PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
Gnomon of the New Testament — Volume 5
Bengel, Johann Albrecht, 1687-1752 · 237,321 words · 484 reading sections
2 John 9-13.
ent degrees in glory. — full) In full communion with God : ver. 9. 9. 'O nccpctpoiivu)/, he who transgresseth) from perfidy. — sv rfj d/dayji rou Xpiffroj, in the doctrine of Christ) in the doctrine which teaches that Jesus is the Christ , the Son of God. — ovrog) he , I say. 10. "E pyjrcu, comes) as a teacher or …
321 wordsSECTION 1823 John 3-10.
1. ‘O 7rps<r(3vTspoc, The Elder) This Epistle also has three parts: — I. The Inscription, ver. 1-2. II. The Commendation of those who practise hospitality : in which — 1. He approves of the former benefits of Caius, ver. 2-6. 2. He draws forth the commendation itself, introducing reasons and examples on both sid…
632 wordsSECTION 183The Epistle Of Jude.
161 excuse himself. — rovg jSouXo^usvovg, those that wish ) that is, to receive us and them. — ix/3aXXe/, he casts out ) a great amount of insolence. 11. To xaxov, that which is evil) in Diotrephes. — ro ayaObv, that which is good ) in Demetrius. — iz rov 0soD, from God) who is good. — e<rnv, is) as born from Him.…
377 wordsSECTION 1841G3
thesis answers in ver. 4. — yyctvwevois, beloved) The conclusion cor- responds with the introduction : ver. 21. — nrriprifjjevoig^ preserved ) To be preserved uninjured for Christ, is a subject of joy : John xvii. 2, 11, 15 ; 2 Cor. xi. 2. The sources and completion of salvation are pointed out : and this passage h…
480 wordsSECTION 185Jude 5, 6.
Isa. iv. 3 ; but he is speaking of the prediction of Scripture. naXa/, of old, in the time of Enoch, ver. 14 ; and since he himself only spake it, and did not also write it, it must be regarded as an abbrevi- ated expression, in this sense : They were long ago foretold by Enoch, and afterwards marked out by the wri…
470 wordsSECTION 186Jude 7-9.
165 7. T ovroig) [in a manner like] to these , the ungodly, who are doomed to undergo a like punishment. — hmpvsvdaaai) giving themselves to fornication. For the simple verb nopvsvw, H3T, the Septuagint often has h<ropve{ju. But here the word is peculiarly adapted to a lust still more abominable. — anz XOovffai — …
501 wordsSECTION 187Jude 10-12.
body of Moses ) He is plainly speaking of the identical body of Moses, now lifeless. In a matter full of mystery, we ought not to alter that part of the language which is plain, according to our own convenience. The devil, who had the power of death, and there- fore perhaps claimed the right of hindering the resurr…
453 wordsSECTION 1881G7
renders it : comp. ver. 23 : whence Hesychius has dbeg, ilsiliclg- asvoiy polluted , at the same time showing a Metonymia1 in this place. But he also says, GmXdbeg, a / Grspie^o/Jjsmi rr\ QcikdGGT} Kerpeu, , the rocks which are surrounded hy the sea . Moreover G^iXag also denotes a storm ; and this very notion, of …
451 wordsSECTION 189Jude 15.
only respecting these, and not to the antediluvians only ; for he says, all: ver. 15. — s/Sdo/Aog, the seventh) The antiquity of the prophecy is shown, ver. 4 ; for it appears to have been the earliest respecting the coming of the J udge. There were only five fathers between Enoch and Adam : 1 Chron. i. 1 ; and the…
456 wordsSECTION 190Jude 16-21.
169 sayings [with which also the sons of the Lord and His servants are assailed, Job xlii. 7 ; Mai. iii. 13. — Y. g.] were directed against Him. — ajjjaprojXoi uffsfieTc, ungodly sinners) A sinner is bad ; a defirig, one who sins without fear , is worse. 16. Toyyvtra/, murmurers) against men. — ^z^ifijoipoi, compl…
444 wordsSECTION 191Jude 22-24.
ds^ojusvoi, waiting for) They, who build themselves up, are able to wait with confidence. — eXsos, mercy) Opposed to fire, ver. 23. — e/’g, unto) To be construed with waiting for. 22. K a!, and) He who has already taken measures to secure his own interests, may take measures for the interests of others. 22, 23. Ou…
491 wordsSECTION 192Intkoduction.
