PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 5
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 237,321 words · 484 reading sections
2 Peter Ii. 4.
punishment of the ungodly is fully described before the mention of their wicked deeds. — eWaXa/) as it were from of old , from the fall of the angels. — ovx dpyzT) is not inactive ; that is, is altogether vigor- ous. It is one and the same judgment which hangs over all sin- ners, and which is revolved in the mind o…
472 wordsSECTION 1222 Peter Ii. 5-10.
97 walk even beyond the place of his captivity. Step by step, there- fore, the angels who have sinned, are given to Tartarus ( ruprupouvrcu ). — napsdwxsv, delivered) them; just as the judge delivers the prisoner to the officers. Compare Apoc. xx. 2. — sig xplav rripov/Aevovg, reserved unto judgment) tine judgment…
437 wordsSECTION 1232 Peter Ii. 10.
diately : presumptuous , etc . ; the former, pleasure , ver. 13. Each of the two subjects discussed has a nominative case and finite verb. There is a further reference to the same two subjects (heads) at ver. 18 : swelling : they entice. — nvpiorrirog zurucppovouvrccgy despising government) In this, which is the st…
482 wordsSECTION 1242 Peter Ii. 11-13.
99 have so very insignificant strength and power. — fiXaupyifiouvreg, speak- ing evil) Evil-speaking is their first crime ; the root of which is first mentioned, presumption , pride. So the other crime, uncleanness , ver. 14 ; the root of which is also first mentioned, luxury , ver. 13. 11. ”Oxov) where , used for…
437 wordsSECTION 1252 Peter Ii. 14-16.
(wThoi xai fiZjfioi) They are spots in themselves ; disgraces , which provoke others to blame the Church itself. As spots most shame- fully disfigure the brightest objects, so do these men disgrace your love-feasts. — evrpupuvreg) sporting themselves , so that they indulge themselves, and mock at others. The verb h…
459 wordsSECTION 1262 Peter Ii. 17, 18.
101 17. Our©/ eta, these are) From ver. 10 to 16 the character of false teachers has been described ; now their very plan of proceeding is described, which they use towards their disciples. — rrriyut, wells) A well and a cloud promise water : so these men boast vnspoyxu, great swelling words , as though they were …
465 wordsSECTION 1272 Peter Ii. 19-22.
Such haste is expressed in ver. 21 and 22, on account of which indeed the fool remains a fool, Prov. xxvi. 11, the dog a dog, the sow a sow. In«the Critical Apparatus it has accidentally happened that I have given less weight to the reading, oX/yug, than the mar- gin of the text and the arguments inclined me. 19. …
436 wordsSECTION 128Chapter Iii.
103 1. "h dri, now) Therefore he had lately written the former Epistle. The seven Canonical Epistles were written by the apostles shortly before their death. While they still remained alive, they had judged that it was less needful for them to write. — a %, in which) (plural). Syllepsis.1 The meaning is, in which …
432 wordsSECTION 1292 Peter Iii. 5.
have taken place, or that it never will take place. This is also their meaning when they say, all things continue as they were. — j 5 yyeX/a, the promise) Mockers thus term it, not in respect of themselves, but in mimicry,1 because the righteous earnestly desire the fulfilment of the promise. — avrou, of Him ) Of t…
490 wordsSECTION 1302 Peter Iii. 6, 7.
105 were unwillingly, and when compelled by the most powerful com- mand of God, Ex. xx. 4 ; Ps. xxiv. 2, civ. 5-8, cxxxvi. 6 ; Job xxxviii. 10, 11 ; 2 Esdras xvi. 59. — 6vn6roj<ra, standing together) that is, was. The joining together and lasting duration of the earth is pointed out : and thus standing firmly , an…
499 wordsSECTION 1312 Peter Iii. 8.
more quickly grow old. — vvpl, unto or for , fire) The Dative. Let those fiery meteors be thought of, which in our time often gleam fiom the lofty sky. — ruv aazfiuv, of the ungodly) these very persons, and the others. 8. “Ev d'e rouro) hut this one thing ; namely, that which pertains to this subject. This one thi…
516 wordsSECTION 1322 Peter Iii. 9, 10.
