PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK

The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 2

Nicoll, W. Robertson (editor), 1851-1923 · 731,986 words · 1069 reading sections

Χχνιιι.

οἱ δὲ ἠπίστουν. 25.) ἀσύμφωνοι δὲ ὄντες πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀπελύοντο, 5 a a « a A . εἰπόντος τοῦ Παύλου ῥῆμα ἕν, Ὅτι καλῶς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ "Άγιον ἐλάλησε διὰ Ἡσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου πρὸς τοὺς πατέρας ? ἡμῶν, λέγον, 26. “' Πορεύθητι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον καὶ εἶπέ, ᾽Ακοῇ ἀκούσετε, καὶ 1 After ασυµ. ΑΝ’, Vulg., Syr. Pesh. read τε…

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Πραξεις Αποστολων

Ver. 26. πορεύθητι . . . εἶπέ: the quotation is accurately taken from the LXX, Isai. vi. 9, 10, and the first line is additional to the words otherwise given in full by St. Matthew; as the speaker is the messenger to the Jews who condemns 25---20. οὗ μὴ curate: καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε. 55! 27. ἐ…

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Xxviii.

552 30.) Ἔμεινε δὲ 6 Παῦλος διετίαν ὅλην ἐν ἰδίῳ µισθώµατι, καὶ ἀπεδέχετο πάντας τοὺς εἰσπορευομένους 3 πρὸς αὐτόν, 31. κηρύσσων 1 For εμεινε (Lach., Blass, Hilg.) S*B 13, 61, Tisch., W.H., R.V., Wendt, Weiss have ενεµεινε; Blass in B has µενων with Par. ο M.om. W.H., R.V., Weiss (not Blass, Hilg.), cf. αντον for…

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part, but identical after axwA.

50----31. τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ Θεοῦ,! καὶ διδάσκων τὰ περὶ τοῦ Κυρίου ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ, μετὰ πάσης παῤῥησίας ἀκωλύτως. 1 Β]αθς with Syr. H., demid. tol., Par., Wern., Prov. reconstructs β text after του Θεονυ: διισχυριζοµενος και λεγων ακωλυτως, οτι ουτος εστιν o X. ο νιος του Θεον, δι ου µελλει πας ο κοσμος κρινεσθαι,…

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Introduction.

554 himself suggested that the Jews in Asia eught to be summoned, or to be present, xxiv. I9. That such delays would not be unusual we may learn from Tacitus, ε.ρ., Ann., xiii., 43; of. Suet., Nero, 15. When we remember how long a delay occurred in the case of the Jewish priests, the friends of Josephus, Vita, …

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558 Introduction

That Christianity was there long before this time is indubitable, but the Roman Christians, it has been suggested (see Harvey’s note on iren. ad loc.), “appear neither to have had an ecclesiastical polity nor to have been under the regular regimen of the Church. . . . Several expressions in the epistle seem to indi…

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Introduction 559

Tiber, by themselves, and they had ceaseless communications with Jerusalem. Hence many have supposed that Christianity came to Rome by some such channel as this. If it did, we should expect it to have originated in the synagogues, the existence of nine of which is definitely attested (Sanday and Headlam, p. xxiv.).…

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560 Introduction

the Epistle to the Romans, it has been argued that the large number of friends and acquaintances Paul had in the Church, and especially the conspicuous place given to his old associates Prisca and Aquila, prove that the Christianity of the Romans was essentially of the Pauline type, and that the Church therefore ow…

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562 Introduction

shows that the problem is a complex one; and there is no means of doing anything to solve it but to examine the facts once more. They are all contained in the epistle itself, and it will be convenient to adduce the evidence (1) for the Gentile-Christian character of the readers; (2) for the Jewish-Christian charact…

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Introduction 563

Jews are spoken of throughout in the third. Further, when Paul speaks of the Jews in chaps. ix.-xi., it is as ‘‘my brethren,” “ my kins- men according to the flesh,” not ours nor yours, as would have been the case had the bulk of the Church been of Jewish origin. : -(d) Chap. xv. 15 f. τολμηροτέρως δὲ ἔγραψα ὑμῖν κ…

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564 Introduction

προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα. Here also the explanation is the same, Paul says ‘‘our” forefather because he has no choice. He could speak of his fellow-countrymen as “my kinsmen according to the flesh” ; but it would have been obviously absurd for him to speak of Abraham as “my” forefather. It is only through his rela…

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Introduction 565

lent for this, written on his heart; but in both it wrought to the same issues. There is nothing in the world less Jewish, there is nothing more human, than Rom. vii. 7-24; but that is Paul’s description of life under the law, and of the working of the law in that life. We understand it only too well, though we are…

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566 Introduction

(Are we to sin, because we are not under law, but under grace ?) vii. 7 (What shall we say then? Is the law sin 2), xi. 1 (I say then, Hath God cast off His people ?). There are two obvious reasons why Paul should have developed his gospel by this dialectical process apart from the assumption that he is meeting the…

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Introduction 567

crigin, or strongly Jewish in sympathy. The apostle’s own applica- tion of their teaching in xi. 17-24 proves exactly the reverse. (ε) Still less can anything be made of an appeal to xiii. 1-7. The Jews were certainly a rebellious and turbulent race, and inherited theo- cratic ideas which might make them doubt the …

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Character Of The Epistle—Its Occasion And Purpose.

