PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 5
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 237,321 words · 484 reading sections
Chapter Y.
1. B/jSx/ov, a book) There were not seven books, but there was one only, sealed with seven seals. — seuk v xa i s %ukv) So Ezek. ii. 10 : xs(pu\/g (3/(3\jov — xa/ 7)v sv aur/j y^ypa^f^zva ru z/jj^poakv xa/ ra onitidev. And it is possible that the copyists may have introduced into this passage Zmakv for e%ukv, eithe…
442 wordsSECTION 242Apocalypse Y. 5~9,
223 and who think themselves indulgent, if they concede a pardon to others who do seek it. The very things which even angels had desired to look into during the time of the Divine silence, now, after they have been brought to light and shine forth in the word of pro- phecy, though they ought to be known and admire…
527 wordsSECTION 243Apocalypse V. 10-12.
always mentioned ; but instead of puXSv, oyXoi is used once, and SuffiXsTg once. The number of four , therefore, is always preserved, having regard to the four quarters of the world. The number of three is used, Dan. iii. 4, 7, 29, the tribes (in Hebrew) being ex- cepted ; that is, the Israelites. 10. Abroug — y.a…
482 wordsSECTION 244Chapter Vi.
3 Hence the margin of Ed. ii. reckoned among the better supported readings APOCALYPSE Y. I'd, 14,-YI. 1. 225 The sevenfold subject of their acclamations answers to the seven seals, in the first four of which are contained visible things, in the remaining three, invisible things, subject to the Lamb. 13. TLav Krif…
376 wordsSECTION 245Apocalypse Vi. 2.
A reads odgtog ; Rec. Text, oi^iov. — E. 1 So Vulg. and B. But A, tt uutu. — 7dyouroc : so Rec. Text. — E. 2 ABC Vulg. refute the addition in Rec. Text and h, t^auri eig roi/g oti&iuecg ruu ctiavav. — E. 3 ABC read Quuyi \ Rec. Text, <pmi}g ; Vulg. “ vocem.” 226 readers seek for my opinion, if it is of any conseq…
440 wordsSECTION 246Apocalypse Vi. 4~9.
227 they obtain an amplitude worthy of this prophecy. In such a manner the true explanation preserves the natural arrangement of the book ; but if this is once laid aside, there is nothing which the ingenuity of man cannot divide and put together, and congratulate itself on the discovery of the truth. As far as re…
461 wordsSECTION 247Afocalypse Vi. 11.
says, 2 Macc. vii. 36, ot [t \v yccp vvv ^asrspot &ds?^<pof fipccyfiv ‘bneveynuvreg •nrovov dfjvdov fajjg YIIO diadijxriv ©sou crg-Trwxatr/ : for which the Latin translator, For my brothers , having now sustained moderate pain , have been brought [effecti sunt] under the covenant of everlasting life. Not only the C…
491 wordsSECTION 248Apocalypse Vi. 11.
229 reality not short, they who affirm that it is short, cause an arousing which is not lasting. The best consolation is in the truth itself, which, in the meantime, by the form of speech in which it is veiled, softens down the more unfavourable points which are from time to time mingled with those more joyful, as…
484 wordsSECTION 249Apocalypse Vi. 11.
truly xp°vo$' As wpte has a special meaning in this book, ch. xii. 12, 14, so also has xpo vog, which even in Latin we call chronos (derivatives of which word are not unknown to the Latins), that the time nuipbg may not be confounded with it. Chronus has lllli years, as we show in its proper place ; and this Chronu…
460 wordsSECTION 250Apocalypse Vi. 12.
231 I. ) Erasmus had only one manuscript on the Apocalypse, the Reuchlinian. II. ) The Reuchlinian copy was the commentary of Andreas of Caesarea upon the Apocalypse, and this had rb ztfasvov, or the text inserted amidst the commentary. III. ) Erasmus wonderfully extols the antiquity of this manuscript. It undou…
395 wordsSECTION 251Apocalypse Vii. 1.
Apoc., f. 11, says, that it is proved hy the agreement of almost all in- terpreters, that the events of the sixth seal are future . But almost all interpreters, with the exception of those who refer it to the very consummation of the world, interpret it of the past ; as even the Apocalyptic Parallels of Sentiments …
310 wordsSECTION 252Apocalypse Vii. 2-6.
