PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 3
Nicoll, W. Robertson (editor), 1851-1923 · 383,339 words · 613 reading sections
Χι. 30—33.
(Gal. i. 17) and is narrated in Acts ix. 23-25. The date of it is important in the chronology of the Apostle’s life, It could not have been before a.p. 34, for coins of Tiberius prove Damascus to have been under direct Roman administration in that year. Tiberius was unlikely to have handed Damascus over to Areta…
296 wordsSECTION 122I
XII. 1. Καυχᾶσθαι! δὴ 5 εἰς Ῥ Χριστῷ πρὸ ἐτῶν δεκατεσσάρων, (εἴτε "ἐν "σώματι,ῖ οὐκ οἶδα " 4 ἐκτὸς ὅ τοῦ ὃ σώματος, οὐκ οἶδα " aA , a τὸν τοιοῦτον ἕως τρίτου οὐρανοῦ. οὐ συμφέρει ὃ 5 ὀπτασίας ὅ καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις Κυρίου." 6 "Θεὸς 109 por ἐλεύσομαι yap *? ch ney 2. οἶδα ἄνθρωπον ἢ ἐν Acts xxvi. biel vt. er. V.…
726 wordsSECTION 123Χπ.
Vy. 3,4. καὶ οἶδα τὸν τοιοῦτον κ.τ.λ.: and I know such a man (he speaks with such caution and reticence of this ied aioe οὐκ ἐξὸν, ἀνθράπῳ λαλῆσαν, 5. ὑπὲρ τοῦ τοιούτου καυχήσομαι " | Reff.i. 55. ὑπὲρ] δὲ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐ καυχήσομαι, εἰ μὴ ἐν ταῖς ' ἀσθενείαις μου." πι Reff. i. 8. n 2 Thess. ii. 4 only. 6. ἐὰν γὰρ θ…
800 wordsSECTION 124Iit
5-9. iva! μὴ " ὑπεραίρωμαι. , - Ἐπ πὰς Φλ Ee δ ‘ ” , s? a ε κάλεσα, ἵνα "ἀποστῇ ἀπ᾽ ἐμοῦ" 9. καὶ εἴρηκέ μοι, "᾿Αρκεῖ σοι ἢ ’ ἜΣ ἐν δύ Η 4 é > 0 , λ a Χχᾶρις μου" η yap ὀυναµις μου ν ἀσῦύενειᾳ τελειουται. 8. ὑπὲρ 3 τούτου τρὶς ὃ τὸν Κύριον mape-r Luke iv. 13;1 Tim. Vi. 5. s John xiv. 4 8; 1 Tim. ἥδιστα 3 ἀλλ…
735 wordsSECTION 125Χι,
Ver. 9. καὶ εἴρηκέ μοι κ.τ.λ.: and He hath said (note the perf. as expressing the abiding validity of the Divine pro- mise; so often in quotations from the Ο.Τ., e.g., Acts xiii. 34, Heb. iv. 4, x. 9) to me, ‘‘My grace is sufficient for thee (cf. Isa. xliii. 2), for My power is being made perfect (τελεῖσθαι is f…
675 wordsSECTION 126Χι,
Ver. 12. σημεῖα κ.τ.λ.; ful (there is no antithesis to μέν) the pina of an Apostle (τοῦ is generic, “such as might be expected from an Apostle” ΧΑ Mark. xvi. 20) were wrought (note passive; he does not claim to be any- thing more than God's instrument ; οὐδέν ἐστι) among you in all patience, δε., On my part (ὑπ…
287 wordsSECTION 127Προς Κορινθιους B
m 1 Cor. xvi. 2. irq e Reff. i. 6. f Acts ii. 22; Rom. xv. 13. τί γάρ ἐκκλησίας ; εἰ μὴ ὅτι αὐτὸς * 9; Heb. ii. πρὸς ὑμᾶς, καὶ οὐ “ καταναρ- 4: p pees g Chap. xi. 8 only. Reff. ii. 7. i Acts xxi. 13; Dan. iil, 15. k Chap. xi. 8 only. 1 Cor. x. Οἱ Cor, xi. 17 only. ἀλλ᾽ οἱ γονεῖς τοῖς τέκνοις ᾿ ἃ ἐκδ…
447 wordsSECTION 128Vol, Iii,
