In 1 Ch 26'° Uzziah is said to have ' made in Jerusalem engines invented by cunning men (lit. ' contrivances, the invention of inventive men,' ^s-in nj^'ijo nijiif-n, see Oxf. Heb. Lex. s. ftysr-) t<j be on the towers and upon the battlements, to shoot arrows and great stones withal.' These 'engines' were probably similar to the Koman entnpulta an<l bnlitta. The only other occurrence of the word p:;' n is in Ec 7^ ' God iii.ade man upright, but they have sought out many invcn- ttuns.'
In Maccaba>an times several difl'erent kinds of engines were in use. 'He encamjied,' writes the author of 1 Mae, 'against the sanctuary many days, and set there artillery, and engines, and instruments to cast fire (or ' liery darts'), and others to cast stones, and tormenta {gKopviSia) to cast darts, and slings' (6°'). W. E. Barnes.
ENGRAFTED.— Ja 1" only, ' the e. word.' This tr" may he traced from Tind. 'grafted' (which would be the mod. form), through (ien. 'graded,' Rhem. ' engrailed.' * J. Hastings.
ENGRAVING.— 1. nyin hilrr,sheth. Ex 31» 35"- ■"« [nnij in Ex 32'" is prob. text, error tor cnn, cf. Jer 17']. 2. nns pittiinh, Ex 28"- "• *• 39'*- s". Zee 3" (cf. 2 Ch 2«- '"), 1 K 6», Ps 74«. 3. n^ippo mi/da nth, 1 K 6'»-=»-« V\^i. npT': mfhuHeh, 1 K (i" (cf. Is 49", Ezk 8'" '23'«; Job 13-''). 8. x<ip"7Ma. Ac 17^.
Of these terms, the first possibly refers to the artistic skill of the worker, and the others to indicate the process or result of etching, punching, gouging, relief, etc. The material used was stone, wood (2S5"=lCh 14'), metal (IS 13'"), and jewels (Ex 28"). The ellect sought was either that of engraving into tlio surface, as in the signet- ring, and the jewels of the high jiriest's dress, m that of relief liy the removal of the surrounding material, as in the cherubim carvings on the temide doors.
The incisions made by the graving-tool (o-in. Ex 32*) gradually led to ornamental inlaying in
• Tlic Or. (Iu^wT«). which occurs oniy here in NT, ifave the late I,iit. iffi/(o/w*. whence our V.i\^. word * imp.* An 'imp* il o^i^^ a ^ratl, an Piert Plowman, v. 137 —
' I waa Bum-t\-mc a frere. And the Oouent«s [Convent's} Cianiyner, for to gralto yntpea.'
So * an imp of Satan * is a graft, ecion, child of the devil.
704
EN-HADDAH
ENOCH
metal, and to mosaic of marble, ivory, and mother- nf- pearl in palaces (Ps 45°).
WOOD, JTORT, AlfD METAL •RNGRAVINO.*
The final form of en^aving, amounting to com- plete separation, was that of tlie i:s (Arab, fasl) graven image (see Carving).
LlTBRATURK. — Benzinger, Ileb. Arch. 2.'>5ff.; Wilkinson, Anc Egyp. iL 337; Herod, vii. 69; Mullcr, Uilb. d. Archaol. der Kuntt, i 311. G. M. MaCKIE.
EN-HADDAH (.Tin py), Jos IQ^". — A city of Tasachar noticed with En-gannim and Remeth. It is perhaps the present village Kefr Adh&n on the edge of the Dothan plain, W. of En-gannini. See SWP vol. li. sheet viii. C. K. CONDKR.
EN-HAKKORE (K-i\'n py 'spring of the part- ridge ' ; of. IS 26^, Jer 17"). — The name of a fountain at Lehi (Jg 15"). The narrator (J (?)) of the stoiy characteristically connects halkore with the word yikra ('he callea') of v.", and evidently interprets ' En-hakhore as ' the spring of him that called.' The whole narrative is rather obscure, and the tr. in some instances doubtful, but probably the story is something to the following ell'ect. After Ilia exertions in slaughtering the Philistines, Samson was very tliirsty, and, finding no water, he cried to J", who clave the mnktex/i ('mortar' or ' hollow place') which is in Lehi, and from a cleft in one of its sides water flowed (so Moore). This certainly seems preferable to the interpretation re-
E resented by AV, which understands the water to ave sprung from a hollow place in the jaw {lehi). There is much ditlerence of opinion regarding the situation of 'En-hakkore. In Jerome's time it was shown at Eleutheropolis ; Conder identities it with 'Ayun I^aia, N. W. of Zorali ; Van de Velde
with a large spring between Tell el-Leklyeh (4 milea N. of Beersheba) and Khuweilfeh.
LiTRRATURB. — Conder, Tent-Work, i. 277, BihU Places, 87 ; Ou«rin, Judie, ii. 318 1., 390 S. ; Van de Velde, J/emoir, S43 ; Moore, Judges, 3460. ; Beiua, .ir i. 15S ; PKFSt, 1869, 182. J. A. Selbik.
EN-HAZOR (i^sn py), 'spring of Razor,' Jos 19". — A town of Naplitali, noticed between Kedcsh, Edrei, and Iron. There were three Hazors in Upper Galilee, and the site is uncertain ; but the most probable place for En-hazor seems to b« Hazireh, on the W. slopes of the mountains ol Upper Galilee, W. of Kedesh. See SWP vol. i. sheet iii. C. R. Conder.
ENJOIN. — To enjoin is first to 'join together' fLat. in-jungere), as Mt IQ" Wye. (1380),"' there- fore a man departe nat that tiling that God en- joyngde, or knytte to gidre.' But it early came to mean to ' impose ' something on some one. Generally it is a duty or penalty ; but in Jot 36^ it is used in the rare sense of commanding or directing one's way, ' Who hath enjoyned him his way?' (n?). The later and mod. sense of 'command' is found in Est 9", He 9™ ('en- joined unto you ' ; RV ' commanded to you- ward '), and Philem ' ' I might be much bold in Clirist to enjoin thee.' J. Hastings.