1. ”A vifiog, the ivind) The winds in this passage denote the as- suaging mitigations of threatening evils ; for the holding of them hack hurts , ver. 2. A remarkable allegory. 1 The epithet , oAjj, is considered of less importance in the margin of Ed. maj. than in Ed. 2 and Vers. Germ. — E. B. ABCA Vulg. support …
581 wordsSECTION 253Apocalypse Vii. 9-12.
thali alone , unless this is here tacitly implied , throughout the whole series , would not have his brother by the same mother mentioned in connection with him. As for the rest , Levi, in this enumeration , oc- cupies his own place again , and two portions are given to Joseph, the one in his own name, the other un…
471 wordsSECTION 254Apocalypse Vii. 17.
235 four and three, as we show in its proper place. Now, when all the angels say, i] tvXoyia xa/ 7] do£ a %a) tj <ro<p/a y.ccl 7} eu-^apiisria, (xaj) 7] rifjjr\ xa/' 7] dvvafiig xai 7j i<sypg r& 0?a) Tjfiuvj the first four acclama- tions have reference to the trumpet of the first, the second, the third, and the fo…
476 wordsSECTION 255Chapter Viii.
1. 2/y^, silence) Silence is opposed to a voice. The more frequent- voices are in this book, for instance, ch. vii. 10 and foil, verses, the more remarkable is this silence of awful expectation, preceding the clang of trumpets. D. Lange interprets it as the keeping rest [ sabbatism ] of a thousand years (Hermen. Ei…
422 wordsSECTION 256Apocalypse Viii. 7.
237 plainly apparent from what follows ; whereas in reality it ought to be explained, to thee) : hut the word denotes nothing hut a crown , as it is said , Isa. xlix. 18, and thou shalt clothe thee with them as with a crown. — Christopher Cartwright, in Mellif. Hebr., lib. iii. c. 8. Therefore the Hebrews say that…
481 wordsSECTION 257Apocalypse Viii. 8, 9.
of the following angels with trumpets, uyyiXog is expressed, by rea- son of the longer intervals between the discourse and the events. That the event of the trumpets began a very short time after the writing of the book, is evident from this, that the sealing defended the servants of God against the plagues which f…
455 wordsSECTION 258Apocalypse Viii. 10-13.
239 aifiaTi. That is a similar instance which Wolf notices, a third part of the men were slain : ch. ix. 18. 10. 'O rpirocy the third) The connection of events, times, and places, proves that the Arian and Vandal calamities are here pointed out. That Arius is the star, is the true judgment of Ballinger , Nigrinus …
435 wordsSECTION 259Apocalypse Viii. 13.
numbers, clearly vindicate the reading dsrov from all suspicion of a gloss. Another angel flying in the midst of heaven , ch. xiv. 6, alto- gether refers to the present passage : but the reading dsrov does not destroy this reference. The very appellation, an eagle , and not an angel , in this former passage, shows …
475 wordsSECTION 260Chapter Ix.
241 violently disjointed. — rrjg <sd Xniyyog, of the trumpet) The singular number, put distributively for the plural, of the trumpets . 1. ToD ppsurog ) ^psap, as it were the orifice of the abyss. 2. K ai sffxortffdr} 6 yXiog xai 6 drip, and the sun was darkened and the air) It is an instance of sv did dvoTv , as …
395 wordsSECTION 261Apocalypse Ix. 11-14.
242 11. VA fiadduv — * AnoWvuv) The Septuagint renders Abaddon by a-rouXg /a : here it is put in the concrete, ’ AvoXXvuv. — h h\ ry ‘exXtjv/x^) The feminine, put for the neuter, by a Hebraism, as immediately afterwards ohcti : or by ellipsis of the noun yXurra, of the omission of which by the Greeks, L. Bos notes…
449 wordsSECTION 262Apocalypse Ix. 15, 16.
243 nties which are without this adjective.1 The great river Euphrates is also read, Deut. i. 7 ; Josh. i. 4 ; but it is the river Euphrates , Deut. xi. 24, in the Hebrew : for in that place also in the Greek rov '(leydXou is added. Nor is the article repeated without reason, rOj rrorafjjQj rut E v<ppdrri ; for th…
503 wordsSECTION 263Apocalypse Ix. 17-21.
woe : but it marks the duration of the second woe once only, by an hour , and a day, and a month, and a year ; and in turn under that woe, instead of a second indication of time, it indicates the number of equestrian armies, that is, of the horsemen. The second woe is a period of about 207 years of men : therefore …
473 wordsSECTION 264Chapter X.