171 contradistinction to those ungodly men. A vrovg, for u^dg, refers to the preceding announcements, as Matt, xxiii. 37. — xccnvui^iov rijg do^g aurov, before the presence of His glory) before the presence of Him- self, when He shall be revealed most gloriously. — a(aw/Aou$, ' without fault) in your own selves. T…
472 wordsSECTION 193Apocalypse.
173 nions, would be set forth more conveniently in Latin than in my vernacular language. Therefore the things which are there more diffusely explained, are here only touched upon : the things which were scarcely introduced there, are here more copiously treated. The two commentaries are altogether distinct : each …
482 wordsSECTION 194Apocalypse.
mary of the Foundations in a second Defence;1 and I will here repeat a part of that summary. u Erasmus, as he himself admits , had only one Greek Manuscript on the Apocalypse, by Jo. Capnio, and the commentary of Andreas of Caesarea, with which the text (ro xei/imv) was interspersed. From that , he says, WE TOOK ca…
473 wordsSECTION 195Apocalypse.
175 to us in its purest state, not by those editions which they themselves published with such difficulty, and which others after them perpe- tuated with such scrupulous exactness, but by both classes of editions conjointly, and indeed by the whole of Christian antiquity , and the Marrow of its documents. These ar…
467 wordsSECTION 196Apocalypse.
ning and end, is attributed to the Bishop Apringius. However, it plainly appears that the work is interpolated. In one place, John is said to have written the Apocalypse during the reign of Claudius ; in another place, during that of Domitian. The number 666 (DCLXVi) is reduced to the word diclux, of which device A…
448 wordsSECTION 197Apocalypse.
177 ought to be declared by me again and again on this account, that I might contend with one who is dead, not more in arguments than in kindness. I do not now repeat, in one place, the explanations which I have given on that ground-work; they who have any interest in the matter may read them in my Apparatus. At e…
367 wordsSECTION 198Apocalypse.
178 Smyrna and Pergamos, and at Thyatira and Sardis, and at Phila- delphia and Laodicea, to prepare themselves in a befitting manner for His coming, promising future blessings “ To him that over- cometh.” .... Ch. ii. iii. n. The shewing of those things which shall come to pass. Here in one continued vision i…
435 wordsSECTION 199Apocalypse I. 1.
1. The great whore is judged, and the kingdom of God prevails, . * Ch. xviii. xix. 2. The beast and the false pro- phet are cast into the lake of fire, . . . xix. 3. The devil is bound, . xx. d. The kingdom freed from all hindrances. For that king- dom, after the former steps, in succession before the trumpet…
323 wordsSECTION 200Chapter I.
1. ,AtfoxaXu'4//s) The Latin Fathers term it the Revelation , and they do so with propriety : for matters before covered are revealed in this book. No prophecy in the Old Testament has this title : it was reserved for the Revelation of Jesus Christ in the New Testa- ment, [and for it] alone. It is a Manifesto, as t…
315 wordsSECTION 201Apocalypse I. 1.
true Apocalypse from the many apocryphal books. Apocryphal gospels and epistles presuppose others that are canonical, and so apocryphal apocalypses presuppose a genuine Apocalypse. Arte- mon. de Init. Evang. Joh., p. 88, 140, and following, affirms, and not without reason, that no one ever rejected the Apocalypse …
452 wordsSECTION 202Apocalypse I. 7,
183 in truth the Apocalypse proceeded from the mind of God, if one may use the expression ; and, amidst the greatest simplicity, it most worthily represents His ‘7ro\v-7roi7u'kov , manifold wisdom, in the economy of so many ages of the New Testament. And therefore he who wishes to reject an interpretation on accou…
490 wordsSECTION 203Apocalypse I. 1.
Apocalypse ; and although, in the particular hypothesis,1 they were not then able to discern the times, yet in the general thesis they had a most real and present advantage from it, whilst their error was not injurious to them. Do others defend the general and fundamental truth set forth by Christ in the Gospel ? T…
490 wordsSECTION 204Apocalypse I. 2, 3.
1 85 Hebrew, as ’ Aj3adduvy Saravag, * Apfhccyib&v : also in construction, as aero ’iTjtfoS Xp/ffroo, 6 pdprvg 6 <7n<fr6$y x.r.X., aero o c3v, x.r.X. ; SO that a proper name is put, in the Hebrew manner, undeclined (ajcX/rov), and with- out the article. And here it is not said, aersff-rs/Xs, but iff^aai/sv anoeru- …
491 wordsSECTION 205Apocalypse I. 3.
inquire about anything in preference to this, just as though it had been written : Blessed is he who does not read , and they who do not hear , etc. Let them see that they do not, in devising every pretext for refusing the heavenly gift, show weariness towards God (Isa. vii. 12, 13), and that they be not found ungr…
447 wordsSECTION 206Apocalypse I. 3.
