PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 3
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 187,890 words · 436 reading sections
Romans Iv. 24. V. 1.
fil 24. ’Eyelpavrci) Him , who raised up) Comp. v. 17, quickening the dead . The faith of Abraham was directed to that, which was about to be, and which could come to pass, ours to that which has actually taken place ; the faith of both, is directed to the Quickener [Him, who makes alive]. Uapsdodrij was delivere…
262 wordsSECTION 62Romans V. 2-4.
1. AncaiwOevrzg oh bt cr/Vrswg, therefore being justified by faith) This clause is a recapitulation of the preceding reasonings ; comp. justification , ch. iv. 25. — g ipww, peace) we are no longer enemies , ver. 10, nor do we fear wrath , ver. 9, we have peace and we glory , which is the principal topic of Chapter…
534 wordsSECTION 63Romans V. 5, 6.
63 Rev. iii. 10 .—iXm'da, hope ) to which our attention is directed at the end of ver. 2. The discourse returns in a circle [revert- ing to hope , from which he started in ver. 2] ; and it is to this whole [i.e., from rejoice , in ver. 2, to maketh not ashamed , ver. 5] that the Aetiology1 [reason assigned by the"…
425 wordsSECTION 64Romans V. 7.
The ungodly A ^ ;te of wh re_ ( Good men. f\r\ nr\ /l/v» O V. ' ) ' / ^ A « Sinners , Enemies , spectively, are ■l The righteous. I The reconciled. See on the powerlessness and on the strength of glorying [i.e., the powerlessness of the ungodly, and the strength of glorying of the righteous] Ps. lxviii. 2, and…
440 wordsSECTION 65Romans V. 7.
65 article so placed, makes a climax. Every good man is right- eous ; but every righteous man is not good. Gregory Thau- maturgus ; mpi koXXov xa/ TOT ku vrog. Chrysostom ; [uxpd raura xa/ TO firidevj those things of little importance , and that which is of no importance whatever. The Hebrews call a man pH¥, who …
439 wordsSECTION 66Romans V. 8-11.
66 8. Sw/Vnjff/) commends ; a most elegant expression. Persons are usually [commended] recommended to us, who were pre- viously unknown to us or were aliens [strangers]. Comp. He descended into the midst [He stooped down to interpose between us and Himself '] (e/xsffirzvte) Heb. vi. 17. — d'e , but ) This com- pa…
406 wordsSECTION 67Romans V. 12*.
or reconciliation. Glorying as to love, which means something more [than merely reconciliation ] follows upon the reconciliation and deliverance from wrath.1 12. A/d wherefore) This has regard to the whole of the preceding discussion, from which the apostle draws these con- clusions concerning sin and righteousne…
418 wordsSECTION 68Romans V. 13.
is never mentioned. 2. What has Satan to do with the grace of Christ % — i] d/uapria — 6 Qdvarog , sin — death ) These are two distinct evils, which Paul discusses successively at very great length. — tig rbv xoff/uov) into this world , which denotes the human race — ei<rvj\6 s, entered ) began to exist in the worl…
461 wordsSECTION 69Romans V. 14.
account, not even into the Divine account, in the absence of the law. — Comp. iwbyu, impute , or put it to my account , Philem. v. 18, note. Sin therefore does not denote notorious crimes, such as those, for which the inhabitants of Sodom were punished before the time of Moses, but the common evil. Chrysostom on t…
452 wordsSECTION 70Romans V. 14.
reckoned, they are spoken of as those , who had not sinned : but Adam is spoken of as the one who sinned , ver. 16. Observe, if these seven precepts of Noah, were what they are said to be, Paul would have described those who had not sinned , from Adam to Noah, not to Moses. — o/io/w/tar/, in the likeness ) As Adam,…
462 wordsSECTION 71Romans V. 15.
71 because all are justified. And at ver. 14, All shall reign in life, after the similitude of Christ , who has rendered all obedience ; although those who thus reign have not by themselves fulfilled all righteousness [answering to the words 66 even over them, ’’etc., and 4 nevertheless’ in ver. 14.] Again Chrysos…
440 wordsSECTION 72Romans V. 15.
he has previously stated this difference, in the way of npofcpa- 'ireta [see Appendix ; Anticipatory , precaution against misunder- standing], he introduces and follows up by protasis and apodosis the comparison itself, viewed in the relation of effect, ver. 18, and in the relation of cause, ver. 19. — r'o 'ituparr…
471 wordsSECTION 73Romans V. 16, 17.
