transferred to the Senate (Dio. Cass. liii. 12. liv. 4); consequently, Ac 13' is strictly accurate in describ ing Sergius Paulus as proconsul {dyBi'iraTos) in A.D 46. Of this Sergius Paulus no coins are kno'vvn, but an inscription exists at Karavostasi, which ia dated irl QavXov [drBv] irdrou (Hogarth, Devia Cypria p. 114). Several other names of proconsuls are known, e.p. Julius Cordus, CIG 2631, L. Annius Bassus, his successor, A.D. 52, CIG 2632 (quoted Conybeare and Howson, i. p. 187). See Hogarth, Devia Cypria, Appx., for a complete list.
The seat of government was at Paphos (wh. see), which had been the capital of the Ptolemaic priest- king, deposed in B.C. 68, and was most easUy accessible from the west, though Salamis (wh. see) was by far the largest and most important town in the island, owing to its proximity to the Syrian coast. Paphos was connected with Salamis by two roads — one inland and north of Tr6odos, vid Soloi, Tamassos, and Tremithus, about four days' journey ; the other easier, and along the south coast, vi& Kurion, Amathus, and Kition, about three days.* Neither of these was a Roman military road, but both followed well-worn native tracks.
Jews appear to have settled in C. in large numbers under the Ptolemaic regime, and probably more were attracted thither under the early Empire by the fact that Herod the Great farmed the Cypriote copper mines (Jos. Ant. xvi. iv. 5, cf. xix. 26, 28). They seem to have had more than one synagogue in Salamis (Ac 13°).
The dispersion after the death of Stephen carried Christians as far as Cyprus (Ac 11"), and shortly afterwards Cypriotes were preaching in Antioch (Ac 11"). Of'^ Cypriote Christians, two are known by name: Mnason, 'an original convert' (dpxaiof fiadrrr-fis, Ac 21"), and Joseph the Levite, surnamed Barnabas, the friend and companion of St. Paul (Ac 4'«).
In A.D. 117 the Jews of C. revolted, massaoied 240,000 pagans, and destroyed a large part of Salamis. Hadrian, afterwards emperor, suppressed the disorder, and expelled all Jews from Cyprus (Milman, iii. Ill, 112).
The Cliristian Church of C. was divided into thir- teen bishoprics ; in the 4th cent. , in consequence of the supposed discovery at Salamis (wh. see) of St. Matthew's Gospel in the tomb of Barnabas, it was made autonomous, and the Patriarch has ever since enjoyed the right to sign his name in red ink. The Council of C. in 401 was summoned, on the suggestion of Theophilus of Alexandria, to pro- hibit the reading of the works of Origen.
The word ' Cyprus ' does not occur in OT, but the island and the town Kition are frequently alluded to as ' Kittim,' which is identified with Cyprus by Jos. {Ant. I. vi. 1), Xidi/w. . . . Ki'/irpos aCrij yOn
(taXfiToi (cf. Epiph. Mar. xxx. 25). See Kittim.
LmiRATURi.— (^) MisosLLANKOUB : Cobham, An Attempt at a Bibliography qf Cypnu, Nicosia (3rd ed.), 1894 (exhaustive): Enpel, Kyprot, Berlin, 1841, 3 vols. ; Ungeru. Kotschy, Die Intel Cypern, Vienna, 180.^-66; Oberhummer, Aits Cyprm. Berlin, 1890-92, Studien zur alien Qeographi< von Cypem, Munich, 1891; A. Sakellarios, Ti K(/t/ii«««, Athens, 1890-91, 2 vols. (B) ANTiqurrlKS : Perrot and Chipiez, Uist. de VArt dan* VAntiquiii (vol iii. Phcenicia and Cyprus), Paris, 1885 (K.T. London, 1886) ; Ohnetal8ch-Richt«r, Kyjrroi, Berlin, 1892, 4to, 2 vols, (many plates) ; and the papers of de Mas Latrie, L. Ross, R. H. Lang, L. P. and A. P. di Cesnola. and O. Colonna Ceccaldi ; cf. historical sketch in Ileuzey, Les Figurines de Terre Cuite du Louvre, Paris. 1S91 ; Myret mi O.-Eichter, Cyprus Museum Catalogue, Oxlord, 1897. J. L. MyrKS.
CYRENE {Kv/y^vii), the chief city in Libya in N. Africa, about half-way between Carthage and
• The Peutinger Table gives («) Paphos — li— Palffiphats CPalR)papho8) — xiil— Curio — ivi — Amathus — xxiiil — Cito — (xxiii)— Salamina : (xovi in allX 03) Paphoe— ixiii— SoIoa>— xxix— Tamiso— xxiili — Thremitus — xvlii— Cito — (xiliij — Sal» mina : (cxvi in all).
CTREXIUS
CYRUS
541
Alexandria, was the capital of a small province oorrcsponiling to the modem Tripoli. Although in Afnca, it was a Greek city, dating from B.C. G31. It was famous for its heauty of .situation, its commerce, and its culture. Alexander the Great granted the rights of citizenship in it to Jews on equal terms with Greeks, and it became an important centre of the Jews of the Dispersion, the fourth of the population being Jewish according to Josephus. In the reign of Manasseh, Psam- mitichus, king of E"ypt, carried off many Jews and settled them in the parts of Libya about C., while one of the Ptolemies transported 100,000 Jews to Pentapolis in the same district. Like other communities of the Hel. Jews, the Cyrenians had a synagogue of their own in Jerus., and seem to have been more Jewish than the Jews them- selves (Ac 6'). There were Cyrenians among the first preachers of the gospel, and they were associ- ated with the great forward movement of preach- ing; it for the first time to the Gentiles (Ac 1 1"*-").
Lucius of C. (Ac 13') is said by tradition to have been the first bishop of his native district. Tradi- tion also connects St. Mark with the first estab- lishment of Christianity in this part of Africa. An interesting speculation gathers round the name of Simon of C. (Mt 27'*). lie is referred to as the father of Alexander and Kufus, evidently well known to Mark's readers (Mk 15") ; while .St. Paul in his Epistle to the Romans refers to one Rufus as holding an honourable position among the brethren there, ' Salute Rufus, chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine ' (Ro 16"). From this it has been conjectured that while St. Paul was studying at Jenis. he enjoyed the motherly care of Simon's wife.