456 wordsSECTION 10Romans I. 8, ?
God and Christ. Our confidence and prayers are directed to God, inasmuch as He is the Father of our Lord ; and to Jesus Christ, inasmuch as He makes us, through Himself, stand in the presence of the Father. 8. up urov, first) A next does not always follow; and in this passage, the affectionate feeling and emotion …
414 wordsSECTION 11Romans T. 10-12.
11 xi. 31. — Xarpevu, I serve), as an apostle, ch. xv. 16. The witness of Gocl resounds [is often appealed to] in spiritual service ; and he who serves God, desires and rejoices, that as many as possible should serve God, 2 Tim. i. 3. — v, mention of you) Paul was wont to make distinct and explicit mention of the…
439 wordsSECTION 12Romans I. 13, 14.
caution was taken [by Divine foresight] lest the Church of Rome should be the occasion of any mischief, which nevertheless arose in after-times. — v re xu7 efiov, both of you and me) He not only associates with himself the Romans, together with whom he longs to be comforted [or stirred up together with whom ], hut …
430 wordsSECTION 13Romans I. 15, 16.
13 15. Ovru, so), therefore. It is a sort of epiphonema [exclama- tion, which follows a train of reasoning], and a conclusion drawn from the whole to an important part. — ro xur ijn's), that is, so far as depends on me , or I for my part , so far as I am not prevented ; so Ezra vi. 11, xa/' 6 ohcog avrov ro xar sf…
444 wordsSECTION 14Romans I. 16.
II. The Subject stated [Propositio], with a Summary of its Proof. 1. Concerning Faith and Righteousness. 2. Concerning Salvation, or, in other words, Life. 3. Concerning u Every one that belie veth,” Jew and Greek, 16, 17. To these three divisions, of which the first is discussed from ch. i. 18 to ch. iv., the s…
284 wordsSECTION 15Romans I. 17.
15 Y. The Conclusion, xv. 14 ; xvi. 1, 3, 17, 21, 25. Iou5a/w, to the Jew) After the Babylonish captivity, all the Israelites, as Josephus informs us, were called Jews ; hence the Jew is opposed to the Greek. For a different reason, the Greek is opposed to the Barbarian ; ver 14. — Kpurov) concerning this particl…
416 wordsSECTION 16Romans I. 17.
16 the practice of virtue, and in the performance of good works, .Fames i. 20. That righteousness of faith is called the righteousness of God by Paul, when he is speaking of justification ; because God has originated and prepared it, reveals and bestows it, approves and crowns it with completion (comp. 2 Pet. i. 1…
448 wordsSECTION 17Romans I. 18.
17 a beautiful effect after ex, as a no and e/g, 2 Cor. iii. 18, concerning the purest glory. It is to avoid what might be disagreeable to his readers, that Paul does not yet expressly exclude works, of which, however, in this Statement of Subject [Proposition], an exclusion of some kind should otherwise have appe…
466 wordsSECTION 18Romans I. 19.
18 is Paul’s first argument : All are under sin ; and that the law shows ; therefore, no one is justified by the works of the law. The discussion of this point continues to the third chapter, ver. 20. From this he draws the inference, therefore [justifi- cation must he] by faith, ch. iii. 21, etc. — opyri ©sou, wr…
415 wordsSECTION 19Romans I. 20:
19- being known ; the objective knowledge of God] , not merely that He can be known. For, at ver. 21, lie says, yvovrsg, of the Gentiles [asserting thus, that they did know God]. — Plato b. 5. Polit. uses yvuffrov ill the same way; r'o fih ^avrsXug o'v, tfuvrs'kug yvaxrroV ^ oV bs /ArjSa/Aij, <7rdvrr) uyvcoffrov, …
429 wordsSECTION 20Romans I. 21, 22
His works, in a peculiar manner correspond to His several attributes [Isa. xl. 26] — sis rb) Paul not only speaks of some result ensuing, but directly takes away all excuse ; and this clause, sig ro , — is equivalent to a proposition, in relation to [to be handled more fully in] the following verses. Construe it wi…
434 wordsSECTION 212T
23/,HXXa£;ai', they changed), with the utmost folly, Ps. cvi. 20; Jer. ii. 11. The impiety being one and the same, and the punishment one and the same, have three successive stages. In the first, these words are the emphatic ones, viz., naphta, in ver. 21 ; naphiuv, in ver. 24 ; sho^a&av, and ho^av, and art/xa^sffO…
460 wordsSECTION 22Romans I. 25-27.
dnfidfytsOcu, to dishonour) Honour is its opposite, 1 Thess. iv. 4. Man ought not to debase himself, 1 Cor. vi. 13, etc. — b eavrd/g ,l among their ownselves ), by fornication, effeminacy, and other ’vices. They themselves furnish the materials of their own punishment, and are at the cost of it. How justly ! they ,…
407 wordsSECTION 23Romans I. 28, 29.
