the oblique case of . j possessor of (often in names of places) ; but it is not apparent how an Arabic j__^j ,J would become in Hebrew 3■^l■^, the j
being representcil dill'erently in the two parts of the name. Jerome, in rendering ' nbi auri est jilitriinutn,' probably thought jf 'l, constr. of '3 enough. S. U. Drivkr.
614
DO
DOCTRINE
DO. — Most of the forms and uses are familiar. But aa to foT-m, notice ' doeth ' in the plu. Sir 35'* (AV 1611) 'Doeth not the teares run dowue the widowes cheeks?' (mod. edd. 'do'). Cf. Pr. BIc. (1549) Com. Ser. : 'And whosoever willingly upon no just cause, doth absent tliemselves : or doth ungodly in the Pari.sh church occupy themselves : ... to be excommunicate ' ; and in the iniperat. Piera Plounnan, v. 44 —
* That ye prechen to the peple • preue it on yowre-seluen. And doth it in dede • it ehal drawe yow to good.'
As to usa^e, notice that ' do ' is steadily losing its active and independent power. 1. We now prefer a stronger word like ' perform ' in such phrases as 'do sacrifice,' Is 19" 'the Ejnrptians . . . shall do sacrifice* and oblatioa ' (RV 'shall worship with sac. and obi.'); or 'do a trespass' Nu 5' ; or 'do goodness ' Nu 10" (RV ' do good ') ; or ' do service ' (Heb. n-iby^-n^i liyV, 'it. 'to serve the service'), a freq. phrase in liu ; cf. also Jn 16* 'whosoever killeth you will think that he doeth God service ' (Xarpelar rpoaipipetr, RV ' offereth service unto God'). 2. 'Do meaning to act is still in use, but scarcely as Ac IV ' these all do contrary to the decrees of Caesar' (TR irpdrrowTi, edd. Tpiaaovmr) ; Ph 2" ' it is God which worketh in you both to will and to do of his good pleasure ' (r4 ivepryelv, RV 'to work'). 3. But 'do well' is good En". BtUl, as Jn 11" 'if he sleep, he shall do well' (o-ufl7)fffToi, Tindale 'he shall do well ynough,' and so Cov., Cran., Gen. 1557 ; but Wye. ' he schal be saaf,' and so Gen. 1560, Tomsoik, Rheims ; RV 'he ^vill recover,' RVm 'be saved'). 4. To 'do,' meaning to ' fare,' is in use in the phrase ' how d'ye do?' but not as 2 S 11' ' David demanded of him how Joab did and how the people did ' (□i'^y'? c;i^ c'l^:;'?! 3ki', lit. ' for the health of Joab and for tlie health of the people,' RV ' how Joab did and how the people fared '), so Est 2'' ; Ac 15^ ' Let us go again and visit our brethren . . . and see how they do ' (iriis fxow. RV ' how they fare ') ; Eph 6-' ' that ye also may know my attairs and how I do' (tI rpiaaai). 5. The phrase 'to have to do with' is still good idiomatic Eug., but notice the Greek Mt 8^ 'what have we to do with thee?' {tI ijliie koJ <rol ; lit. ' what to us and to thee ? ' as Wye. has it, after Vulg. quid nobis et tihi > the idiom of AV being Tindale's) ; He 4" ' all things are naked and opened unto the ej'es of him with whom we have to do' (vpbi Sr rj/uy i XA705, lit. as Wye. 'to whom a word to us,' Vulg. ad quem nobis sermo, Tind. 'of whom we speake,' Gen. 1557 'with wliome we have to do '). 6. As an auxiliary, ' do ' is noted by the grammarians as (1) the vicegerent for any antecedent verb, Ac 7^ ' Wilt thou kill me, as thou diddest the Egyptian yesterday?' (in Gr. the vb. is repeated, iyeXeiv . . . it rpinroy dyeiXtj, hence RV ' as thou killedst) ; (2) to express the tense, now used in negative sentences, as ' I do not know' and interrog. 'do you know?' but fornieiij' in affirm, also, as Gn 22' ' God did tempt Abralmiii.' This is a peculiarly Eng. idiom; but cloiicly akin to it is another, which is older, and is common to French, but now quite obsolete. As Fr. lias/«tre savoir 'cause to know,' so Eng. had ' I do you to know ' with the same meaning. Thus North, Plutarch, p. 501 : ' I do thee to understand that I had rather excell others iu excellency of knowledge than in greatness of power'; Chaucer, Troilus, li. 1022—
' And we 8ha1 speke of thee somwhat, 1 trowe. When tliou art goon, to do thine eres glowel*
In Malory's Kintj Arthur we read : ' And so they looked upon him and felt his pulse, to wit (i.e. to know) whether there were anj' life in him. In the nanie of God, said an old man. For I do
* Cf. ShakB. Jul. Cat. IL ii. & : 'Go bid the priests do present
wcnhce.'
you verily to wit he is not dead.' That is, ' I caoso you to know,' mod. Eng. ' I would have you know.' This phrase is found in AV, 2 Co 8' ' we do you to wit of the grace of God bestowed on the churches of Macedonia' (yvujpl%op.tv iiiuv, RV 'we make known to you,' which was Wyclif's tr. ; 'do you to wit' came from Tindale; Rheims has 'we doe you to understand '). The Eng. auxiliary and this form are sometimes found togetlier ; an in- teresting example being in Caxton s Game of the CAcise (1474), Pref. : ' I delybered in myself tc trans- late it in to our maternal tonge. And whan I se had achyeued [achieved] the sayd translacion, I dyde doo set in enprynte [I caused to be printed] a certyn nombre of theym. Which anone were de- pesshed and solde.' 7. Lastly, notice the phrase ' do away,' Nu 27' ' Why should the name of our father be done away from amon" his family, because he hath no son ? ' {]nx, RV ' be taken away'); 1 Ch 21' 'I beseech thee, do away the iniquity of thy servant' (kj-tj;'", RV 'put away') ; 1 Co 13'», 2 Co 3'-"-" (all TOTa;>v^a.=' render in- operative,' a peculiarly Pauline word ; St. Paul uses it 25 times, elsewhere in NT Lk 13', He 2" only ; RV in 2 Co 3'- " ' pass away '). Cf. Wyclif s tr. of He 10' ' he doith awei thi first, that he make stidfast the secunde,' and of 12' ' do we aweie al charge and synne.' J. HASTINGS.