Like Lat. finis (and probably owing to it), ' end ' is used in ling, for the pur)iii.fe, as in Tomson's NT (1570) Heading of Ep. to lie, 'The drift and end of this Epistle is.' In AV this meaning is found only in the phrase ' to the end ... or ' to this end . . . ,' and once ' to what end ' ? (.■\m 5'"). In old Eng. this phra.se is sometime? fdllowed by the inlin., as Bacon's Essny.^, p. 'JUl, ' Some undertake Sutes . . . to the end to gratify the adverse partie.' But in AV it is followed by ' that,' or the conj. is omitted. The constnu-tions in the orig. are : 1. 11'-^ ' in order that,' Ex 8-' ' to the end thou mayest know ' ; Lv 17°, Dt l?'"- '■", I's 30'", Ezk 2u-'« 31", Oh ». 2. n^r'^y 'for the sake of (see Ec 3'» 8=), Ec 7''' 'to the end that man should find nothing after him.' 3. toD with inlin., 1 Mac 13" 14=". 4. dirus, 1 Mac 14«. 5. €l, ri with inUn., Ac 7", Ko 1" 4'«, 1 Th 3".
6. eh ToCrro, ' to this end,' Jn 18", Ro 14», 2 Co 2».
7. Tcp&s t4, Lk 18' ' to this end that men ought always to l>ray ' (KV 'to the end that'). KV has shown much fondness for this jihrase, intro- ducing 'to the end that' in place of the simple 'that^ of AV, for ]iir:) in Gn 18"""', Ex 33'», Nu IG* ; for els t6 with inlin. (on which see Votaw, T/u: Use 0/ the hi/in. in BM. Gr., 189U, p. '21) in Ro 4'», Eph l'^ '2Th 1» 2''-', 1 P 3' ; and for X^a in Eph 3'', 2 Th 3", Tit 3». KV also introduces ' to this end ' for di toktto in Mk 1*", 1 Ti 4'" (A V 'therefore'), Ac 'ili'", 1 Jn 3" (AV 'for this pur- pose'), and Jn 18" (AV 'for this cause'); 'unto this end' in I 1* 4* (Gr. els tovto, AV 'for this cause'); and 'to which end' in 2 Th 1" (Gr. tit «, AV 'wherefore'). J. HASTINGS.
ENDAMAGE.— Ezr 4" 'thou shalt e. the revenue of the kings' (?'}""), and 1 Es iy" ' that streUheth out his hand to hinder or e. that house of the Lord in Jerusalem' (/toKojroi^ffat). The word is still used, but is somewhat old-fashioned. Cf. l^ii.arles, Eiiili/i'in.i, 1. xi. 47, 'The Devil smilcth tli.it he may endamage' ; and H. Vauglian, Silcx, i. I'ref., 'No loss is so doleful as that gain that will endamage the soul.* J. Hastings.
ENDEAVOUR.— ' Endeavour' seems a very in-
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ENFLAME
adequate tr. of irirovSdia, which in 2 Ti 4*- ° \a reniiered 'do thy diligence,' in Tit 3" ' be diligent,' (KV 'give diligence'), and in Gal 2"' 'was forward' (KV 'was zealous'). But 'endeavour once denoted all possible tension, the highest energy that could be directed to an object. With us it means the last feeble hopeless attempt of a person who knows that he cannot accomplish his aim, but makes a conscience of going through some formalities for the purpose of showing that the failure is not liis fault' (Maurice, Lincoln's Inn Ser. quoted by Trench, On the A V, p. 43). One of the places where in A V atrovSi^u is tr. ' endeavour ' is Eph 4' ' endeavouring to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace,' and in his comment on that passage, Abp. Laud {Sermons, i. 155) shows the force of 'endeavour' in his day: 'If you will keep it you must endeavour to keep it. For it is not so easy a thing to keep unity in great bodies as it is thought ; there goes much labour and endeavour to it.' Cf. also Act 7, Henry vil. c. 22, ' Endevoir youre self and put to your hand and spare no cost.' The subst. occurs only Ps 28* ' according to the wickedness of their endeavours ' (cn-^^VD, RV 'doings'). The vb. is found for Gr. S>Ww Ad. Est 16', Ac 16" (RV ' seek ') ; for jreipdj'-a) 2 Mac ll"; for airovSa^u, Eph 4' (RV 'give dili- gence'), 1 Th 2", 2 P 1"> (RV 'give diligence').
To 'endeavour* is 'to do one's devoir' or duty : en having a verba] and active force as in 'encumber,' 'enforce,' etc., it is tlie expression in one word of Chaucer's 'II>oth now your devoir' (Cant. Tales, 1600). ' Devoir ' is the FV. form ot Lat. debere, to owe, and 'en' is the Fr. form of Lat. in. The spelling in AV 1611 is always 'endeuour' (except 2 Th 2^7, by accident 'endeuor'). But about this time it was customary to affect the Latin form, so in Pref. we find 'that hath bene our in- deauour, that our marke.' J^ HASTINGS.
ENDIRONS.— Ezk 40«°' (text 'hooks' [which see] m. ' or endirons, or the two hearth-stones ').
The spelling of 1611 is 'andirons.' The change into 'end- irons' was first made in 183S. under the impression, nodoubt, as Wright says, that being the iron standards, one at each end of the fireplace, to support the log of wood that was burning, this was the derivation, and should be the spelling. But this is not the derivation. It cannot be traced farther back than old Fr. andier and late Lat. anderia ; and the form -iron is an Eng. corruption as much as end-. Another false spelling is 'hand- iron,' as Florio (1691), .Seo. Fnttet, 169, 'Set that firebrand upon the handiron." J_ HASTINGS.