107 differs from the hour-reckoner of mortals. His gnomon1 shows at once all hours in the greatest activity and in the greatest repose. To Him the times pass away neither more slowly nor more quickly than is befitting to Him and to His economy. There is no reason why He should consider it needful either to delay o…
476 wordsSECTION 1332 Peter Iii. 11, 12.
of the nature of things) ; fire will be that, by which the elements shall melt away. The same word is used, Wisdom vii. 17. It is a most elegant metaphor. For as a letter on a parchment,1 so is a star in the heaven. — ’ipya, the works of nature and art. 11. Avopevuv, since they are being dissolved ) The present ten…
485 wordsSECTION 1342 Peter Iii. 13-16,
109 In other places, cr vpovcQcu applies rather to a dry body, xaucov<s6ai to a moist one. 13. Kcuvoiig, new) A great mystery, new heavens and a new earth. It is something external to God and external to man.1 — promise) ver. 4. — h oTg dixuiocvvy} xaro/xs/^ in which dwelleth righteous- ness) Therefore they shall…
460 wordsSECTION 1352 Peter Iii. 17, 18.
and the things which will happen at His coming and before it. When Paul appeared to delay the day of the Lord to a longer period than the other apostles, there were some who either doubted or denied His coming altogether. — h o7g , in which things ) — b'jffvorjra, hard to he understood. It is one thing to be hard t…
300 wordsSECTION 136Chapter I.
1. “o riv, That which was ) John writes his Epistle [which is furnished with a most august exordium. — Y. g.] in a simple style, without inscription or conclusion. He does not appear to have sent it abroad, but to have communicated it in person to his hearers. See ver. 4, compared with 2 John, ver. 12, at the end. …
285 wordsSECTION 1371 John I. 2-4.
by gradation. Both are reassumed in ver. 3, where I say may be understood. John proclaims so great an amount of evidence of this manifestation , that it is not now necessary to adduce the prophets : Comp. 2 Pet. i. 19, note. He speaks in the plural number in his own name, and in the name of other fathers: ch. ii. 1…
506 wordsSECTION 1381 John I. 5-7.
113 answers. Comp. ch. ii. 1, 12, and following verses. Writing gives strong confirmation. — iva, that) Fulness of joy arises from a full and abundant confirmation of soul in faith and love. To this, declaration and writing in conjunction especially tend : 2 John ver. 12. — jog) Thus also John writes in his Gospel…
494 wordsSECTION 1391 John I. 8-10.
114 expression : in ver. 6, with Him , understand from ver. 7, and among ourselves [and one with another ] : in ver. 7, among us [one with an- other~\ , understand from ver. 6, with Him. Comp. John xiv. 10, note. — xu) rh cJ/£a, and the blood) Fellowship with the Son of God is described. Respecting the blood, comp…
509 wordsSECTION 140Chapter Ii.
115 His word) which is true : ver. 8. The word accuses us with truth ; and by contradiction it is driven from the heart. — h in us) and therefore we are liars : ch. ii. 4. 1. Tsxi//a my little children) The diminutive, used as a mark of love. Now for the first time he names those to whom he writes. — raura, these…
399 wordsSECTION 1411 John Ii. 3-8.
restriction upon it ? ch. v. 19. The propitiation is as widely extended as sin. 3. *Ev Touruj y/\ )uxr/.o/Mv) In this we know ; that is, it is thus, and thus only, that there is true knowledge in us. We know, that we know : a reflex knowledge. Spiritual marks of discernment [Gnoris- mata, characteristic marks] are…
510 wordsSECTION 1421 John Ii. 9-11.
117 to the word new , its definition is immediately subjoined, what is the old , and what is the new. The old is that which we had from the besrinnincr : the new is that which is true in Jesus Christ and in us. The difference of time in the words, ye had , and it is , tends to this. In Christ all things are always…
511 wordsSECTION 1431 John Ii. 12.
there is not love, there is hatred ; the heart is not empty. — noZ, where) and whither. — Ir-jp'kuffi, has blinded) Darkness not only sur- rounds him, but has also blinded him. 12. "Eypa^a vjuTv, rexv/u, I have written to you , my sons) John, throughout the whole of the Epistle, and in this chapter, calls all to w…
498 wordsSECTION 1441 John Ii. 13. 14.
119 puts this summing up of the things which he has hitherto treated of, proceeding to other things which are built upon the remission of sins as a foundation. — d/a) on account of. — a vrou, of Himself) Jesus Christ. 13. "On, because ) Thus three times : comp. ver. 12 ; 1 Pet. v. 12, where the sense of because i…
496 wordsSECTION 1451 John Ii. 15, 16.
