• In the Gospels there is a distinction between the 'Calletl,' «A»jTo., i.e. those who have roceive<l the hivitjition to enter the Messiah's kingdom, and the 'Ctiosen' (ixXi«r«>), i.e. those who have obeye<i it ; Mt 22'* ' Many are CAlled, but few chosen.' Hut in the Epistles this distinction vanishes, the WTiter having in mind the divine ifreatness and force of the call, not the human acce|>tance or rejection of it. See Lightfoot on (3ol S'«. Sandav-lleoalam on Ro 11.
344
CALLING
CAMEL
accuse him' — the tr. of Tindale, RV 'called,' as in mod. law-court phraseology, ' Call the next witness' (Gr. KaX^ui). Call on or call upon, used freiiuently, but always of God or the Name of God (ifii3 or i7nKa\iiii), as I's 50" 'c. upon me in the day of trouble.' In Ac 15" 'all the Gentiles, upon whom my name is called, saith the Lord ' (from Am 9'^ ' the heathen which are called by my name ') we see the reverse side. See this phrase in Dt 28'" (1'i'V "Ipi "''■■'" ci?! 'J "s name ia called over thee') and Driver's note there.
-Xne sense of the phrase,* says Driver, • appeare clearly from 2 S 12®, where Joab, while besieguig Uahbah, sends to urtje David to come in person and take it, lest / (omj>h.) take the city, and my name be called over it," i.e. lest 1 gain the credit of iiavinp captured it, and it be counted as my conquest. The phra.se expresses thus the fact of ownership — whether acquired Dy actual conquest or otherwise (cf. P8 4yi2(ll>j — coupled at the same time with the idea of protection ; and occurs frequently, esp. with reference to the people of Israel, Jems., or the Temple. The passages are : Am 912, Jer 7'<>- "■ '*• "O 14» 1518 (of Jer. him- self), 252' 32:" 3415, 1 K S"n)eut.) = 2 Ch 0^, Is 6319, 2 Ch VH, Dn 9i»- 1». (In NT Ac IS", Ja 2', both quotations by James from Am 912.] It is to be regretted,' adds Driver, 'that in EV the phrase is generally paraphrased obscurely, "called by my name" (which really corresponds to a different expression, 'Diyi Kipo, Is 43' ; cf. 4S1, Nu 3242) ; but the Kteral rendering, which in this case happens to he both clearer and more forcible than the paraphrase, 18 sometimes given in RVm (e.g. in 1 K 843).'
Call in question: Ac 19* [iyKaXiui, RV 'accuse'), 23' 24^' {Kplvoi). In these places, as elsewhere in older Englisli, the phrase means to put one on his trial before a court of justice. Cf. — ' He that was ia question for the robbery.
Shaks. nenri/ IV. (Ft. 2) i. U. 68.
J. Hastings. CALLING (kX^o-ij, vncatio), God's invitation to man to accept the benefits of His salvation. It is God's first act in the application of redemption, in accordance ^vith His eternal purpose (Ro S'^). A distinction is made between God's calling and men's acceptance of it (Mt 20"), the unrestricted offer and the appropriation which results from a hearty appreciation of what it implies. On God's part it is sure, and without repentance (Ro 11'^). God in Christ calls to Himself all who are in need of Him, and those who feel their need, come. God's calling of man is in Christ and unto fellow- ship with Himself in Christ (Ph 3"), and is con- veyed to all peoples by the preaching of the gospel and the administration of ordinances (Mt 28''- -"). In respect of its ethical significance and the spiritual condition which it aims at working in all who respond, it is described as a 'holy calling' (Ro 1', 1 Co V, 2 Ti 1"), and a 'heavenly calling' (He 3'). See Election. J. Macpherson.
CALLISTHENES {KaWiafffuT,,, 2 Mac 8").— A Syrian, who was captured by the Jews in a small house, where he had taken refuge, in the course of certain successes which followed the great victory over Nicanor and Gor^ias, in B.C. 165 (comp. 1 Mac 4'"*'). At a festival in celebration of the victory, the Jews Imrnt Callisthenes to death, because he had set fire to the portals of the temple (comp. 1 Mac 4-'*). H. A. White.
CALNEH, CALNO (.11^3, \i)-}, XaXiw,;, XaUvj,, Chalanne). — Calneh is mentioned as one of the four towns of the kingdom of Babylon (Gn 10'° ' And the beginning of his kingdom was Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneli, in the land of Shinar'), but cannot be identified with certainty. Some have thought it to be the Nipuru of the Bab. and A.isyr. inscriptions, the same as Nitler, a town situated between the Euphrates and the Tigris ; but this is an impossible identification. Most of the historians, like the Targura of Jerusalem, Eusebius, Jerome, and Ephraim the Syrian, identify it with Ctesiphon in Seleucia beyond the Tigris towards Elam ; hut this is also worthless. Plo
written record, in fact, has yet been found of the Calneh of Gn 10'°, the suggested identification oi Calneh with Kul-unu (Kullaba or Zirlaba) being rendered still more doubtful by tlie fact that Kul- unu is closely connected with Erech, and was perhaps a part of that city. Tlie Calno of Is I(> ('is not Calno as Carchemish?' etc.), where, according to the LXX, the tower was built, and the Calneh of Am 6" ('Pass ye to Calneh and see, and from thence go ye to Ilamath the great, then go down to Gath of the Philistines'), which seem to be mentioned as Syrian cities, are probably to be identified with the Kulnia * mentioned along with Arpad and Hadracli, both cities of Syria, in the Assyr. tribute lists []VAI ii. 53, No. 3), and cannot be the same as the Kullani mentioned ^vith the cities and districts lying to the north of Assyria in the geographical list ( IVAI ii. 53, No. I, 1. 6''), and therefore cannot be the same as the Kullani captured by Tiglath-pile.ser III. Notwithstanding that Kullani can hardly be identified \vith the Calno or Calneh of Isaiah and Amos, it is not improb- able that Fried. Delitzsch's identification of these biblical names with Kullanhu, situated about 6 miles from Arpad, may be correct. It seems certainly to be the best that has yet been suggested. L A. Pinches.