187 evidence of the predictions of Jesus and the Apostles in the other books of the New Testament, and especially the evidence of the letter of the Apocalypse itself, and its own peculiar character, at- tempered with prophetic tropes. We will explain this particular point somewhat more fully. 1) The Lord Jesus ha…
451 wordsSECTION 207Apocalypse I. 3.
188 ing as the necessity of those primitive times required. Now the Lord comprises all in one short hook, having reference to the earlier ones, presupposing them, explaining, continuing, and interweaving them. It is altogether right, therefore, that we should compare them ; but not to bring into comparison the ful…
480 wordsSECTION 208Apocalypse I. 4.
189 from the Old Testament, through each of the Evangelists, through the Acts of the Apostles, through the Pauline and General Epistles, he had nothing to bring forward as a quotation in the Apocalypse. In like manner Franc. Junius brought his Parallels to an end, thus writing at the conclusion : There are indeed …
525 wordsSECTION 209Apocalypse I. 5.
that there is some resemblance ; but he has brought forward from the Cabalistic writers nothing which does not exist in a purer form in the writings of John. Comp. Lamp. Comm, on the Apoc., p. 253. The Hebrew noun mrp is undeclined ; and of that noun this is a periphrasis, 6 &v xcct 6 fjv xui 6 ep^o/uevog, as we sh…
513 wordsSECTION 210Apocalypse I. 6.
191 the present and praeterite are joined together. In the German translation of the Apocalypse I have designedly translated it, who loves us. And such passages, as I understand, displease many. But the style of John and the taste of the present day are as widely apart as the east and the west. In translating, I d…
540 wordsSECTION 211192 Apocalypse I. 7, 8.
proper place. I think it necessary to give this admonition once for all, lest my edition of the text should too frequently appear to be unsupported by other editions. See App. Ed. ii. We shall see a similar variety of readings below, ch. v. 10 ; but whether \ QaciXiTg or (3uffiXs/uv be the genuine reading in that p…
478 wordsSECTION 212Apocalypse I. 8.
103 III .) To aX<pa xas to ft, 37 upyfi *a' T'° rs\og, Alpha and 0 , The Beginning and the End : ch. xxi. 6. IY .) To ciX<pa xcci to ft, npurog xai sV^aroc, 37 a^/37 xai to TiXog , Alpha and 0 , The First and the Last , The Beginning and the End: ch. xxii. 13. Therefore, in the beginning of the book, one clause i…
478 wordsSECTION 213Apocalypse I. 8.
book advances, the enemies arise to assail, but are utterly destroyed, so that they nowhere appear. It is also a Protest against all false gods and false christs, who are about to come to nothing. For before the first revelation of God in creation, and after the last revelation of Him in the final consummation, the…
459 wordsSECTION 214Apocalypse I. 8.
195 15. Thence, in the books of Samuel and Kings, in the Chronicles, in the Psalms, in Isaiah, J eremiah, and most of the minor prophets, before the Babylonish captivity and after it, this expression concern- ing the Lord God of Sabaoth is of very frequent occurrence. The lxx. translators rendered it in various wa…
474 wordsSECTION 215Apocalypse I. 8.
wherever niiT is written, it is evidently to be read Jehovah . On this one account alone they retained Scheva under Jod : as also the Chaldean paraphrasers do, in that very contraction in their writing, J, which represents the name Jehovah and Adonai. As niiT* is written by means of the points of the name D\“6n, so…
471 wordsSECTION 216Apocalypse I. 8.
197 ner, in Hebrew and in Greek, as d^r ufiudfiuv, acr oWvwr did(3o\ogf ffurocvng' xurfiyup, xa rriyopuv. The names of enemies are expressed in the twofold idiom : and previously the name of the Lord God Him- self is expressed in a twofold manner. § 18. In the Divine title which we are considering, the first and …
515 wordsSECTION 217Apocalypse I. 8.
§ 23. The name niiT is read of old, before the times of Moses, and mentioned in such a manner that we may be assured that Moses did not, from an idiom arising not until his own time, introduce the ex- pression into the times of Enoch, Abraham, etc. : Gen. iv. 26, xiii. 4, xiv. 22, xv. 2, 7, etc. § 24. Again, it is…
489 wordsSECTION 218Apocalypse I. 9.