paid two previous visits to Corinth, the first of which is described in Acts xviii. That we have no details of the second is no argument against its having taken Ρίαοε.- καὶ οὐ καταναρκ. κ.τ.λ.: and I will not be a burden to you, following in this my practice on the two former occasions; for I seek not yours but…
254 wordsSECTION 129Χι,
16. Ἔστω δὲ, ἐγὼ οὐ Ρ κατεβάρησα } ὑμᾶς, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπάρχων “ πανοῦργος 17. μή τινα ὧν ἀπέσταλκα πρὸς ὑμᾶς, δι” 18. παρεκάλεσα Τίτον, καὶ ' συναπέσ- 1 Thess. τειλα τὸν ἀδελφόν ὃ: μή τι ἐπλεονέκτησεν ὑμᾶς Τίτος; οὐ τῷ αὐτῷ μη τη μ ω αὐτῷ t Here only. u Rom. iv. 12; 1 Pet. ii. 41, v Acts xxiv. 10; Rom. ii. 15. w Chap…
663 wordsSECTION 130Προς Κορινθιους Β
Ver. 20. φοβοῦμαι yap κ.τ.λ.: for I fear lest by any means, when I come, I should find you not such as I would, and should myself be found of you such as ye would not, t.e., indignant to severity at their backsliding of x. 2), lest by any means there should be strife (cf. 1 Cor. 1. II, iii. 3), jealousy, ragings…
746 wordsSECTION 131Xiii,
Ver. 3. ἐπεὶ δοκιμὴν κ.τ.λ.: seeing that ye seek a proof of Christ speaking in me (cf. Matt. x. 20), 1.6., a proof that lam really an ‘‘ Apostle” with a ‘‘ mission” from Christ to speak in His Name. This last thought leads him into a short digression, ‘He who has thus com- missioned me is not weak, but strong, …
696 wordsSECTION 132I—9.
a witness to mine—that Christ dwells in you is a proof that He dwells in me, who preached Him to you. Cf. chap. i. 24, ul. 2. 5 Ver. 5. ἑαντοὺς πειράζετε κ.τ.λ. : try your own selves (πειράζειν generally has a sinister sense in the Ν.Τ, = “to tempt,” as at 1 Cor. vii. 5, x. 9, Gal. vi. 1, 1 Thess. iii. 5; but s…
286 wordsSECTION 133Προς Kopinoioys B
7. " εὔχομαι ϑ δὲ πρὸς τὸν Θεὸν, μὴ ποιῆσαι ὑμᾶς κακὸν στη 5. ἑαυτοὺς 9 Rev. ii.2 iii. το; Ps. ἢ οὐκ XXV. 2. p Reff. viii. εἰ ια 8. μη q Reff. i. 13. 6. ἐλπίζω δὲ ὅτι γνώσεσθε ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐκ ἐσμὲν τ Rom. i. 28; 1 Cor. ix. 27;2 Tim. ili. 8; Tit. s Rom. ix. 8. οὐ γὰρ δυνάμεθά τι κατὰ 3; 3 John τῆς ἀληθείας, …
659 wordsSECTION 134Xii.
118 meee of. τὴν ὑμῶν * κατάρτισιν. 10. διὰ τοῦτο ταῦτα ἀπὼν γράφω, ἵνα Ἐρδ. ἵν, παρὼν ph ᾿ ἀποτόμως χρήσωμαι 3 κατὰ τὴν ἢ ἐξουσίαν ἣν ἔδωκέ ὃ 14, 1 Thess. iii. μοι ὁ Κύριος εἰς ” οἰκοδομὴν, καὶ οὐκ εἰς 7 καθαίρεσιν. x Tit. i. 13 11. "Λοιπὸν, ἀδελφοὶ, χαίρετε, "καταρτίζεσθε, παρακαλεῖσθε, " τὸ " ly; ‘ > Wisd. …
676 wordsSECTION 135Προς Κορινθιους Β
Ver. 13. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κ. κ.τ.λ.: the Grace of the Lord Fesus Christ (his con- cluding salutation in Rom., 1 Cor., Gal., Phil., Philm., r and 2 Thess.), and the Love of God (see on v. 14), and the Fellowship of the Holy Spirit (as at Phil. ii. 1, and cf. 1 Cor. 1. 9, x. 16) be with you all, even with those who opp…
543 wordsSECTION 136Introduction.