Tue character of the epistle has been a subject of as much discus- sion as the character of the readers, and the discussion is less likely ever to be closed. A writing of such vitality, which is always being in part lost, and always rediscovered in new power—a writing of such comprehensive scope and such infinite v…

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Introduction 569

East was done. From Jerusalem and round about unto Illyricum he had fully preached the gospel of Christ. He had no more place in these parts (xv. 19, 23). His eye was turned westward, and rested inevitably on Rome. He had wished to visit it for a good many years (xv. 23), perhaps ever since he had first met Prisca …

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Introduction 571

The various opinions as to the purpose of the letter have been: classified by almost all writers on Introduction under similar heads: it is only necessary to premise that such opinions do not in fact (whatever their authors may think) necessarily exclude one another. 1. The purpose of the letter, according to some,…

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$72 Introduction

an element of truth in it is not to be denied. Paul does not write in vacuo, in no concrete relations at all. In iii. 8 there is a hint of actual adversaries and their criticisms on the Pauline gospel ; in xvi. 17-20 there is another hint of at least possible ones. It may be, as has been noticed above (p. 566), tha…

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Introduction 573

for Christian morality ; that the only good man is the forgiven man, and that he is good, not because he is under law, but because he is not under law but under grace. There must have been many men who were practically Christian, and that, too, in the broad sense, which gave no advantage to the Jew over the Gentile…

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574 Introduction

and building up of the universal Church” (Hort), about to visit Jerusalem at once, and Rome, if he can, immediately afterwards, his desire is to win and to unite all. From this point of view it is possible to form a conception of the purpose the epistle which will do something like justice to it as a whole. \ lt i…

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Introduction 575

Jews in it; no sentence such as 1 Thess. ii. 15 f. or Gal. v. 12. It is an establishment of principles he aims at; except in iii. 8, xvi. 17-20 there is no reference to persons. Even in chaps. ix.-xi. (see the introduction at chap. ix.) the whole tone is conciliatory ; the one thing which tries our faith in them is…

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Integrity Of The Epistle.

ΤΗΕ integrity of the Epistle to the Romans has been called in question mainly in connection with chaps. xv. and xvi. Partly on the ground of textual phenomena, partly on internal grounds, the authenticity of these chapters has been denied, in whole or in part ; and even among those who recognise chap. xvi. as Pauli…

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INTRODUCTION Ley

Scripture evangelice et apostolice interpolate sunt, de hac epistola penitus abstulit ; et non solum hoc sed et ab eo loco, ubi scriptum est : omne autem quod non est ex fide peccatum est : usque ad finem cuncta dissecuit. In aliis vero exemplaribus, id est, in his quae non sunt a Marcione temerata, hoc ipsum caput…

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578 Introduction

point, though otherwise it is a very unnatural one, as the subject and sense of chap. xiv. run on unbroken to xv. 13. 2. There is at xv. 33 what has sometimes been taken as another ending: ‘‘ The God of peace be with you all. Amen.” 3, There is the benediction at xvi. 20: “The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with…

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Introduction 579

p. 577), there is evidence that the doxology stood in different positions (at xiv. 23 for one) before Origen’s time, and independently of Mar- cion’s mutilated copies. Hence some one must have felt that xiv. 23 was not an impossible place to stop at, and that for other than Marcion’s reasons ; and if some one, why …

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580 Introduction

of breaking new ground. It is the principle on which he will act still, for he takes Rome only en route for Spain; but that ‘s not inconsistent with anything he purposes to do at Rome in the way of Christian work, nor with anything he does in this epistle. On the same principle Lipsius omits also verses 23 and 24; …

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Introduction 581

in the idea that though they were in Ephesus, say in 54 and 57 a.p., and again say in 66, they should have been in Rome in 58. Paul must have had his information about the Church in Rome from some one ; and nothing is so likely as that he had it from his old and intimate associates, Aquila and Priscilla, who had th…

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582 Introduction

difficulty that none of all these people are mentioned in the letters the Apostle afterwards wrote from Rome (see Col. iv. 10 f.), scholars like Lightfoot, Gifford and Sanday find no reason to give up the historical tradition which makes this chapter an integral part of the epistle addressed to Rome. There is reall…

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INTRODUCTION ι 583

The text printed in this commentary is the Textus Receptus, but that which is commented upon is practically that of Westcott and Hort. Various readings, of any importance, have been carefully noted in the apparatus criticus, with such an indication of the authorities for them as will be sufficient for those who do …

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§84 Introduction

To estimate the value of any reading it is necessary to con- sider the relations to each other of the authorities which support it. Inthe Epistle to the Romans, as elsewhere in the New Testa- ment, these authorities tend to fall into groups. Thus 8B form one; DEFG a second; and NACLP a third. SB form what Westcott…

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Ρωμαιους Επιστολη.