23 28. 'E^eiv to have) [or retain ] the antithesis is <7rapebw/cevj [God] gave them over : tyttv iv i<7nyvd<Kt1 to have [or retain] in knowledge , denotes more than emyivuurzetv, to know) [to be acquainted with]. Knowledge was not altogether wanting to them ; but they did not so far profit in the possession of it,…
468 wordsSECTION 24Romans I. 30-32.
vicious disposition, which prevents a man from conferring any good on another. — KXsovefya denotes avarice, properly so called, as we often find it in the writings of Paul : otherwise [were ^rAeovgJ/a not taken in the sense avarice ] this sin would be blamed by him rather rarely. But he usually joins it with impuri…
377 wordsSECTION 25Romans I. 32.
25 For whilst He punishes the guilty with death, He Himself is justified [is manifested as just]. This Royal rule is acknowledged even among the Gentiles. — on) viz. that. — npa<s<sovng' <7rpu<s<sov<n) [those that commit or practise.'] This verb, which is repeated after the interposition of cro/oD<r/i/ [Jo], accur…
346 wordsSECTION 26Chaptek Ii.
1. Aio, wherefore). Paul passes from the Gentiles to the Jews, as the whole of the following discourse clearly shows ; and yet he does not use the transitive, but the illative particle, of which two the latter, as being the more powerful, absorbs the former. The Gentile does evil ; the Jew does evil. Then in the 6t…
391 wordsSECTION 27Romans Ii. 2-5.
27 2. 0/'da,tt£i/) we know ; without thy teaching, O man, that judgest [we know]. — to zpt[ia tou OeoZ, the judgment of God); not thine, thou that exceptest thyself. — %ard akrjktav) according to the truth of the highest kind, without distinction ; just as His judgment is called bizouov, righteous , at ver. 5, 6, …
404 wordsSECTION 28Romans Ii. 6.
Matt, xviii. 24 ; 1 Tim. vi. 18. — asaurf) for thyself not for the other, whom thou judgest. — opyr\v — bpyqg, wrath — of wrath) The idea of A stubrr\g [vehemence] of language is here conveyed with great force. Why is it, that many have no sense of wrath? [Because] The day of wrath is not yet ; but it shall be. — s…
449 wordsSECTION 29Romans Ii. 7, 8.
20 This saying, and especially that below, ver. 11, is often quoted. — an o duffs i, will render) not only will give , but will repay. [See that you make this the rule of your plans. — Y. g.] — xara, accord- ing to) Paul describes those, who shall obtain either life or death, generally, and according to the condit…
428 wordsSECTION 30Romans Ii. 9, 10.
of b prefixed, and signifies as concerns. Comp. ch. iv. 12, notes. Accordingly there follows, with great propriety, Inti nut av ; for we have also, Ex. XX. 5, Wl r'sxva,j Ire) rptrriv xal rerdpryjv yzvsGiv, rug piGoini'i /xs, upon the children , upon the third and fourth genera- tion, as concerns them that hate me.…
437 wordsSECTION 31Romans Ii. 12.
31 in the Divine good pleasure ; honour , originating in the reward bestowed by God ; and peace , for the present and for ever. For the d's, but , expresses the opposition between wrath , and glory ; indignation , and honour; affliction and anxiety [ tribulation and anguisli], and peace. Comp. ch. iii. 17, 16, of …
420 wordsSECTION 32Romans Ii. 13, 14.
without law , as he presently after says aptly, they shall he judged by law. — ev vg/au)) [in, or] with the law, not, [as the heathen], dvofiug, without law, i.e. since they had the law. — bid vo/j.ov, by the law ) ch. iii. 20. 13. O u yap, for not) A Proposition [Statementof Subject] clearly standing forth, the w…
436 wordsSECTION 33Romans Ii. 15.
33 \ is no man, who does not fulfil some of the requirements of the law (ex ruv roD vo/aou). He did not choose to say edvixoi , which is usually taken rather in a bad sense. — / ir\ vo/tov voyov fiy, — not the law : the law not) Not even here is the change in the arrange- ment of the words without a reason ; in t…
472 wordsSECTION 34Romans Ii 16.
34 the work of the law), the law itself, with its practical [active] operation. It is opposed to the letter, which is but an accident [not its essence]. — ypunrbv, written ), a noun, not a participle, much less an infinitive [to he written ]. Paul, by way of con- trast, alludes to the tables of Moses. This writing…
442 wordsSECTION 35Romans Ii. 17.
