In P» 6830 the word hayydh has been taken by AV in the Bense of * c.' (* Rebuke the c. of spearmen '), after Ibn Ezra, Calvin, etc. : but there is no absolutely certain instance of this meaning of the word (see Driver, Notes on Sam.^ on 1 S 1&^^ 2 S 2313, and Oa/. Heb. Lex. i.v.), and RV returns to the tr. of Vultf. ' Increpa feroa arundinis,' and Wyclif ' Blame thou the wielde beestis of the reheed,* givin^r * Rebuke the wild beast of the reeds,' the reference then being to the crocodile or hippopotamus of the Nile as sj-mbolical of the power of Egj-pt.
Ca 613 A V renders * What will ye see in the Shulamite ? As it were the c. of two armies,' tiiis time following Wyclif (* ^^^lat echalt thou se in the Sunamj'te, no but cumpenj'es of ooetis ? '), who takes the * nisi choros castrorum ' of Vulg. in that sense, which is the sense given by most of the VSS and Jewish com- mentators. But RV takes the Heb. mih6ldh in its in\ariable meaning of 'dance 'and mahilnHi/imaB a proper name, 'Why will ye look upon the Shulammite, as upon the dance of Mahanaim ? '
The vb. ' to c. together ' is used in Apoor. (Sus 1"- <"■ ") in the sense of ' to cohabit.' In NT ' to c. ■with ' is simply to associate with ; 1 Co 5° ' I WTote unto you in an epistle not to c. with fornicators ' (RV ' to have no c.') ; Ac 1-' ' these men which have companied with us all the time that the Lord Jesus went in and out among us.' J. HASTINGS.
COMPASS (cum together, passus step, hence ' a route that comes together or Joins itself ' — Skeat) is used both as subst. and as vb. 1. As subst. c. = (a) a ' circle,' ' sphere,' the vault of heaven (Is 40^, see Circle), or the horizon, PrS-'' 'he set ac. upon the face of the depth ' (:!n, RV 'circle') ; (b) instru- ment for making a circle. Is 44" ' the carpenter . . . marketh it [the image] out \rith thee' (njinp, RV ' the compasses ') ; (c) circumference, margin round. Ex 27' 38* (nS-ij), 1 K 7^ (r??); (d) the space within a circle, range, limit, 1 Es I'' ' within the c. of their holy temple ' (jrcpucituXv, RV ' round about their holy temple ), 1 Mac 14" ' within the c. of the sanctuary' (irepl^oXo^, RV ' precinct'). The phrase fetch a c. is ' make a circuit ' or 'go round about,' Heb. ajp, Ku 34», Jos 15», 2 S 5^,
2 K 3» ; Gr. ir«pt^pxo;xai, Ac 28" ' from thence we fetched a c., and came to Rhegium ' (RV ' made a circuit'). 2. As verb the meaning is either (a) make a circle round, surround, or (A) make a circuit round, go round. Thus (a) 1 S 23'-*' ' Saul and his men c"* David and his men round about to take them'; Lk 21^ 'When ve shall see Jerus. c** with armies' ; 2 S 2'2^=Ps "l8' ' the sorrows of hell c"'' me about ' (3J5, RV ' the cords of Sheol were round about me'); Ps 139' 'Thou c"' my
Sath and mj- lying down ' (•tt, RV ' searchest out ') ; er SI*' 'A woman shall c. a man' (i.e. prob. as protector, cf. Dt 32'<', Ps 32">). And (6) Dt 2' ' we c"* mount Seir many days' ; Jos 6" ' so the ark of the Lord c"" the city, going about it once ' ; Jer 31" 'the measuring line . . . shall c. about to Goah" (3;?, RV 'shall turn about unto Goah'); Mt 23'° 'ye c. sea and land to make one proselyte.'
J. Hastings. COMPASSION OR PITY. — These words have
become entirely sj'nonymous, and, with two ex. ceptions, they are so employed in A V. But in 1 P 3' and He ICP, compassion retains its original mean- ing of si/n\pa1h>j, being used to tr. respectively (Ti'/iTaCiis (see R\ m) and a-vfiTradelv.
With these exceptions the words are used in- differently both in AV and RVof the OT to translate the Heb. verbs V"n and cr-i (and adj. and subst. from latter). The second of them is frequently rendered 'have mercy.' The plural D'CDt (Gr. ffirXdTx^a) is also tr. ' bowels.' ' Pity ' tr. also D'n, po (usually = ' to be gracious'), ifn (once Job 6"), and 153 (once Ps 69^ marg. ' lament '). The equivalents in the LXX are olKTclpeiv, with the cognates oUTLpfxitSf olKrlpfiwv, ^Xceti', and ^efSftr^at, used indifferently. In Ezk 24'-' ' that which your soul pitieth ' (marg. ' pity of your soul ') is equiva- lent to 'object of affection' (cf. v.*"). There is a play upon words in the Hebrew.
In NT <o be moved icith c. tr. aTrXayxytl^fcSai, while iXfeip is twice represented by have c. (Mt 18"^, Ro 910 quoted from Ex 33" LS:X:). In the former of these passages, on its repetition, iXeeiv is rendered hnvepity. W ith this exception j3i<y only appears in NT in 1 P 3*, where pitiful tr. f (SffirXayx""". an<l in Ja 5", where ' the Lord is very pitiful and of tender mercy ' represents the common Heb. formula Dirn i!:n)(Ex34«etc.).