Domitian ; and also the return of that young man , whom the apostle, with the greatest gentleness, led back from robbery to repentance (although the apostle made that expedition not until he had returned from Patmos : comp. ver. 22, note), as it is most pleasantly de- scribed by Clement of Alexandria,, in his treat…
495 wordsSECTION 1461 John Ii. 17, 18.
121 is included in the third, and the first in the second. The three cardinal vices, pleasure, avarice, and pride, do not coincide with these three ; but yet they are comprised in them. Comp. Luke viii. 14 ; Deut. xvii. 16, 17 ; Matt. iv. 3, 6, 9. And youth is especially commanded to avoid these three, comp. 2 Tim…
514 wordsSECTION 1471 John Ii. 19.
122 or in the Apocalypse ; nor does any other writer of the New Testa- ment use it. Whether the phraseology of the apostles or the language of the faithful led to the introduction of that word, John, about to cut off [guard against] the errors which might arise, wishes mention to be made not only of antichrist , b…
493 wordsSECTION 1481 John Ii. 20-22.
123 20. Ka/' b/jjsTg yp/fffia, s ysrs arro rov ay/ou, and ye have an unction from the Holy One ) An abbreviated expression (as John i. 18, xiv. 10, notes), with this meaning : you have an anointing (a chrism) from Christ ; yon have the Holy Spirit from the Holy One. But the title of anointing ( chrism ) has an all…
508 wordsSECTION 1491 John Ii. 23-27.
the Christ, that He is the Son of God and is come in the flesh, must be held in its integrity. He who denies one part respecting Jesus, does not hold both Him, in His completeness, and the Father at the same time. The spirit of antichrist, and antichrist has done and does this. — rbv Tiarspa zai rbv T/ov, the Fathe…
470 wordsSECTION 1501 John Ii. 28.
125 sufficiency in themselves. God is sufficient for those who are taught by Him. — rig), any one , whoever he may be. By rejecting the whole class of seducers, individuals are the more easily ordered to begone, although they wish to appear more excellent than others. — d/dawy, teach) Heb. viii. 11, note. — b^ag, …
498 wordsSECTION 151Chapter Iii.
29. ’Euv e/dyjrs , if ye know) From the mention of the future mani- festation of the Son and the sons of God, he derives a new discus- sion on sin and righteousness. — d/xa/o's fan) Jesus Christ is Righ- teous : ver. 1, iii. 5 and 6. — yivuxtxers) ye acknowledge. — nag) every one , and he alone. — yey'evvifi rat, i…
416 wordsSECTION 1521 John Iii. 4-8.
127 4. 'O toiu/v tyi v afiapriav, he that committeth sin) There is an anti- thesis to this in, he that doeth righteousness , ver. 7. UoisTv is to do, to exercise. — xai, also) by that very fact. — rr\v dvofilav, iniquity) dvo^/a, iniquity , has a somewhat more dreadful sound, especially in the ears of those who gr…
497 wordsSECTION 1531 John 111. 9, 10.
is never satiated.1 The because in ver. 8 is in antithesis to the because in ver. 9. — e/g rovro , for this purpose) The devil does not make an end of sinning : to destroy sin, is the work of the Son of God. — ru epya, the works) which are most contorted [perverse], and to un- ravel which, was an occasion worthy of…
512 wordsSECTION 1541 John Iii. 11-17.
129 11. ’AyysX/a, the announcement) An appellation most characteristic of Gospel liberty [as contrasted with the bondage which the law gendereth]. He never applies this appellation to the law. 12. Ou xuQwg) not as. An ellipsis. See ch. ii. 27, note. — Kri/V, Cain) The Scripture speaks more mildly respecting Adam h…
494 wordsSECTION 1551 John Iii. 18-20.
130 7j ayuffri rou 0soO) that is, love towards God: ch. iv. 20. — /xeve/, abides) Pie said that he loved God : but he does not now love : ver. 18. 18. A 6yf) in idle word: it is opposed to in deed. — yXdjosy) by a pretending tongue : it is opposed to in truth. 19. ’Ei/ rovrw, in this) Hence depends we know and sha…
488 wordsSECTION 156Chaptek Iy.