245 3 John ver. 10; Mark v. 3, 4. [Their repentance had been the aim of the plagues. — V. g.] — ra ilhuXa, idols ) The worship of images was solemnly established in the East, A. 842. — r5j g rropniag) The plural, rropvsTou , is used, 1 Cor. vii. 2 ; and yet in this place the sin- gular number is placed between plu…
462 wordsSECTION 265Apocalypse X. 2-6.
this earthquake , by which a tenth part of the same city falls, and the remnant are converted : ch. xi. 13. This observation is sure, and very necessary ; and by its aid many and great errors, which are everywhere to be met with, are avoided. — ug crvXoi irupog) In the Septuagint, the pillar, by which the Israelite…
459 wordsSECTION 266Apocalypse X. 7.
247 of Non-chronus, the Saracens were not only in possession of Jerusa- lem, but even appeared to threaten destruction to the whole of the Christian Church, as the second woe came to its height. But yet the angel affirms that these and the following evils shall be overcome within a chronus. Eudes conquered the Sar…
493 wordsSECTION 267Apocalypse X. 9-11. -Xi. 1.
9. AoDva/) Some few read dbg, for the sake of an easy construction : by far the greatest number read dovvai : whence formerly the Latin translator rendered it, ut daret (to give), and thus also the Syriac Version. But the direct style agrees with the present address in preference to the indirect. As to what remains…
279 wordsSECTION 268Apocalypse Xi. 2.
1. Kai edodri [JjOi nahaiiog ofioiog pafidw* X&yuv') See App. Crit. Ed. ii. on this passage. ’E db6r\ /xoi Xeyuv might be resolved by Syllepsis : for the Hebrews put absolutely; whence the idiom of the Septua- gint translators, \eyuv and Xsyovrsg, for instance, Isa. vii. 2, xai 1 See Appendix on Moratus Sermo. 2 A…
607 wordsSECTION 269Apocalypse Xi. 3, 4.
quired, I wrote a review, which was inserted by the collectors of the work, which is called Geistliche Fama , in the 23d Part, after other remarks of Seize and myself : and in the meanwhile, the progress of time, bringing a decision of the question, confirmed my opinion, and rendered a reply superfluous. This quest…
478 wordsSECTION 270Apocalypse Xi. 8, 9.
251 The article is necessary in this place for the connection of the dis- course, as n in CHDJjn. No book has oi : therefore at remains. The Greek article is much more flexible than our custom admits : as rp rov popov , 6 ro ot /£a/cpav, x.r.X. Therefore at — s tfrurssj if it pleases you, is said, as though it wer…
509 wordsSECTION 271Apocalypse Xi. 9-13.
9. Ka/ fiXerrovtiv — xa/ ovn a<pv]<fo\)<si) The present, followed by ano- ther tense. Thus soon after, yodpovffi xa/ si xppavQrimrcu. Comp. ch. xii. 4, xiii. 12. — iifispag rpsTg ri/xiffv) 3^ days , not 3 or 4. This pas- sage, even by itself, affords an irrefragable proof, how scrupulously, that is, how exactly, th…
490 wordsSECTION 272Apocalypse Xi. 14, 15.
253 drought, but also shows His majesty in heaven , by taking up the two witnesses into heaven . 14. 'H oval 7i ds urspoiy the second woe) This, according to D. Lange, designates the period of the rage of antichrist , consisting of 42 months. Comm. Ap. f. 221. But the four angels in the Euphrates plainly brought …
464 wordsSECTION 273Apocalypse Xi. 15.
carried off from them. — h r<Z ovpavu, in heaven) This is strictly parallel with that passage of Dan. ii. 44, u In the clays of those kings (not, after they shall be destroyed), the God of Heaven shall set up a kingdom” He is called the God of heaven , as showing His majesty in heaven. Comp, altogether ver. 13, not…
488 wordsSECTION 274Apocalypse Xi. 15.