199 we read that He or His name was known : Ps. lxxvi. 1, lxxxiii. 18 ; Isa. lii. 6 ; Ezek. xxxix. 7. § 28. Therefore in the time of Moses He called Himself as it were afresh, nViK, I will be. He does not say, I will be what I was , I icill be what I am ; but PPriK *it?K HVIK, I will be what I will be : where the…
506 wordsSECTION 219Apocalypse I. 9.
The African Church, more exposed to the cross, always valued this book very highly. — *a /' (BudiXsia xal vno/xovf}, and in the kingdom and in 'patience) These things are also joined together, 2 Tim. ii. 12. Patience of hope (1 Thess. i. 3) has abundant nourishment in the Apocalypse. The order of the words is worth…
494 wordsSECTION 220Apocalypse I. 10.
201 the destruction of Jerusalem, but the Apocalypse after it. But in fact the whole style of John, and especially in the prophetical parts, takes its form, not from accustomed habit, but from Divine dictation , the resources of which are boundless. 10. ’Eysvo/urjv) A sentence consisting of three members : syevofi…
506 wordsSECTION 221Apocalypse I. 11.
with what remarkable propriety it happened to John, that he should, on the Lord’s day, both see and describe the Lord as coming. I once thought that the vision, which Ezekiel relates from ch. xl., was on the day of the Sabbath, and that that day of the Sabbath might be compared with the Lord’s day mentioned in this…
493 wordsSECTION 222Apocalypse I. 12-15.
203 See Appar. Crit. on this passage, Ed. ii. It often occurs, that not until after the beginning of a vision, He who appears, declares who He is : Exod. iii. 6. But in the present instance that impressive summary, o BXsvsig, that which thou seest , and moreover the vision of John itself, was of itself equivalent …
464 wordsSECTION 223Apocalypse I. 17, 18.
18. XccX'/iSg brass ; X/(3ccvog , incense : ya XxoX//3avo$, a species of brass, like incense. See Bochart’s Hierozoicon, at the end, where, in a full discussion, he explains it as white brass . Comp. Dan. x. 6, on shining brass. Ilesychius, u,raffu yocXxrj, Xa/unpa, oX>j, YLpr\rig, “ The Cretans express by it what …
450 wordsSECTION 224Chapter Ii.
205 (ufiriv1), though there is no Doxology, as I have observed in my Ap- paratus. Ed. II. on this passage , where a memorable caution is given respecting a too great estimation of the Editions.] 1. T& a/ysXw, to the angel) There is a most weighty reason for these seven epistles. When the people were about to recei…
405 wordsSECTION 225Apocalypse Ii. 1.
Church, their historical sense being either preserved, or (which is worse) set aside. The celebrated D. Lange , in Comm. Apoc. f. 34, seq., preserving the historical sense, extends the prophetical sense from the time of John as far as to the destruction of the whore and the beast. But we have shown that the applyin…
488 wordsSECTION 226Apocalypse Ii. 2, 3.
207 27th of January. Therefore also the Apocalypse had been sent to Ephesus, a short time only before the death of Timothy. I do not, however, think that he is the person aimed at in the address of the Apocalypse. Timothy was an Evangelist, not an angel of one church ; and he also, if at the close of his life he c…
464 wordsSECTION 227Apocalypse Ii. 5-7.
*5. E / /x^) This is spoken absolutely without a verb, ver. 16; lav M, with a verb, presently after in this verse, and ver. 22, ch. iii. 3, 20. — tpyjo/ia'i <roi xal xivfau) The coming of the Lord was about to take place at one time ; and the denunciation of His coming was made first at Ephesus, etc., lastly at Lao…
464 wordsSECTION 228Apocalypse Ii. 10-15.
200 to be in the paradise of God: nor is mention made of any other tree, except the tree of life. The tree of life, indeed, is in the midst of the street of Jerusalem: ch. xxii. 2. From that passage, or from Genesis, some have here written, h peou) rov rtapahe'wov. HO. BaXs?y, to cast) Understand, some one , or ra…
480 wordsSECTION 229Apocalypse Ii. 16.
210 to repent in like manner with the angel at Ephesus : xat, also , cor- responds, ver. 15. The reading opo/us, for which others have written o luau from ver. 6, is defended by almost all1 the authorities. Yet ouv, therefore , remains with great emphasis. Comp. ver. 5, ch. iii. 3, 19. 16. "Ep^o/acci coi xa/ ^oXe…
467 wordsSECTION 230Apocalypse Ii. 17, 18.