73 dered himself unworthy of the name of man ; or the name of man is scarcely sufficiently worthy of Christ. Moreover, Christ is generally denominated from His human nature, when the question is about bringing men to God, Heb. ii. 6, etc. : from His Divine nature, when the subject under discussion is the coming o…
464 wordsSECTION 74Romans V. 18.
ver. 20. Abundance of grace, is put in opposition to the one offence. — Xa^(3uvovrsgy receiving ) Au/j,(3dt,veiv may be rendered either as a neuter-passive verb, empfangen , erlang en, kriegen to receive, to acquire, to get; or actively, annehmen , to take. The former is the better sense ; still the relation to dup…
433 wordsSECTION 75D.
75 The following scheme exhibits the exquisite propriety of the terms : — Ver. 16. xpi/xay xaraxpifjjcr^ yfipusiict, 8ixu!ojfia,j judgment, condemnation, free gift, righteousness. c. Ver. 18. <7rapd<7rrw[/jCi) xctrdxpificf) hixaiM/xa^ offence. condemnation. righteousness. hixa/uffig $j£, justification of l…
334 wordsSECTION 76Romans V. 20.
atonement of Christ could not have been called obedience; it is for this reason He is so often praised as, blameless. — xaraffruOriffovrai, shall be constituted ) It is one thing for a man to be constituted righteous, even where imputation is spoken of \ it is another thing to be justified, since the former exists …
443 wordsSECTION 77Chapter Vi.
77 ffeuffe, superabounded [ did much more abound~\ A third party con- quering the conqueror of the conquered is superior to both : sin conquered man : grace conquers sin ; therefore the power of grace is greatest. 21. ’Ei/ rip Ouvaruj — hg in death — unto life) The diffe- rence is here exemplified between the par…
333 wordsSECTION 78Romans Vi. 4, 5.
ever ) [as many soever]. No one of the Christians was by that time unbaptized. — i/3a«rr/<r0fy uev, were baptized) The mentioning of Baptism is extremely well suited to this place ; for the adult, being a worthy candidate for Baptism, must have passed through the experience of these things, which the apostle has hi…
450 wordsSECTION 79Romans Vi. 6-10.
79 Hesychius has Gv/upvTov, Gv/xrropevofxsvov, guvov, and so cv/x<pvr / with the dative is a word very significant ; comp. ver. 4, 6. Cluverus translates it, engendered together [connaturati, endowed with the same nature together ] grown together \) All spiritually quickening power is in Christ, and that power has…
416 wordsSECTION 80Romans Vi. 11-13.
passage than aVag. So Ileb. vii. 27, and aVa£, 1 Pet. iii. 18. — Qi rp ©£&) He lives to God , a glorious life derived from God, ver. 4 [raised up — by the glory of the Father] full of divine vigour, lasting for ever. For God is the God of the living. 11. A oyifyffOe, you reckon) The indicative; for the imperative …
445 wordsSECTION 81Romans Vi. 14-17.
81 duties. Man, who is dead in sin, could not, with propriety, be said to yield himself [Sistere seipsum, to present himself ’] to sin : but the man, who is alive, may yield [present] himself to God. — o-rAa, arms) [ instruments ] a figurative expression, derived from war, as wages , ver. 23. — a<5/x/ag, of unrigh…
404 wordsSECTION 82Romans Vi. 17.
82 sentiment, God be thanked , that though ye were the servants of sin , ye have now obeyed righteousness. This mode, however, in this place, implies this also, that this is the blessed state of the Romans, which they ought by all means to maintain. This observation will clearly bring out the meaning of the apostl…
429 wordsSECTION 83Romans Vi. 18.
83 18. *E\euQzpuOevres, being made free) It will be of use to have this connected view of the plan of the apostle, up to the point which it has now reached : — ^ I. Sin, .... Ch. iii. 9. II. The perception [the coming to “the knowledge”]’ of sin from the law ; the sense of wrath ; internal [spiritual] death , .…
282 wordsSECTION 84Romans Vi. 19, 20.
duces very conspicuous and prominent [standing out palpable] effects.; comp. [God] bare them witness [giving them the Holy Ghost] Acts xv. 8. Farther, the surpassing excellence of these fruits, most effectually proves the worthlessness of men’s works. 19. *A vOptotfmvy after the manner of men) Language after the …
418 wordsSECTION 85Romans Vi. 21, 22;
85 21. Ttva ouv xapnov s 7%ere rort, gp oTg vDv WanSyjmcbi) This whole period has the force of a negative interrogation. He says, that the righteous have their fruit unto holiness ; but he does not consider those things which are c unfruitful’ [axapcra] worthy of the name of fruit. — Epli. v. 11. He says, therefor…
450 wordsSECTION 86CHAPTER Vn.