35 men will be manifest, having also joined with it some defence of upright acts, although the man be condemned [fall] in the judgment , himself being his own accuser, on account of other offences. And that circumstance implies, as a consequence, [infers] (reasoning, from the greater to the less, i. e., from the f…
413 wordsSECTION 36Romans Ii. 18-20.
respect to the Jews, concedes less. After if \ oh , therefore [ver. 21], follows, like dXku, but, (ch. vi. 5)1 and de, truly Acts xi. 17. 2 — Comp. Matt. xxv. 27. Moreover, the oh, therefore , in a subse- quent verse (ver. 21), brings to a conclusion the somewhat long protasis, which begins with s/, if. — 'lovdaTog…
433 wordsSECTION 37Romans Ii. 21-26.
37 line. — tt]c yvojaewg xa i r/jg dXriOeiag, of knowledge and of the truth ) a Ilendiadys ; the truth in this passage expresses accuracy in esta- blished doctrine, in our days called orthodoxy. 21. Oj diddaxeig, dost thou not teach) a Metonymy for the con- sequent (that is, substituting the antecedent for the con…
412 wordsSECTION 38Chapter Iii.
27. K g/vit, shall judge ) Those, whom thou now judgest, will in their turn judge thee at the day of judgment, ver. 16. Matt, xii. 41 ; 1 Cor. vi. 2, 3. — reXoutra, keeping (if it fulfil) : a word of large meaning. Therefore id v, if \ ver. 26, has a conditional meaning, and does not positively assert. — <r'e, thee…
355 wordsSECTION 39Romans Iii. 2, 3.
39 point is taken up at ver. 2. — wpeXs/a rr\g mpiro^rig, the profit of circumcision) See on this subject ch. ii. 25. 2. n o\v, much) In the neuter gender; supply KspiMov. It rather refers to the concrete, concerning the Jew, than to the abstract, concerning circumcision, ver. 1 ; this will be treated of at ch. i…
423 wordsSECTION 40Romans Iii. 4.
[unbelieving] ; it remains, chiefly in respect of believers. They who deny universal grace, have but little [perception or] know- ledge of the faithfulness of God in respect to unbelievers. With respect even to the reprobate, the antecedent will of God ought, indeed, to be held as of great account ; for what they h…
423 wordsSECTION 41Romans Iii. 5, 6.
41 In this passage, it is said of a judicial victory, which cannot but come to God [i.e. God is sure to be the victor]. — h roTg Xoyoig <rou) Iiebr. TO*n, in which one passage “O'! occurs in Kal, without the participle, that is, when thou beginnest to speak , and judicially to answer man, who accuses thee, or to p…
445 wordsSECTION 42Romans Iii. 7, 8.
justly in this one particular case. [Vice versa] The conclusion is, in its turn, drawn from the greater to the less at 1 Cor. vi. 2. — rbv xbff/xov, the world ) For even the unrighteousness of the whole world (which is put in opposition to the Jews, at ch. xi. 12), commends the righteousness of God; and yet God pro…
433 wordsSECTION 43Romans Iii. 9, 10.
43 that we ought to do evil, in order that good may come. — to zpt/xa) the judgment , which these unprincipled men endeavour to escape by a subterfuge, as unjust [unrighteous], will peculiarly [in an especial degree] overtake them — hdncov, just) Thus Paul re- moves to as great a distance as possible that conclusi…
415 wordsSECTION 44Romans Iii. 11-17.
righteous ; the parts follow : the dispositions and pursuits, ver. 11, 12 ; the con versation, ver. 13, 14 ; the actions, ver. 15, 16, 17 ; the general demeanour, (gestus et nutus), ver. 18. — bixaiog, righte- ous) a suitable word in a discourse on righteousness. — ovbz s7g, not even one) who can except any one her…
419 wordsSECTION 45Romans Iii. 18-20.
45 18. Oux avruv) SO the LXX., Ps. xxxvi. 2, oux — uvrovg — <p6(3og , fear), not to say love, of which man in his natural state knows much less. Of several passages, in which human depravity is expressed, either in the complaint of God and of the saints, or else in the confessions of the penitent, Paul has written…
417 wordsSECTION 46Romans Iii. 20.
us [is not obligatory] on the same principle [grounds] as it was [when] given by Moses. In the New Testament we have abso- lutely no works of the law without [independently of] grace ; for the law confers no strength. It is not without good reason, that Paul, when he mentions works , so often adds, of the law ; fo…
424 wordsSECTION 47Romans Iii. 21-23.
47 [remission], and in the words, by which it is implied, dyid^u, to sanctify , a-roXouw, to wash away , xuOapt^o*, to purify , etc., 1 Cor. vi. 11, notes; Ps. ciii. 3; Mic. vii. 18, etc. And this pregnant [suggestive] signification itself of the verb to justify , implying the whole of the divine benefit, by which…
447 wordsSECTION 48Romans Iii. 24.
and come short) From the past tense, have sinned , flows this present, come short , and by this word the whole peculiar advan- tage [ver. 1] of the Jews, and all the boasting of all flesh, are taken away ; the former is a thing done [past], and the latter is a thing now established ; each of them [jpaprov and vffrs…
460 wordsSECTION 49Romans Iii. 25.