131 xxxii. 5, xix. 13, xc. 8. — y/i'wo'/cs/, knows ) nor however does He con- demn (xarayivuMsi). In the Greek there is a pleasant change1 of the word. 21. Mfi xaraynuitxpf does not condemn) either as never injured, or as again appeased. — Kappqsiav, confidence) in asking. This is re- peated, cli. v. 14, 15. This…
416 wordsSECTION 1571 John Iv. 3-9.
are recent and easily accessible writings : the Apostolic Church of Buddeus, and the Disputations of Lange, etc. — km, every) The discourse is respecting the spirits of that time : for at other times false prophets also impugned other heads of doctrine respecting Jesus Christ. — km cmO/Aa, every spirit ) The Spirit…
478 wordsSECTION 1581 John Iv. 10-17.
133 inferred, ver. 7 : the consequence is proved from the love of God towards us, who sent His Son, that we might live. It is a proof of the love of God towards us : it is a motive to our mutual love. 10. "Effr/i/, is) This denotes something prior to His manifestation. — r'ov Qebvj God) who is most worthy to be lo…
491 wordsSECTION 1591 John Iv. 18— 21.— V. 1.
shows certainly the present state of Jesus Christ. — ^ l<r/xg v, wc are) who love God. See the next ver. ; John xv. 10. — lv rp x6<;/j,uj rovrwy in this world) which is void of love, and fears judgment. The mention of the world is an argument that the word He denotes Jesus Christ. Comp. ver. 9. 18. ®6(3og, fear) w…
251 wordsSECTION 160J35
1. nag, every one) The scope and design of this paragraph is plain from the conclusion, ver. 13. — xal crag, and every one) He who does not love his brother, does not love God : ch. iv. 20. He who loves God, loves his brother also. With great elegance the apostle so places the mention of love in this part of the di…
659 wordsSECTION 1611 John V. 7.
136 the order of the subjects there discussed ; by which critics may, if they please, be invited to a more full discussion of the matters of which we have there spoken, as the truth shall require : but the last of those subjects will lead us to a much more pleasing contemplation, that of interpretation . I. Many …
544 wordsSECTION 1621 John V. 7.
137 he did, I did not do so without good reason, and I would have the reader imagine that there is matter for deliberation. I am not aware that anything new needs particularly to be supplied : I will mention a few points, which bear upon the subject. III. As the Complutensian editors , on the authority of Latin ma…
440 wordsSECTION 1631 John Y. 7.
markable, that the sentence in Greek is scarcely found at present in the Greek manuscripts ; and I have ascertained that we must add to these the royal Hafniensian Manuscript, the Ebnerian , and all those of Paris (Journal des Savans, June 1720), and many, which the celebrated La Croze (in his History of Christiani…
463 wordsSECTION 1641 John V. 7.
139 VIII. To the Greek Fathers, who did not read the clause, is to be added Germanus of Constantinople, as his View of Ecclesiastical Affairs shows. The negative argument, in such an inquiry, cannot be rejected. It is of no weight in the case of one or two ecclesiasti- cal writers only ; it is of weight in the cas…
461 wordsSECTION 1651 John V. 7.
by no means surprising. The Armenians formerly did the same thing. XXIII. That Basil the Great made use of rare (that is, having a few copies much resembling one another, which were peculiar in their class) manuscripts of the Epistles, is plain from the Apparatus, p. 690 ; and he lays open to us a trace of this di…
463 wordsSECTION 1661 John V. 7.
141 picions in every way ; but you will effect nothing. At so early a period, so seriously, so universally, through such a perpetual series of ages, do they bring it forward. XXVIII. This last thesis leads us to the exigesis of this most precious passage, in which the 7th verse, when compared (1st) with the conte…
362 wordsSECTION 1671 John V. 7.
c. Of the confirmation and fruit- of this abiding by the Spirit, ch. iv. throughout : To which subject ch. iii. 24 prepares the way, to be compared with ch. iv. 13. II. By a Summing up, or comprehensive statement (Congeries) of the testimony of the Father and Son and Spirit: on which depends faith on Jesus Christ…
416 wordsSECTION 1681 John V. 6.