211 Hence the fuller reading, which now is too scrupulously defended by many, is almost always a counterfeit; whereas the shorter reading is genuine. In such passages the witnesses, however few they are, provided that they have sufficient antiquity, ought to have weight : in which particular the Latin witnesses ar…
481 wordsSECTION 231Apocalypse Ii. 19, 20.
19. Ta zgyara nKtiow ruv Kpuruv) There is a similar expression, ro sffyarov imp ro npurov, Ruth iii. 10. On the other hand, ru zffyurcc yiipovct, ruv npuTuv , Matt. xii. 45. 20. "Ep/w 7cara tfoD) Not only some MSS., but by far the most wit- nesses, exhibit this reading,1 which the others, by supplying of them- sel…
498 wordsSECTION 232Apocalypse Ii. 22-25.
213 So ch. xi. 3, I will give to My tivo witnesses that they prophesy, and they shall prophesy. Comp, also xiii. 16. See App. Crit. Ed. ii. We have given n As yovaa for rr\v Xeyovtav, which is otherwise free from difficulty.1 — rrtv yvw/ka ) Many long ago read, rr\v ywaTxa <tou. Cer- tainly she had a husband , for…
506 wordsSECTION 233Apocalypse 11. 26, 27 Iii. 2.
Whence, Heb. x. 7, 9, Jjxw is used for the preterite TIK2, Ps. xl. 7 ; and thus the Septuagint everywhere : Num. xxiii. 1 (or ch. xxii. 36) ; Deut. xxxiii. 2 ; Jos. xxiii. 14, 15 ; Judg. xvi. 2 ; 1 Sam. xvi. 2, xxix. 6, 10; 2 Sam. iii. 23. There is a remarkable instance in Eccl. v. 14, kncrpt-^tiy ug qxei. 26. 'Ov…
292 wordsSECTION 234Apocalypse Iii. 3-17.
3 2. "E/asXXoi/) Thus the Al. And. Pet. 3, the Cov. Areth. and also Uff. read s (jjiXkw : Er. from the comm, of Andreas, pzXkzi : Leices- trensis and eight others, and also Comp. Arab, s peWeg (a<zo8uvz?v being on this account changed into d^o/SaXAg/i/). This reading of the clause formerly did not displease me, d e…
658 wordsSECTION 235Apocalypse Iii. 18— 20.— Iy. 1.
8 See Appendix on Sermo Modalis. in which their own on is inserted, on yX/upog el ; but with the follow- ing words, as the thing speaks for itself. Thus, ch. xviii. 7, followed by on — did, ro\)To. — cr Xo-joiog) A few read on rrXovinog. Such a use of the particle on, for quoting the language of any one, is of freq…
354 wordsSECTION 236Apocalypse 1Y. 1.
1. Mercc ravra, after these things ) In this passage there is a great division of interpretations into two paths. For the question arises, Whether the event of the seals began immediately after the writing of the book, or whether it is still altogether future ? The celebrated 1 AC Vulg. retain on before nKovoiog. B…
553 wordsSECTION 237Apocalypse 1Y. 2.
proper limits. Thus this celebrated, man takes the millennium for the half-hour during which there was silence in the seventh seal, the former seals being thus very much crowded together, and all the trumpets being accommodated to this : then, having stated his opinion respecting the mystery of the last times, as t…
381 wordsSECTION 238Apocalypse Iy. 3-G.
219 3. ’la tc/bi, a jasper) While the Sardine stone is of a fiery colour , and resembles the appearance of blood, the Jasper expresses a whitish red. — Lampe on this passage. — aapbif) Erasmus, with the inferior Latin editions, have ffapblvw : the others correctly, capblu. idffxidi xa) ffapd/u are substantives : c…
478 wordsSECTION 239Apocalypse Iv. 7, 8.
calmly. Comp. ch. xv. 2, where both the expression, as a sea of glass , is used, and also a sea of glass , being the same as to substance, as I think. So John vi. 19, ug crabiovg e/xotiwevre, where ug properly relates to the number. Vitringa departs further from the meaning of a sea , when he explains it to be a st…
479 wordsSECTION 240Apocalypse Iv. 9—11.
221 subject of His Holiness. And, as in that instance, so this Apoca- lyptic Tpiffdyiov also in the text itself, points out its own meaning in relation to itself : Holy, He who was : Holy, He who is : Holy, He who is to come. He showed Himself as an object of holy worship, in the creation of all things : He sho…
396 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1859); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.