DOOM
DORCAS
617
belief in such gradations may be traced to the OT, with its Eloliim and sons of Eloliiai (Pss58 and 82), the mighty beings of the same class as God, yet ruled by Him (Ps 103""), His host, led by His captain (Jos 5^**** dpxttrrpdTTjyo^ Swifjieojs KvpioUf cf. ipxdyye\oi, 1 Th 4"). Being originally, in all probability, the nature-spirits of Semitic heathen- ism, they were physical rather than ethical (Gn 6'''), and are sometimes connected or identified with the stars of heaven (Job 38', Is 45'' ; cf. Enoch 18'»-", and see article ELEMENT). As the knowledge of God advanced, these ' gods ' ce^ised to have any religious importance, and receded more and more into the position of com- parative nonentities (Ps 89'), but were still re- garded as superintending the nations under Him (Dn 10", fs 24^'), though in some special sense God reserved Israel for Himself (Dt 32''- LXX), making Michael, the chief archangel (Dn 12'), their prince. Being thus distinguished from God, and not irre- vocably bound by the moral law, they could come into opposition to Him, not merely relative but actual, either by blameworthy conduct of the charges committed to them (Is 24^', Job 4", cf. Enoch 18"-'" ; also the ' angels ' in Kev 2, 3), or by diametrical contravention of God's purposes (Dn 10". 2 Co 4*, Eph 6"-'« ; and see Anqel, Demon, and Satan).
The interpretation of Kvpiirris in Jude ' and its parallel 2 F 2'° is perplexing, and is much dis- puted. A reference to angelic powers — unseen dignities worthy of reverence (cf. 1 Co 11'°) — is supported by the contiguous Jifai (' beings in light like God '), and by the example of the sin of the Sodomites (Gn 19) ; while a reference to the lordsliii) of Christ or God is suggested by Jude *, and 2 P 2* (angels that sinned, i.e. ajrainst God). See Spitta on the two passages, and Uarnack, Texte, ii. 14.
LlTBRiTTOR.— Schultz, Old Tat. Theology (Eng. tr.), i. 216 ff. ; Everliiig, IHr I'aiUuiijiche Ajigeioiogie uiui Vatnonologie, pp. S8, 122 ff. ; Lightfoot, ColoMiana. J. MASSIE.
DOOM.— In AV, 2 Es 7*" only, ' the day of doom shall 1)6 the end of this time ' ((Uf.i judicii, RV ' the day of judgment ') ; to which HV adds Ezk 7' 'Thy doom is come unto thee, O inhabitant of the lan(f,' v.'" ' thy doom is gone forth ' (iTPfn, AV 'the morning,' IlVra ' the turn ' or ' the crownin'' time ' — see Davidson), and the vb. 1 Co 4" ' God hath set forth us the apostles last of all, as men doomeil to death' (cit iinOafaTlout), AV 1611 'approved to death,' mod. editions 'appointed,' of which Scrivener (t'amft. Parag. liihtc, p. xcvii) says : 'A deliberate but needless correction [in KilO] derived from Tind., Cov., the Great and the Bishops' Bibles. The Gen. (1557) has "destinate to death." '
For 'doom' in the sense of •Judgment,* cf. WycliTs tr. of Ps 9** ' He mode re<ii his trone in dome,' and of Rev 19^ ' trewe and iiiHt ben the domes of hyra." Shiiks. (Machrth, ii. iii. 5U) ipeakH of * the great doom,' i.e. the day of Judgment ; and In JuL CceM. III. L 98—
* Men, wives, and children stora, ory out, and mn As it weredoomtMiay.'
The word isconnectetl with 'deem* to Judge, whence the 'Deem- sters'of Ule of Man and Jersey, and pinlologiratly with Or. titfj^t law, fr. ritftj^ place, whence 'something laid down, 'a decision.' Bee Craili's Knj. of Shake, p. ■.i26 ; Verity, Shakii. Jul. Cae. p. Ii8f.; and art. 1)krm. J. HASTINGS.
DOOR, DOORKEEPER, DOORPOST.— SeeHousE.
DOPHKAH (ii7!;7). — A station in the itinerary of the children of Israel (Nu 33'"). This station and the next one, Alush, which lie between the
'encampment by the sea' and Hcphidini, have not
been identiliud, and they an
Exodus. As, however, tlie itinerary in Nu has
and they are not alluded to in
every appearance of being taken from a regular pilgrim book, we should say that, on the hypothesis that Mount Sinai and Kephidim [ = l''eiran] have been correctly located, the position of Dophkah cannot be far from the entrance to the Wady Maghara ; this wady contains the oldest Egjptian mines, and as the blue-stone which the Egyptians quarried is known by the name of Mafkat, and gave its name to the district of Mafkat, it is a tempting suggestion to identify Doplikah as an erroneous transcription of Mafkah. Alush would then lie half-way between this and l'"eiran ; it does not appear that any more exact location ciu be suggested. The identification suggested foi Dophkah was made, in the first instance, by Ebers ; I arrived at it independently.
J. Rendel Harms.
DOR (1^1, f^), Jos 11> 12^ 17", Jg 1», 1 K 4", 1 Ch 7^. — A Can. city in Galilee, in the 'uplands' (nsj, RVm Naphath-[or Naphoth-]dor) towards the W. Its king is noticed between Jokneam and Gilgai of the Goiim — which was in Sharon. It seems to have been in Issachar or in Asher, and is noticed as attacked by Manasseh with Taanach. The 'uplands' of Dor formed that part of Solomon's king- dom, which seems to correspond with Zebulun, the next province to Issachar ; but, according to the last cited passage. Dor belonged to Manasseh, though noticed with to\vns of Issachar. The.se indications do not suffice to fix the site. Jos. makes it a .sea- side town (Ant. V. i. 22, vill. ii. 3) near Carniel {Contra Apion., ii. 10). It was at Dor that Tryphon (c. B.C. 139) was besieged by Antiochus Sidetes, 1 Mac 15'"'-. In the 4th cent. a.d. [Onomii.'iticon, s.v. Domai)heth) it is identified with Tantiirah on the sea-co.ost, 9 Roman miles from CiEsarea Palestina on the way to Tyre ; but the names have no connexion, and the site is not on the uplands. The low hills S. of Carmel may be intended, but the name has not been recovered.