255 phecy will be fulfilled after the destruction of the beast. In both points D. Lange assents to him. Here a true analysis of the text is especially necessary : moreover we have presented such a one above, in the Introduction to the Apoc. num. 6. Many separate the natural sequence of ch. xi. and those which foll…
479 wordsSECTION 275Apocalypse Xi. 16, 17.
ii. 17, note. Among the Gentiles also, one man has often borne the kingly office in addition to the priestly, sometimes under the title of priest, sometimes under that of king. 16. ’Evojkiov rou 6p6vov rou 0soD) Thus the greater part of the Manuscripts read,1 although the more ancient omitted the words rou Opovou,…
493 wordsSECTION 276Apocalypse Xi. 17, 18.
257 because the prophet , with his intellectual vision , then saw God as it were already sitting in judgment. Zeltner published a dissertation, A. 1712, which is inscribed, Evangelium Tetragrammaton e Novo Testamento Exulans. The subject, as it is comprised in the title, derives something from the truth. When the …
507 wordsSECTION 277Chapter Xii.
258 Exegesis quotes many passages of Scripture speaking in this man- ner. Add the son of Sirach, before noticed, on Jude ver. 4. — xpiQqvui) This verb, equally with bovvcu xal dtoupd&Tpcu, is spoken con- cerning God, and answers to the Hebrew D2K0, which is likewise spoken of God. Isa. lxvi. 16 ; Ezek. xxxviii. 22…
371 wordsSECTION 278Apocalypse Xii. 6.
259 supposes, is the conversion of Israel here signified ; for that nation does not bring forth, at its conversion, but is born : and the crown of twelve stars prefigures the conversion of the twelve tribes : comp. Gen. xxxvii. 9. The birth here described has already long ago taken place ; that conversion [of the …
496 wordsSECTION 279Apocalypse Xii. 7.
is the Millennium. Between the Reformation and the Millennium there is no more remarkable revolution , than the Reformation itself the great importance of which is sufficiently perceived from this. 7. 'O Mtyurfk) Michael) The archangel, but still a created angel. Dan. x. 13 ; Jude ver. 9. Nic. Collado, Raph. Eglinu…
571 wordsSECTION 280Apocalypse Xii. 8, 9.
261 8. O'jTi ’ieyvtitv — avru) Others read, ovx ’loyycav, ovS's tokos evpify avruv.1 If the plural number were correct, it would be ovd's toko; sbprOri avroTg (not avruv), as it is expressed in Apoc. xx. 11 ; Dan. ii. 35, also Job xvi. 18. Victorinus also has, and there was not found fop him (not, OF them) a place…
473 wordsSECTION 281Apocalypse Xii. 10-12.
both the Hebrew and the Greek names are joined together : in other texts, even the appellation of the devil , inasmuch as it is alone, may no doubt appertain to the Jews. — 6 ^Xavuv, which deceivetli ) The devil is a liar and a murderer , John viii. 44 ; a seducer , in this passage, and raging , ver. 12, where desp…
477 wordsSECTION 2822G3
sea) The earth is placed before the sea, either because the earth, as opposed to the heaven, is superior (to the sea), and the sea is only a part of the earth, which is understood in the following verse under the earth : or because the third woe really began in Asia, before it began in Europe, through the instrumen…
493 wordsSECTION 283Apocalypse Xii. 14.
14. A i duo nrepuyeg) The Hebrew dual CPDJp does not always in- volve the number two : but it is used even in the description of four or six wings, Ez. i. and Isa. vi. Whence in the Septuagint CM is never expressed by duo irrepuysg. Therefore in this passage it is said not without great significance, a/ duo crrspuy…
524 wordsSECTION 284Apocalypse Xii. 17, 18.
265 very period into a time , and times , and the half of a time. This period begins before the number of the beast, and extends beyond it: nor however does the whole of it far exceed it. It has 777-J years. By such a method, even a Chronus has a definite length, and comprises five noupoug or times : although Leop…
487 wordsSECTION 285Chapter Xiii.
beast which arose out of the sea . But because a new part begins at the words, and stood , and at the beginning of this part the name of the dragon is not again expressed, this act of standing is better applied to John. Who indeed, though he saw such various objects, yet mentions no other going of his, except that …
418 wordsSECTION 286Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
267 of Raph. Eglinus. The one interpretation is too loose; the other too confined , although it is more convenient, inasmuch as it does not go beyond the seven hills [of Rome]. From either interpretation they were able to take an occasion, who with great agreement among themselves refer those seven heads to seven …
488 wordsSECTION 287Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
itself ill a variety of ways, as to which of the emperors is to be re- garded as the last in this point of view : Is it Domitian, whom foreign emperors began to succeed ; or Diocletian, in whom Paganism ended ; or Constantine, who ought (to accord with their theory) to have remained a u short space,” namely, at Pom…
504 wordsSECTION 288Afocalypse Xiii. 1.