Text. The text of this Epistle has been constructed with due regard to the traditional text (Textus Receptus) on which our Authorised Version was based. But the discovery of MSS. not then known, and the critical study of ancient authorities since that time, necessitate careful revision and extensive alteration of …
277 wordsSECTION 137124 Introduction
and a comprehensive philosophy which assigns to law, to the spirit, and to the flesh their several functions in God’s government of the world, with intense spirituality and absolute devotion to the Lord Jesus. The Apostle Paul alone of the Apostles and their con- temporaries exhibited this rare combination of menta…
433 wordsSECTION 138Introduction 125
Loca.ity OF THE GALATIAN CHuRCHES. The locality of these Churches demands attentive consideration, for on the determina- tion of this depends not only the date of the Epistle, but the whole of its historical connection with the life of Paul. The theory that these Churches were situated amidst the Keltic population …
443 wordsSECTION 139126 Introduction
it was formed more than a generation ago, when comparatively little was known of the internal geography of Asia Minor, or of its condition under the Cesars: whereas Professor Ramsay’s advocacy of the opposite view is founded on intimate acquaintance with the geography and history of the country during the first cen…
447 wordsSECTION 140Introduction 127
planted their synagogues in the principal centres of commerce and civilisation. It was certainly his practice to establish groups of Churches round the several capitals of provinces, and link those centres together by chains of Churches along the main roads, and so to create an ecclesiastical organisation closely c…
433 wordsSECTION 141128 Introduction
borders. Gradually they mingled more freely than at first with the Phrygian population, adopted their religion, though they retained their own language, and dwelt among them as a dominant race, so that Northern Galatia became the home of a settled people. But a century later the Mithridatic wars swept to and fro ac…
446 wordsSECTION 142Introduction 129
Antioch and. Ephesus passed through it and it became a principal channel for the flow of Greek commerce and civilisation eastwards. They were careful accordingly to plant and foster colonies of Greeks and Jews along the line of route. Hence came the mingled popula- tion of Greeks and Jews amidst whom Paul found so …
453 wordsSECTION 143120 Introduction
Saviour of the whole world rather than the promised Messiah of the Hebrews, and rallied round the Apostle as the foremost champion of Greek freedom in Christ. It was the commencement of a veritable revolution. Hitherto Christianity had been regarded for the most part as a national religion, it was now perceived to …
443 wordsSECTION 144Introduction 131
Accordingly, the conversion of the Gentiles made at first but slow progress; few came within touch of the Christian ministry but those who had already become regular attendants on the worship of the synagogue, the devout Gentiles who clustered round Jewish congre- gations in Greek cities. These were not proselytes,…
465 wordsSECTION 145132 Introduction
neither their route nor their methods could be fully determined in advance, for they depended on future openings that might present themselves, and were therefore in large measure left to their own judgment. But the direction in which it was launched gives a clear intimation of the desires and hopes that animated i…
424 wordsSECTION 146Introduction 133
Antioch and in Iconium, and these, like the devout Gentiles every- where, were disposed to give a cordial welcome to the preaching of Christ. Accordingly, it was in those cities that His Apostles gained their first conspicuous success; there Asia Minor first awoke to the call of the Gospel, and the first fruits wer…
453 wordsSECTION 147124 Introduction
fested itself in their proceedings. Paul and his Company (as they are designated in Acts xiii. 13), crossing to the mainland, struck at once across Pamphylia and the Pisidian highlands into the interior. The desertion of John Mark at this critical moment is significant. He was warmly attached to his cousin Barnabas…
447 wordsSECTION 148Introduction 135
forbid any suspicion that the change was owing to caprice or to irresolution on his part. Nor was it due to the immediate and unexpected success of their ministry in that city ; on the contrary, his recorded address in their synagogue furnishes ample evidence of his previous failure to touch the consciences or win …
463 wordsSECTION 149136 Introduction