Amos ii. 11, lxx, eig ayiatpov ; Engl. Vers, has Naza- rites. 23. T a, rb) The mark of the subject. — d^uv/a — ^ap/o^a, wages — gift) Bad works earn their own proper pay; not so, good works ; for the former obtain wages, the latter a gift : b^&via, wages , in the plural : yapnsiia, a gift , in the singular, with a…
323 wordsSECTION 87Romans Vii. 2-6,
87 is here said, depends on the nature of the things related, which are the law and man. When either party dies, the other is considered to be dead. Thus the protasis and apodosis cohere. 2. "rvavdpog) So the lxx. — dedsrai, is bound ) It may be con- strued with to her husband , and with by [to] the law. — rov vop…
450 wordsSECTION 88Romans Vii. 7.
sive term ; comp. avvszXsnjs , ch. xi. 32, etppovpov/A sOa, Gal. iii. 23. — sv Ttcuvorriri mev/uctrog, zai ov •7raXcci6rrin ypa^arog, in newness of spirit , and not in the oldness of the letter ) We have the same anti- thesis, ch. ii. 29 ; 2 Cor. iii. 6. The letter is not the law con- sidered in itself, inasmuch as…
415 wordsSECTION 89Romans Vii. 8, 9.
89 degree is denied, is expressive of increase.1 A/jjupria, sin , is as it were sinful matter, from which all manner of [The all taken from naffuv exiQvfita, v, ver. 8] disease and paroxysm of concupis- cence [ver. 8] originates. — oux syvuv, I had not known) Paul often sets forth his discourse indefinitely in the…
457 wordsSECTION 90Romans Vii. 10-13.
compulsory power, which restrains, enjoins, urges, prohibits, threatens. — avefyezv, revived) just as [even as] it had been alive, when it had entered into the world by Adam. 10. An'eQavov, I died ) I lost that life, which I [fancied that I] had. — evpsdt j, was found) So zvfnsxoi, I find , ver. 21. — zig fyriv, to…
422 wordsSECTION 91Romans Vii. 14.
91 death, the grestest evil : xurepyafypevri, working [ death in me\. — aXXd ij a/xapr/a, but sin) namely, was made death to me ; for the participle xurepyafy/ievri, working , without the substantive verb, does not constitute the predicate. — ha pavy dfiapria, that it might appear sin) Ploce1 : sin, [which, as opp…
442 wordsSECTION 92Romans Vii. 14.
and to show the function of the law in this matter : this, I say, he does, ver. 7-25, until at ch. viii. 1, he proceeds to the topics, which are ulterior to these. Therefore in this 14th verse the particle for does not permit any leap at all, much less does the subject itself allow so great a leap to be made from t…
456 wordsSECTION 93Romans Vii. 15, 16.
93 with the enemy , even till their deliverance is fully accomplished , ver. 24, ch. viii. 23, V. g.] — mvpafiivog, sold) A man, sold to be a slave, is more wretched, than he who was born in that condition, and he is said to be a man sold, because he was not originally a slave. The same word occurs in Judg. iii. 8…
438 wordsSECTION 94Romans Vii. 17-21.
its legality, is beautiful : %a\bg, beautiful , suggests holiness, justice, and goodness, ver. 12. 17. Oux tr/j no longer) These words are repeated, ver. 20. — oixouda, dwelling) ver. 18, 20. This word is afterwards used con- cerning the Spirit, ch. viii. 9. 18. old a, I know) This very knowledge is a part of this…
420 wordsSECTION 95Romans Vii. 22-24.
95 person willing, viz. me,1 in antithesis to the second \_with~] me, which presently after occurs absolutely. With the words, for, or to me willing, comp. Phil. ii. 13. — on, because) [But Engl. Vers. I find a law, that, when I would do good, evil is present with me]. — ‘Tapuxzirai, lies near, ps present with me]…
463 wordsSECTION 96Romans Vii. 25.
96 after that henceforth convinced, that he has no help in him- self, he begins, so to speak, unknowingly to pray, who shall deliver me ? and he seeks deliverance and waits, until God shows Ilimself openly in Christ, in answer to that who. This marks the very moment of mystical death } Believers to a certain exte…
436 wordsSECTION 97Chapter Viii.