I. 1. ΠΑΥΛΟΣ δούλος Ιησού Χριστοῦ," κλητὸς ἀπόστολος, ἀφωρισμένος a1 Core εἰς εὐαγγέλιον Θεοῦ, 2. (3 προεπηγγείλατο διὰ τῶν προφητῶν αὐτοῦ | ~ CHAPTER I.—Vv. 1-7. The usual salutation of the Apostle is expanded, as is natural in writing to persons whom he has not seen, into a description both of himself and of hi…

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Προς Ρωμαιους 1.

a (Hens 4 ον ~ κ, 3 - a ΄ > , ἐν γραφαις ἁγίαις,) 3. περὶ TOU υἱού αὐτοῦ, (τοῦ yevopevou ἐκ σπέρ- bCh. ix.s. patos Δαβὶδ κατὰ "σάρκα, 4. τοῦ ὁρισθέντος υἱοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν δυνάµει c Acts i. 25; : Cor, ix. κατὰ πνεύμα ἁγιωσύνης, ἐξ ἀναστάσεως νεκρῶν;) ᾿Ιησού Χριστού τού 2; Gal. ii. 8. by itself, “the Son of God” is, in …

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Προς Ρωμαιους 1.

Ver. 5. Through Christ Paul received χάριν κ. ἀποστολήν. The plural, ἐλά- βομεν, may mean no more than the nq κ, ΠΡΟΣ ΡΩΜΛΙΟΥΣ 587 πίστεως maou τοῖς ἔθνεσιν, ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος "αὐτοῦ, 6. ἐν οἷς d Ch. xvi 26; Acts ἐστε καὶ ὑμεῖς, κλητοὶ ᾿Ιησοῦ Χριστοῦ”) 7. πᾶσι τοῖς οὖσιν ἐν Ῥώμῃ; yi & me i ‘3 é ~€ Acts ν. 41, …

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588 Προς Ρωμαιους Ἱ

Ver. 8. πρῶτον µέν. Nothing can take precedence of thanksgiving, when Paul thinks of the Romans, or indeed of any Christian Church in normal health. πρῶτον μὲν suggests that something is to follow, but what it is we are not told; Paul’s mind uncon- sciously leaves the track on which it started, at least so far …

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588 Προς Ρωμαιους Ἱ

Ver. 12. τοῦτο δέ ἐστιν: an ex- planatory correction. Paul disclaims being in a position in which all the giving must be on his side. When he is among them (ἐν ὑμῖν) his desire is that he may be cheered and strengthened with them (the subject of συνπαρακλη- θῆναι must be ἐμὲ in the first instance, though wideni…

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9 16. Προς Ρωμαιους 589

καὶ ἐν τοῖς λοιποῖς ἔθνεσιν. 14. “EAAnol τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς 3 απ eee τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις ὀφειλέτης εἰμί: 15. " οὕτω τὸ KaT ἐμὲ πρόθυµον καὶ 2 Rev.iii.16 ὑμῖν τοῖς ἐν Ῥώμῃ } εὐαγγελίσασθαι. 16. OF γὰρ ἐπαισχύνομαι τὸ οἱ Cor. Ἱ. A ~ ‘ - , εὐαγγέλιον τοῦ Χριστού 3: ° δύναμις γὰρ Θεοῦ ἐστιν eis σωτηρίαν παντὶ 3334,…

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Προς Ρωμαιους 1.

59° ~ , ~ ,¢ τῷ πιστεύοντι, ᾿Ιουδαίω τε πρῶτον καὶ Ἕλληνι. p 2 Cor.v.21. q Ch. xvi, { 17. δικαιοσύνη γὰρ ΡΘεού ἐν αὐτῷ * ἀποκαλύπτεται ἐκ πίστεως εἰς πίστιν, καθὼς γέγραπται, + Hab. Η΄ Ὁ δὲ δίκαιος ἐκ πίστεως " {ήσεται.” meanings which have been assigned to it attempt to justify themselves as rele- vant, or …

The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 2

Χχνιιι.

Πραξεις Αποστολων

Xxviii.

part, but identical after axwA.

Introduction.

558 Introduction

Introduction 559

560 Introduction

562 Introduction

Introduction 563

564 Introduction

Introduction 565

566 Introduction

Introduction 567

Character Of The Epistle—Its Occasion And Purpose.

Introduction 569

Introduction 571

$72 Introduction

Introduction 573

574 Introduction

Introduction 575

Integrity Of The Epistle.

INTRODUCTION Ley

578 Introduction

Introduction 579

580 Introduction

Introduction 581

582 Introduction

INTRODUCTION ι 583

§84 Introduction

Ρωμαιους Επιστολη.

Προς Ρωμαιους 1.

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588 Προς Ρωμαιους Ἱ

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9 16. Προς Ρωμαιους 589

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