left him no choice but to prolong his stay in the country, and so occasioned the conversion of the Galatians as its eventual result. Evidently the illness beset him so soon after his arrival that he had no time before the attack either to resume his journey or to entertain any plan for preaching where he was. It wa…
485 wordsSECTION 150Introduction 137
ran from Syria to the western coast of Asia and so linked the eastern provinces of the Empire with Greece and Rome by way of Ephesus, It was besides in direct communication with the southern coast of Pamphylia, and so with Cyprus; for a system of military roads, studded with colonies, converged upon it from the sou…
492 wordsSECTION 151138 Introduction
from the country that they were able to organise a permanent frame- work for the government of the several Churches. According to their own report of their mission, its most conspicuous feature had been the door of faith which God had opened to the Gentiles. The widespread alarm raised in the Churches of the Circum…
441 wordsSECTION 152Introduction 139
verses of the Epistle throw a clear light on the motive which prompted it. In i. 1 he vindicates his own apostolic commission, in i. 6-9 the truth of his Gospel, against an attack which was troubling the peace of the Galatian Churches in his absence. The move- ment was not spontaneous, but due to an intrigue set on…
481 wordsSECTION 153140 Introduction
the Gospel by direct revelation from Christ, but gathered it at second-hand from the Twelve. To meet this insidious policy, he was forced to place on record the true history of his conversion and subsequent ministry in Christ. He relates accordingly Οο 5 revelation to him of His Son from heaven, his secret communio…
463 wordsSECTION 154Introduction 141
tion of the Law, by union with His life they have become partakers of His Spirit. They are therefore freed in Christ from the dominion of the Law unless they wilfully submit themselves to its yoke afresh by embracing circumcision. For the spirit within them stedfastly resists every sinful lust of the flesh, and bri…
491 wordsSECTION 155142 Introduction
Christ to exempt Gentile converts from circumcision—a right which had been seriously disputed, but strenuously maintained by them. It further appears that James, Peter and John welcomed them as brethren in Christ, and fully recognised their special commission from God to preach the Gospel to the Gentiles. In Acts x…
464 wordsSECTION 156Introduction 143
the utmost peril. Herod was hunting down its leaders for death, and they were seeking safety in concealment or flight. Neither they nor Saul could show their faces without imminent danger, much less assemble to discuss the claims of the uncircumcised. The envoys could only depart in haste after depositing their alm…
449 wordsSECTION 157144 Introduction
consequence of this deference to the Mosaic law, been charged with preaching circumcision (v. 11). But the two questions were really distinct, and he is careful in this Epistle to confine himself to the subject of circumcision. ΗΙΘΤΟΒΙΟΑΙ, CONNECTION OF THE EPISTLE WITH THE LIFE OF PAUL, The Galatian Epistle belon…
439 wordsSECTION 158Introduction 145
from Jewish to Christian doctrine, and his language in regard to them could not fail to become in some measure stereotyped. We tread on far safer ground when we rely on historical con- siderations for determining the occasion of the Epistle. During the seven years of continuous transition from Jewish to Christian d…
469 wordsSECTION 159146 Introduction
circumcision (v. 11). The imputation seems absurd in view of his later life, and would have been so after he had openly broken with the synagogue, but was plausible enough when he was bent above all things on promoting harmony between the two sections of the Church by some voluntary sacrifices of Greek freedom in C…
463 wordsSECTION 160Introduction 147
\ the appeal which he now makes in his own name (as we have fore- warned you of late, 1 say again). This date explains also the absence of any greeting from a Christian Church by name, for at the time the Apostle had only begun to gather round him the nucleus of the future Church of Corinth in the house of Aquila …
472 wordsSECTION 161Προς Γαλατας3
their state; the Apostle was in no hurry to make his voice heard among them—he let three years pass before he revisited them, and then only on his way to Ephesus. Yet an incidental reference in 1 Cor. xvi. 1 attests his confidence in their unshaken loyalty. It appears from that passage that when he appealed to all …
620 wordsSECTION 162Προς Taaatas 1.
