ENFLAME This is the spelling of mod. edd. ol
AV in Is 67°, though that of l^ll was ' inllame.'
ENGAGE
ENGRAVING
703
In Is 5" 1611 had ' enflame,' mod. edd. 'inflame.' The word also occurs Sir 28'", Su.s ', 1 Mac '2-' (1611 and mod. edd. 'iiillame'). Tlie iiieanin;; is always 'e.xcite,' and the ref. is to lust in Is 57', Sus»; to w-ine Is 5"; to anger Sir 28'°; while the sense is good in 1 Mac iP* ' Mattatliias . . . was intlamed with zeal ' (^rtXuo-f). Wyclif uses the word in Ja 3" of the tongue, 'it is en- flawmed of helle, and entlawmeth the wheel of oore birthe.' J. Hastings.
ENGAGE.— Jer 30" only, 'who is this that engageth his heart to approach unto me?' (3"!J( Sa'j-n^ ; Vulg. 'applicet cor suum'). Engage is ased in the sense of 'pledge,' though to 'engage one's heart' seems to be a unique expression. Sliaks. has ' I do engage my life,' and ' I will en- gage my words,' where the meaning is nearly the same. The older VSS vary : Gov. ' what is he, that
feveth over his herte'; Gen. ' tliat directt'th his eart'; Dou. 'that applieth his hart.' KV tr. ' that hath had boldness to approach unto them,' with marg. ' Ueb. hath been surety for his heart.'
J. Hastivos. EN-GANNIM (n-jj ps). — Two places so named are noticed in the Book of Joshua, the name signify- ing ' the spring of {jardens.' I.Jos 15". A town of Judah noticed with Zanoah and Eshtaol. It is Bujiiiosed by Clemiont-Ganneau to be the ruin Umm Jttin in the valley near Zanoah — a suitable site. See SiyP vol. ui. sheet xvii. 2. Jos 19-' 21=" (in 1 Ch 6°* Anem). A town of Issachar given to the Levites, now Jenin, a to\vn on the S. border of Esdraelon, with a fine spring, gardens and palms. It marked the S. limit of Galilee, and appears to have been always a flourishing town. The ' garden house,' Bcth-hng-gan, in 2 K 9'-'' has been thought to be En-gannim, but it is more probably Beit Jenn E. of Tabor. See IBLEAM. See HWP vol. iL sheet viii.
LiTKRATtTRR.— fluirin, Samarie, I. 827; Robinson, BRP lii. 116, 3:)7; Bacdeker-Sociii, Pat,^ 2.17; Van de Vt-lde, p. 350; Tristram, Land o/ UraH, 65, 130; Conder, Tent-Work xn Pal. 68 ; BiliU Placet (ed. 1S07), 67, 180, 265.
C. R. Conder. EN-GEDI (n; j-y, Arab. 'Ain Jidi, ' fountain of the kid'), the name of a spring of warm water which bursts forth from the clitrs overlooking the W. shore of the Dead Sea near its centre, and 2 miles S. of Hfls Mersed. The ancient name of the spot was Hazazon-tamar (2 Ch 20-), by which it was known in thedaj-sof Abraham (Gn 14') ; and it has been su;jge.sted by Tristram that a group of niins below the ca-scade near the shore of the Dead Sea may majk the site of a town through which marched the Assyrian host of Chedorlaomer (Gn 14'). The
5 lace was included in the wide skirts of the tribe of udah (Jos 15°^), and is as.sociated with the City of Salt, which probably lay a few miles farther S. on the shore of the Lake near Kliashm Usdum (the Salt-mountain). The name ' Wilderness of En-gedi' applies to the wild rocky di.strict forming the E. part of the Wilderness of Judah ; and here amongst the <Ieep ravines, rocky gorges, and the caves, which nature or art have hewn out in their sides, David found a safe hiding-i>lace from the vengeance of Saul (1 S 24'). At a later period it was the scene of the slaughter of the hordes of Amnion, Moab, and Kdoni, who had invaded the kingdom of Judah in the reign of Jehosliaphat (2 Ch 20''). The limestone cliffs of En-gedi are deeply intersected by numerous river channels which descend from tlie table-land of Judah towards the Dead Sea. At the place itself two strcaiUH, the Wadv Sudeir and Waily el-'Are- yeh, enclose a small plateau, nearly 20(M) ft. above the waters and bounded by nearly vertical walls of rock Terraces of shingle and white calcareous
marl envelop their ba.<ies to a height of several hundred feet, and mark the level at wliicli the waters of the lake formerly stond. (Inly a few bushes of acacia, tamarisk, Snianum, and C'n/'ifmpii procera (Apple of Smlom) decorate the spot «liere palms and vines were formerly cultivated (Ca l'<). The district Is tenanted by a few Arabs of the Jfthalin and K;u>hfiybeh tribes, and is the safe retreat of the I/iex ('wild goat,' 1 S 24'). the coney [Hyrax syriacus), ami numerous birds of prey. The spot is amongst the wildest and most desolate in the whole of Palestine.
LiTERATCRK. — Lanarde, Onom. 119. 254; Seetien, Hfirrn. ii. 227(1.; Robinson, BRP ii. 439II. ; Baedelier-.Socin, Pal.'i IT:.; Tristram, Latul o/ Israel. 28(111.. 296; Schurcr, U.il' n. i. lo'l; Neubauer, (ifag. du Talimui, ItlU; O. A. Siiiitli. Hint. Grog. 269 ff. ; Conder, TeiU-U'urh in Pat. 266 ; Bible Place/ (1897), 8, 113; Sayce, Patriarchal Pal. 40. E. UulL.
ENGINE. — Besides the battering-ram, 'forts' dayek, p;;i (LXX irpoixaxOivei, Uxf. Heb. Lex. ' bul- wark,' 'siege-wall'), are mentioned as used in sieges in the Chalda-an era (2 K 25' = Jer .li^, Ezk 4^ 17" 21" i"i 215" [all]). These forts were prob. towers on wheels manned with archers, and pushed for- ward by degrees against the wall to be attacked (cf. 1 Alac la*''"). Such a tower might be combined with a battering-ram, or at least used to cover the attack of the ram. See Batterino-ram.