97 1. Ovbev apcc vvv xaruxpipcu, There is therefore now no condem- nation) The apostle comes now to deliverance and liberty. Moreover he does not employ the adversative be, hut ; he uses the conclusive apcc, therefore , comp, on ch. ii. 1 ; because at the end of ch. vii. he had already reached the confines of this…
381 wordsSECTION 98Romans Viii. 2, 3.
Gr 98 dXXu zara, but according to or after the spirit , ver. 4, note. 2. N o'(ao s roD rrvsvfiarog) the law of the spirit , the Gospel in- scribed on the heart ; comp. ch. iii. 27 ; 2 Cor. iii. 8. The spirit makes alive, and this life invigorates [vegetat] the Christian. — YjXivdspuGs /4,s, hath made me free) a …
445 wordsSECTION 99ROMANS Till. 4.
99 His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh]. We, along with our flesh, utterly tainted as it was with sin, ought to have been consigned to death ; but God , in the likeness of that flesh (for justice required the likeness), that is, in the flesh of His own Son, which was real and at the same time holy, and (th…
473 wordsSECTION 100Romans Viii. 5-9.
sequent fruits of his justification] : sin is condemned, he who had been a sinner, now acts rightly, and the law does not prosecute its claims against him. — ev ijfiTv) in us. — /j,yi Tiara ca pud, not after the flesh ) an antithesis to, in the flesh , ver. 3. Now at length Paul has come to the open distinction bet…
450 wordsSECTION 101Romans Viii. 10, 11.
101 of God ” in this verse, and Christ in you — [ the Spirit is life ] ver. 10, to “the Spirit of Christ” in this verse. For the distinctive marks \_Gnorismata of the Christian] proceed in this order : He who has the Spirit, has Christ ; he who has Christ, has God. — Comp, respecting such an order as this, 1 Cor. …
439 wordsSECTION 102Romans Viii. 12-14.
12. ’Ecyxb) we are , we acknowledge and consider ourselves to be. A kind of teaching, which borders on exhortation ; (so, we are , is also used in Gal. iv. 31) and which presupposes men al- ready of their own accord well inclined. A feeling of delight [see ch. vii. 22] mitigates the sense of debt. [ But what is the…
462 wordsSECTION 103Romans Viii. 15, 16.
103 or viol eiffi Qeov. There are thus three readings, of which Baum- garten defends the first, I the second, which is supported by the third, inasmuch as the word vioi is placed first for the sake of emphasis ; and it was the emphasis that induced me to touch upon this variety in the readings.1 — viol sons ) The …
456 wordsSECTION 104Romans Viii. 17-19.
and therefore its testimony is in itself not infallible , Mai. ii. 16.— Y. g.] Blessed are they, who distinctly perceive this testimony. — ctvrb rb has reference to ver. 14. 17. 'Zu'yxXyipovofjjoi) joint-heirs) that we may know, that it is a very great inheritance, which God gives to us : for He has assuredly give…
386 wordsSECTION 105Romans Viii. 20-21.
105 exception is intended (as xr/V/xa in Macarius everywhere denotes the visible creation [creaturam], Homil. vi. § 5, etc.), and every kind of creature according to its condition (captu) [ver. 39, i. 25]. As every creature stands in its relation to the sons of God, so, in this passage, the things predicated of th…
427 wordsSECTION 106Romans Viii. 22, 23.
liberty) ’a rrh, from , and g/’s, are opposed to each other. From denotes the point, from which we set out ; into, the point at which we arrive. Bondage and liberty belong to the creature ; corruption and glory to men, even believers [the latter, glory to believers alone : the former, corruption , to men in general…
420 wordsSECTION 107Romans Viii. 24—26
107 into all creatures , Ps. cxxxix. 7, a passage, from which the groaning of the creature is distinctly explained. The sons of God are said to have the first fruits , so long as they are in the way [whilst as yet they have not reached the end, when they shall have full fruition]. They who possess the first fruits…
426 wordsSECTION 108Romans Viii. 27.
Xapi(3dvsrai) <ruv has the same force in this compound as in <sv[i~ fiaprupe?, ver. 16, [i.e., along with us]. — raTg dshvsiatg) infirmities , which exist in our knowledge and in our prayers ; the abstract for the concrete, infirmities , that is our prayers , which are in themselves infirm. — yap, for ) Paul explai…
434 wordsSECTION 109Romans Viii. 28, 29.