ἐκ νεκρῶν.) 2. καὶ οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοὶ, ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Γαλατίας: 3. χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ πατρὸς, καὶ Κυρίου ἡμῶν 1 Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, 4. τοῦ δόντος ἑαυτὸν περὶ" τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν Ίημων BDEFGKL,; placed after πατρος ΝΑΡ 17. 2 περι NADEFGKLP ; νπερ B 17, 67. thereupon God had visibly sealed his appoint…
663 wordsSECTION 163Προς Γαλατας
resses the motive of the Saviour by the addition ὅπως ἐξέληται . . .—aldvos. In early Greek this word denote/ the appointed lifetime of man, and so com- bined the thought ofan overruling destiny with the course of human life. From the conception of individual life was developed that of corporate life, whether of…
702 wordsSECTION 164Προς Taaatas 1.
Ver. 6. μετατίθεσθε: ye are removing (not vemoved asin A.V.). The agitators had not yet achieved any decisive suc- cess, though the Galatians were disposed to lend too ready an ear to their sugges- tions. It was not so much their actual progress, as the evidence afforded of the instability of the Galatian faith,…
781 wordsSECTION 165Προς Γαλατας
Ver. ο. προειρήκαμεν. The contrast between this plural and the singular λέγω proves that Paul is here referring, not to previous warnings of his own by letter, but to joint warnings given by his companions Silas and Timothy as well as himself during his visit to the Churches, He never speaks of himself in the pl…
729 wordsSECTION 166Προς Taaatas 1.
Ver. 11. γνωρίζω. Here, as in 1 Cor. xii. 3, xv. 1, this verb has the force of reminding rather than of making known. In all three passages the author calls attention to forgotten truths, which had once been well known. Ver. 12. ἐγὼ. The personal pronoun is inserted, because the author is here laying stress on …
677 wordsSECTION 167Προς Taaatas 1.
Ver. 15. ἀφορίσας. Paul looks back on his parentage and early years as a providential preparation for his future perso be this view is justified by his antecedents. By birth at once a Hebrew, a Greek and Roman citizen, educated in the Hebrew Scriptures and in Greek learning, he combined in his own person the mo…
307 wordsSECTION 168Προς Taaatas
"ο αἵματι, 17. οὐδὲ ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα πρὸς τοὺς πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀποστό- λους, ἀλλ᾽ ἀπῆλθον εἰς ᾽Αραβίαν, καὶ πάλιν ὑπέστρεψα εἰς Δαμασκόν. 18. Ἔπειτα μετὰ τρία ἔτη ἀνῆλθον εἰς Ἱεροσόλυμα ἱστορῆσαι lpia ern ΝΑΡ 17, etc.; ern τρια BDEFGKL. from God Saul had no occasion to seek further advice from man. There is an ap…
755 wordsSECTION 169Προς Γαλατας 3
This narrative is so independent of the account given of Paul’s first meeting with the Twelve in Acts ix. 26-29, that some Critics question the identity of the Κηφᾶν, καὶ ἐπέμεινα πρὸς αὐτὸν ἡμέρας δεκαπέντε" 19. ἕτερον δὲ τῶν ἀποστόλων οὐκ εἶδον, εἰ μὴ ᾿Ιάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Κυρίου. 20. ἃ δὲ γράφω ὑμῖν, ἰδοὺ ἐ…
777 wordsSECTION 170Προς Taaatas
The name Syria is placed before Cilicia, though the ministry at Tarsus preceded that at Antioch: for the latter was by far the more important and prolonged ministry. A further reason for placing / 157 23. ἤμην δὲ ἀγνοούμενος τῷ προσώπῳ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις τῆς Ιουδαίας ad > a , ‘ , > a ε , ε a ταις ἐν Χριστῷ" 23. μ…
684 wordsSECTION 171Προς Γαλατας
Ver. 1. διὰ δεκατ. ἐτῶν. Greek usage in calculating intervals of time between two events reckons two years for the two broken years at the beginning and end of the period. Some critics, notably Lightfoot, calculate this period from the meeting with Peter mentioned in i. 18: but this attaches far too much importa…
778 wordsSECTION 172Προς Ταλατας
Ver. 3. Howbeit even Titus, who was with me, being a Greek, had not been compelled mg 4 circumcised, The last verse related the steps taken by Paul to disarm opposition. He was, however, no less resolute in his resistance to any en- croachment on Christian freedom. The presence of Titus with him attested his de…
744 wordsSECTION 173Il
Ver. 6. The author here resumes the broken thread of the narrative, which he interrupted after νετ. 2 in order to show that his conciliatory attitude at Jerusalem was not due to weakness or irresolution. He now proceeds to relate the sequel of the advances which he made at Jerusalem to the Pharisaic party. The r…
816 wordsSECTION 174Προς Γαλατας
Ver. 8. ἐνεργήσας. When this verb is applied to the work of the Spirit in the hearts of men, the preposition ἐν is added to it. The absence of é before Πέτρῳ and ἐμοί indicates that this verse is not describing the work of grace in the hearts of Peter and Paul, but the work of God for them, i.e., for the further…
515 wordsSECTION 175Vol. Iii.