49 redemption from sin and misery. Atonement [expiation] or pro- pitiation (iXafffjjbg) and u<xoXvrpu<sig, redemption , are fundamentally one single benefit and no more, namely, the restoration of the lost sinner. This is an exceedingly commensurate and pure idea, and adequately corresponds to the name Jesus. Rede…
409 wordsSECTION 50Romans Iii. 25.
50 [demonstration], declaration ) Comp, notes at ch. i. 17. — d/d rr\v irdpiGiv, for [Engl. Vers.] the pretermission [passing by]) Paul, in the Acts, and epistles to Ephesians, Colossians, and Hebrews, along with the other apostles, often uses atpttiv, remission : None but he alone, and in this single passage, use…
429 wordsSECTION 51Romans Iii. 26, 27.
51 justice [righteousness]. — ‘xpoyeyovoruvy of sins^ which had been committed , before atonement was made for them by the blood of Christ. Comp, again Heb. ix. 15. 26. [ver. 25, Engl. Vers.] ’Ey, in marks the time of forbearance [but Engl. Vers., through]. The antithesis [to that, the time of forbearance ] is, i…
426 wordsSECTION 52Romans Iii. 28.
is due, ch. x. 3. [They have not submitted themselves to the righteousness of God]. 28. A oyi£6/As6a yap) yap for oh, in this sense : So far as regards these things ; for we wished to set it forth as fully proved, that it is by faith , etc. Most copies read oh,1 but it seems to have been repeated from ver. 27, and…
389 wordsSECTION 53Romans Iii. 29-81.
53 29. N ai xai sdvuv, yea also of the Gentiles [although they are without the law. — Y. g.], as nature teaches, and the Old Tes- tament prophecies. 30. Ecrg/Vsf,1 seeing that indeed ) The inference is : if justifi- cation be by the law, then the Gentiles, who are without the law, cannot be justified ; and yet th…
416 wordsSECTION 54Chapter Iv.
1. T/ *ouv, what then) He proves from the example of Abraham ; 1, That justification is of grace [gratuitous] ; 2, That it has been provided for the Gentiles also, ver. 9. — r'ov v are pa our father) [This, viz., his being our father , constitutes] the foundation of the consequence derived from Abraham to us. — ev…
371 wordsSECTION 55Romans Iv. 3-5.
55 He was not justified by works before God, and therefore, he has no ground of boasting before God ; but both [hold good of him] ac- cording to the flesh. 3. Tap, for) This word is to be referred to but not. — v\ ypoapii, the Scripture ) The word Scripture is elegantly used. Moses does not speak in this passage,…
453 wordsSECTION 56Romans Iv. 6.
very ancient translator1 of the Scriptures into Latin has this clause ; following him, Hilarius, the deacon ; then the scholiast on J erome, etc. Beza acknowledges that it is exceedingly suit- able ; for there is a manifest antithesis between, not according to grace , but according to debt [ver. 4] etc., according …
418 wordsSECTION 57Romans Iv. 7-12.
57 Lord hath not imputed sin : blessed is he, and in his spirit there is no guile ; that is, he is sure of his condition, of the forgive- ness of his sins ; he may have good confidence ; his spirit , his heart does not deceive him, so as to become, as it were, a n^p nw, a deceitful bow , Ps. lxxviii. 57. The act o…
429 wordsSECTION 58Romans Iv. 13, 14.
particle, n. 30, 10, 15, 19, 22. Generally, it implies as to [as regards, in relation to] ; so ro/g, 1 John v. 16 ; Luke i. 50, 55. LXX. 1 Chron. xiii. 1 : (terd, ruv dpyfvrm xrX. Travrl jjyou/Agi/w, add to these passages 2 Chron. xxxi. 2, 16 ; Num. xxix. 4. — obx — fiovov) Abraham, therefore, is not the father of …
445 wordsSECTION 59Romans Iv. 15-17.
59 fulness, it is therefore said, on the opposite side, to be made void , to be of no effect. — <? r'nsng — s<7rayysXia, faith — the promise ) words correlative : and they are appropriately put in retrograde order [comp. ver. 13] in an argument like the present, wherein is shown the absurdity which would flow from…
423 wordsSECTION 60Romans Iv. 18-23.
18-21. *Og, who) Paul shows, that the faith, to which justi- fication is ascribed, is no frail thing, but an extraordinary power. 18. ria^’ iXvrlda W hXffiht I'Tr/ffrsufcv, past [against] hope believed in hope) We lay hold of one and the same object both by faith and by hope ; by faith , as a thing, which is truth…
378 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1859); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.