269 Epicrisis of Lange, and shall compare my present explanation with both, will not repent of his labour. Proposition 1. It is one and the same beast , having ten horns and seven heads , which is described , Apoc. xiii. and xvii. — D. Lange con- cedes this, p. 376. But when I had prepared this Proposition with t…
479 wordsSECTION 289Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
mination of which I had particularly sought for, and that justly. I will speak with kindness and openness (for truth, which is brought into danger in this serious passage, compels me). The Epicrisis does not relate to its readers , of whom it certainly has many , on account of the celebrity of the Author , what oug…
490 wordsSECTION 290Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
271 point on which the controversy turns, to have attributed to me a solitary argument entirely destitute of weight, and, having easily refuted that, to have represented the matter as though quite settled in other respects. Pkop. 5. The beast is the Roman Papacy. — This in truth is the chief Proposition, respecti…
461 wordsSECTION 291Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
(and the Papacy). This he does excellently ; if the interpretation respecting the Papacy were transferred from the whore to the beast. 3) The concentrated demonstration , as the Author calls it, by which it may be shown that the beast of the Apocalypse is not the Pope, consists of three reasons: pp. 396, 397. We wi…
453 wordsSECTION 292Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
273 out, nails of brass, etc. Again there are many things in the Apoca- lypse which are new : seven heads (when there is only one in Dan. vii. 20) ; a name of blasphemy ; the resemblance of the beast itself, its feet and mouth to the third, the second, and the first beast in Daniel; the assistance given by the dra…
495 wordsSECTION 293Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
274 flows by an inevitable sequence from the preceding observations. Nor do the reasons, which the Divine of Halle proposes from Daniel and the Apocalypse conjointly, present any impediment to this, whether they be drawn from the Apocalypse alone, or from Daniel also. a) The beast , he says, is such an individual…
462 wordsSECTION 294Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
275 Christ, not with reference to His Person, but with reference to His kingdom : and here that must especially be considered, which the venerable Lange excellently teaches in the Preface to Sherlock’s Antidote against Popery, that the doctrine concerning the Person of Christ retained more soundness, on account of…
437 wordsSECTION 295Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
in Proposition 5. For that some new power was added to the Roman episcopate by the aid of Gregory VII., all have admitted, even they who were then alive, as also they who afterwards defended Rome : and that very addition of power established the beast, or a certain empire. The new Dicta of Gregory proclaim it : the…
524 wordsSECTION 296Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
precept and license it is lawful for subjects to accuse. 25. That without a Synodal assembly he is able to depose and restore bishops. 26. That he is not to be esteemed a Catholic , who does not agree with the Church of Rome. 27. That he has the power of absolving the subjects of wicked princes from their allegianc…
472 wordsSECTION 297Apocalypse Xui. 1.
the hands of the wicked, who hate and have persecuted me for my faith in thee. Thou art the best witness to me, and the pious mother of Jesus Christ, and thy brother Paul, the sharer of mar- tyrdom with thee, that it is not of my own accord, but against my will, that I have undertaken the helm of the pontificate. N…
498 wordsSECTION 298Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
279 when I was ascending the mount itself by your command, as I cried aloud, and proclaimed to the people their crimes, and to the sons of the Church their sins, these members of the devil conspired against me, and laid their hands upon me even to bloodshed. For the kings of the earth, and the princes of this worl…
487 wordsSECTION 299Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
the whole matter, and that I would then judge which of them was to be esteemed to have the better claim in the matter. Henry for- bade' the appointment of a king by our legates, and put to death many persons, both secular and ecclesiastics, plundered and pro- faned churches, and in this manner bound himself by the …
484 wordsSECTION 300Apocalypse Xiii. 1.
281 walking: ; waiting out of doors in foul clothing, until it suited the convenience of the latter, from the lofty citadel of Canusium, at least to look down upon the suppliant Emperor, in the year 1077. Then Henry left Italy: Gregory, having established himself at Rome, began to reign vigorously. In the same yea…
460 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1859); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.