Elace or oven, ' or ever the chimneys in Sion were of (RV, after Syr., 'or ever tlie footstool of Sion was established '). This is the oldest mean- ing of the word in Eng., and is found as late as Goldsmith. Cf. Milton, L' Allegro, 111—
• Then lies him down the lubbar fiend, And, strct<:h'd out all the chimney's len^tk. Bosks at the lire his hain- strength.'
And Groldsmith, Deserted Village, 235 —
* While broken tca.cups, wisely kept for shew, Rant^ed o'er the chunney, glistened in a row.'
J. HA.STINOS.
CHINNEFETH (n-!'-).— A city (Dt 3", Jos 11», in latter sjielt Chinneroth, IS**) which gave its name to the Scaof Chinnereth (Nu 34", Jos 12^ 13-''), the OT designation of the Sea of Galilee. The site of the town is uncertain, but it follows Rakkath (probably Tiberias), and may have been in the plain of Gennesaret (cf. 1 K 15").
C. R. CONDER.
CHIOS (t) X(os) wa-s a large i.sland which formed part of the province of Asia, situated in the ./Egean Sea oil the Ionian coast, still called Scio (according to the Italian form), about 32 miles long from N. to S., and in breadth varying from 18 to 8 miles. It is separated from the mainland by a channel of varying width, which at its narrowest (about 5 miles acro.'Js) is blocked by a group of small islands. The ship in which St. Paul .sailed from Troas to Patara (on his way to Jerus.) passed through this channel as it sailed S. from Mitylene ; and it anchored for a night on the Asian coast opposite the island, and thence struck across the open sea S. to Samos (Ac 20"). The voyage of Herod by Rhodes, Cos, Chios, and Mitylene, towards tlie Black Sea, described by Jos. Ant. xvi. ii. 2, affords an interesting comparison with that of St. Paul. The channel is very picturesque. The chief city of the inland, bearing the same name, is situated on Ita E. coast, towards the S. end, probably facing the point where St. Paul's ship lay at anchor. The island is rocky (esp. in the broader N. part) and unproductive, except that it was famous for its wine, and its gum mastic has been a source of trade and profit both in ancient and in modern times. It was one of the seven places that claimed to be the birthplace of Homer; and a much stronger body of tradition speaks in favour of it than for any of the other claimants. Like Cnidus, Cos, Cyzicus, Ilium, Samos, Smyrna,
Mitylene, and many other cities of the province Asia, C. had the rank of a free city, which im- plied merely that in certain respects it was ad- ministered according to native law, while other Asian cities were administered according to Rom. law. W. M. K,VMSAY.
CHISLEY, AV Chisleu (i'?53, 2:exfi;Xo.; B, Xa<re7)\ou A, Neh 1', XaaeXev Zee 7'). See TiME.
CHISLON (liSsD ' strength,' Xo<rX(iv).— Father of Elidad, Benjamin's representative for dividing the land (Nu 34-' P).
CHISLOTH-TABOR, Jos 19'».— See Chesulloth.
CHITHLISH (irS??), Jos 15« in AV Kithlish.— A town in the Shephelah of Judah. The site is unknown.
CHITTIM (1 Mac 1' 8') for Kittim. •
CHIUN.— Notwithstanding the fact that both Luther and our AV have this word, it has con- tinued, even to our own lime, to be an open question among English and German sciiojars whether ]V2 is a common or a proper noun. If it were the former, it would signify the litter or pedestal on which the image of a deity was carried in cere- monial processions [see illustrations in Perrot and Chipiez's Chaldtca and Assyria, i. 75, ii. 90]. Ewald maintained this view : ' |V3, gestelle, von l'3n stellen mit dem • als zweitem Wurzellaute.' W. R. Smith, too, held that a ' pedestal ' was meant (Prijphets of Israel, p. 40U). The balance of opinion however, prej)onderates in the other direction. Chiun is obviously parallel to Siccuih (RV), or rather Saccuth (Assyr. Sak-kut): if the one is the name of a deity, so is the other. Moreover, it would be verj' strange if the prophet spoke of the litter rather than of the god carried on it. Ka-ai-va-nu (Schrader, KA T p. 443 ;* cf. SK 1874, p. .327) is the Assyr. name of the planet and planetary deity Saturn, who was credited with malignant influences. In Arab, and Persian, Saturn is called by the same name. Rawliiison, 1 luenicia, p. 26, speaking of the immigration of I'bceniciaii gods into tiie Egyptian pantlieon, .says that this deity found his way there under the name Ken. The appositional phrase, 'your star-god,' falls in perfectly with this interpretation. 'The evidence of the VSS is discordant. Acj. and Sym. have x^"^'" [.Jer. says c/tujn]. The LX\ 'Vai(p6.v, a corruption of Ka.i<pav. The Tar" and Pesh. reproduce the Heb. The Arab, has Rapliana ; Vulg. inuiginem. With regard to the sense of the only passage. Am 5**, where this deity is spoken of, there can be no doubt that it is a threat : ' But ye shall take up Sakkuth j'our king, and Kaivftn [or Kevftn] your star-god, your ima'-es which ye have made for yourselves, and I will cause you to go into exile.' Wellhausen, Die Kl. I'rii]ih. p. 83, argues th.at this threat must be a later addition, seeing that the Israelites of Amos' day were not chargeable with the worship of Assyr. gods. The/or»i of the word has struck many students as anomalous. An ingenious explanation has recently been advanced. Alter adverting to the fact that its vocalisation is the same as that of Siccuth [nssp, jv;]. Dr. C C. Torrey says : ' It seems to me pretty certain that for the form of these two names in our present text we are indebted to the misplaced wit or zeal of the Ma.s.soretcs. It is the famili.ar trick of fitting the pointing of one word to the consonant skeleton