109 beginning of the clause. — vdep uyiuv, for saints ) The article is not added ; they are saints , who are both near to God , and are deemed worthy of assistance, being those for whom [the Spirit] makes intercession . 28. O’ibufizv fis, Moreover we know ) An antithesis to, we know not , ver. 26. — roT; dyunuffi…
421 wordsSECTION 110Romans Viii. 30.
(npoyvutuc and vpoopnr/nos), ver. 28—30 ; Eph. i. 9, where how- ever O'sXri^a, Ilis willy is in a more extensive sense, than predes- tination, and assuredly predestination accompanies foreknowledge , for foreknowledge takes away rejection or reprobation [ casting away\ : ch. xi. 2. Moreover reprobation [casting awa…
423 wordsSECTION 111Romans Viii. 31 .
Ill from the goal to the race of faith, and from eternal glory, as it were, backward to the eternity itself, in which God decreed the glorifying of His people. — \_Comp. Ps. xvi. 3.] 31. n p'og raura) to [as regards] these things , which have been spoken of in chapters iii. v. viii. : that is to say, we cannot go,…
439 wordsSECTION 112Romans Viii. 32.
elect on account of those sins committed by them. And the how and who are thus combined in one and the same section, but there is also a double relation, 1.) God did not spare His own Son. Therefore, He will also forgive us with Him all things. 2.) He delivered Him up for us all. Therefore, no one shall lay any- t…
475 wordsSECTION 113Romans Viii. 33, 34.
113 are found without any mention of its universality, for instance, 1 Tim. i. 15, 16: whereas its universality is subsequently com- mended for the purpose of stimulating to the farther discharge of duties, ib. ii. 1, etc. — <*a.peduxe) delivered up. So lxx., Isa. liii. 6. — xa / (Sitv a vrtiy with Himself also) x…
391 wordsSECTION 114Romans Viii. 35.
114 things contrary, ver. 35, 38, 39, corresponds to these four weighty turning points of his argument. In ver. 35, the former are lighter and less considerable [than in ver. 38], and may be all referred to [reduced to the one head, viz.] death , ver. 38, inasmuch as they are, as it were, previous tendencies towar…
446 wordsSECTION 115Romans Viii. 3G-38.
115 sometimes threatened, ch. xvi. 4; Phil. ii. 17, note. Many martyrs, who survived other tortures, were despatched with the sword, srsXsiuidrimv [consummati sunt]. 36. Kadwg, as) He gives the reason, why he enumerates in the preceding verse so many trials. — on — ccpay rig) So the LXX., Ps. xliv. 23. Both the c…
403 wordsSECTION 116;110Mans Viii. 38.
Hence we have an illustration of the order of the words. For the enumeration moves in pairs ; neither death nor life ; nor things present , nor things to come. The other two pairs are subjoined by chiasmus nor power [1], nor height [2], nor depth [3], nor any other [4] creature ; [the first referring to the fourth…
415 wordsSECTION 117Romans Viii. 39)
< affliction, etc., ver. 35 : likewise length of life, tranquillity, and all living men [as opposed to angels]. None of these things shall be hurtful, comp. 1 Cor. iii. 22 [in ver. 21 men are in- cluded].— uyyiXoi, angels) The mention of angels is made, after the implied mention of men, in the way of gradation ; 1…
437 wordsSECTION 118Romans Viii. 39.
differences of places. We do not know, the number, magnitude, and variety of things, comprehended in these words, and yet we do not fear them. Height here, in sublime style, is used for heaven ; depth for the abyss ; with which comp. ch. x. 6, 7 ; Eph. iv. 8, 9, 10, that is, neither the arduous and high ascents, n…
372 wordsSECTION 119Chapter Ix.
119 1. ' A\r)6e/ccvy truth) Concerning the connexion, see on ch. i. 16, note. The article is not added here ; comp. 2 Cor. vii. 14, xi. 10, because his reference is not to the whole truth, but to something true in particular [a particular truth], and in this sense also aX^s/a/ in the plural is used in Ps. xii. 2, …
385 wordsSECTION 120Romans Ix. 3.
of those souls always to elicit from themselves such a prayer as this. If the soul be not far advanced, it is incapable of [cannot comprehend] this. It is not easy to estimate the measure of love, in a Moses and a Paul. For the narrow boundary of our reasoning powers does not comprehend it ; as the little child is …
448 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1859); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.