143 as the 7th verse , is that which treats of those who bear witness on earth ; and that the §th verse is that which treats of those who bear witness in heaven . And we take for granted this 8th verse, partly as already confirmed by critical arguments in the Apparatus, and partly as about to be further confirmed …
518 wordsSECTION 1691 John Y. 7.
came forth from the side of Jesus Christ, being dead on the cross. The same chapter, ver. 34. — i to ni nZpd sen r'o ftuprvpovv, and it is the Spirit that hearetli witness ) He hearetli witness of Jesus Christ : ver. 5, ii. 22 ; 2 John, ver. 9. — on to nveu/jod ienv ^ a?^#s/a, because the Spirit is the trutli) The …
954 wordsSECTION 1701 John V. 8.
1 A twofold or manifold trope. See Append, on the figure. — E. 146 as before lie bad put the spirit in the third place, he now puts it in the first place, according to the natural order. The spirit, as was be- fore said, bore witness before the water and the blood ; and the spirit bears witness even without the te…
500 wordsSECTION 1711 John V. 8.
147 inseparable from the Father and the Son : for unless the Spirit together with the Father and the Soil were one, it would be right for us to say, that the Father and the Son, who are one, together with the Spirit, are two : but this would be opposed to the entire sum of the Divine revelation. They are one in es…
498 wordsSECTION 1721 John V. 7, 8.
comp. ver. G ; but lie reduces them to a triad, solely with reference to the three who bear witness in heaven. From the circumstance, that the Father, and the Word, and the Spirit, are properly three, and are bearing witness, and are one, the same things also are, by a trope, predicated of the spirit, and the water…
475 wordsSECTION 1731 John V. 9.
149 they who are witnessing in heaven, bear witness concerning Jesus Christ, and a true witness is present and not absent, not so much with reference to those to whom He witnesses, as with reference to the things which He witnesses : therefore they who are witness- ing on earth, are said to witness concerning Jesu…
456 wordsSECTION 1741 John V. 10-13.
water, and the blood. For although they do that by the Divine institution and command, yet they themselves continue men : John v. 34, iii. 31. — r\ /Auprvpta. rou 0soD, the witness of God ) the Father : whose Son is Jesus. See the end of this ver. But, to- gether with the testimony of the Father, that of the Son an…
487 wordsSECTION 1751 John Y. 14-16.
151 rou T/oD roO 0eou, unto you who believe in the name of the Son of God) The sura of verses 5-10. — ha tihr\rt bn g^srg alwviov, that ye may know that ye may have eternal eternal life) This is derived from ver. 11. xai i'va tfvmuTjrs, and that ye may believe) namely, under the nearer hope of life. This is derive…
513 wordsSECTION 1761 John Y. 16.
It is a deliberate rejection of grace. A man puts from him life, while he commits this sin : how then can others procure for him life ? Yet there is also set forth [there is such a thing as] a sin that is to the death of the body ; for instance, in the case of the people, for whom the prophet thrice made entreaty, …
700 wordsSECTION 1771 John Y. 16.
18. o7da,(jjsv, we know) An instance of the figure Anaphora :A see the next verses. — bn nag, that every one) Now he takes care that no one abuse, verses 16, 17, to the purpose of (carnal) security. — ysysi /vrj/tsvog) Shortly afterwards yevvriQeig. The Perfect has a loftier sound than the Aorist. An old lexicon sa…
351 wordsSECTION 1781 John V. 20, 21.
trate worse tilings than the worst, is rather to be wondered at, than that they act in the worst way. They esteem themselves happy in their own wretchedness, and the sons of God as destitute of what is for their welfare. — V. g.] There is an antithesis in abides , as ap- plied to God and the saints. Ye that are reg…
278 wordsSECTION 1792 John 2, 3.
1. ‘O ‘7rpe<rf3vrepos, The Elder) An appropriate title for a familiar Epistle, such as this, and the one that follows. And indeed the gravity of the argument, and the familiarity of the little Epistle, are wonderfully combined and adjusted. The parts of the Epistle are three. I. The Inscription, ver. 1-3. II. An …
657 wordsSECTION 1802 John 4-8.
3 But the margin of both Ed., even in this passage, prefers the omission of the word Kvplou ; and the Germ. Vers, omits it altogether. — E. B. AB Vulg. Theb. Syr. omit it. Rec. Text supports it, with Memph. and later Syr. alone of the oldest authorities. — E. 157 4. Euf>rjxa, I have found) A tiling rarely found at…
541 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1859); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.