neers µεν NaACDE, Πετρος DEFGKL. in the Greek text. The force of καί i to intensify the following verb. I wa not only willing, but was indeed ealou to do so. Vv. r1-14. INTRIGUE AT ANT οοι TO AFFIX THE STIGMA OF UNCLEANNESS ON UNCIRCUMCISED BRETHREN, COUNTE- NANCED BY PETER AND BaRNABAS, BUT OPENLY REBUKED By…
726 wordsSECTION 176Vol. Iii.
Gentiles and then pressing upon them observance of the very principles that he had violated he was playing fast and loose with the Law. Ver. 12. ᾿Ιακώβον. Any visitors from the Church of Jerusalem might perhaps be said to come from James, who was its permanent head; but these brethren appear to have been in spe…
371 wordsSECTION 177Προς Γαλατας
ἀφώριζεν ἑαυτὸν, φοβούμενος τοὺς ἐκ περιτομῆς. 163 13. καὶ συνυπε- κρίθησαν αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ ᾿Ιουδαῖοι, ὥστε καὶ Βαρνάβας συναπήχθη αὐτῶν τῇ ὑποκρίσει. 14. ANN ὅτε εἶδον ὅτι οὐκ ὀρθοποδοῦσι πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, εἶπον τῷ Kya! ἔμπροσθεν πάντων, Εἰ σὺ, ᾿Ιουδαῖος ὑπάρχων, ἐθνικῶς ζῇς καὶ οὐκ ᾿Ιουδαϊκῶ…
735 wordsSECTION 178Προς Taaatas
nl, ἐθνῶν ἁμαρτωλοὶ, 16. εἰδότες δὲ} ὅτι οὐ δικαιοῦται ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ἔργων νόμου, ἐὰν ph διὰ πίστεως Χριστοῦ ᾿Ιησοῦ,2 καὶ ἡμεῖς εἰς Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν ἐπιστεύσαμεν, ἵνα δικαιωθῶμεν ἐκ πίστεως Χριστοῦ, καὶ οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων νόµου: ὅτι ὃ ἐξ ἔργων νόμου“ οὐ δικαιωθήσεται πᾶσα σάρξ. 17. εἰ δὲ ζητοῦντες δικαιωθῆναι ἐν Χριστῷ εὑρέ…
686 wordsSECTION 179Προς Γαλατας
earthly life. The is quoted with corresponding αμ» νὰ. in Rom. ili. 20. Ver.17. εἰ δὲ . . . ὁ The last verse arrived at the conclusion that Jewish converts by their own act con- 16—19. 165 καὶ αὐτοὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ, ἄρα Χριστὸς ἁμαρτίας διάκονος ; μὴ γένοιτο, 18. εἰ γὰρ ἃ κατέλυσα, ταῦτα πάλιν οἰκοδομῶ, παραβάτην ἐμ…
708 wordsSECTION 180Προς Γαλατας
The absence of the article before νόμῳ is noteworthy; whereas the Law of Moses, being the one revealed Law, is always designated the Law (6 vépos), νόμῳ denotes law in the abstract, so that this clause comprehends emancipa- tion from all control of externallaw. The freedom was, of course, purely spiritual: Paul…
714 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1897); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.