4818 4819 4833 483"
48M
•
• • •
ct. Nu 2130. •TakeD from Gad.
» ZaphOD.
iWatere'of Nlm-
riiii. l>hara'/t.
ct. Nu 2180 and
Jer 4S-. '•/roin' H. iM.
history. Such a situation. Gad raided and raid- ing, but more than holding its own, is well described in Gn 49'*, the blessing of Jacob (J from older source) —
* Gad, the raidera shall raid him. But he shall raid upon their heeL'
In Jg 20. 21 (late post-ex. Midrash on earlier basis, possibly J, or J and E, see Moore and Budde, in loc.) the eastern tribes took part in the war against Benjamin ; Jabesh-gUead, the only city Avtiich furnished no contingent, was sacked, and its inhabitants massacred, only the virgins being saved as wives for the Benjaraites.
During the wars with the Philistines, Gad was a stronghold and refuge of the Isr. (1 S 13'). After Saul's death it became the main part of Eshbaal's kingdom (2 S 2*). Later on it afforded a rallying point for David's adherents during the revolt of Absalom (2 S 17"). Amongst David's mighty men was Bani the Gadite (2 S 23^). Apparently, G.ad was still strong and intact. It would profit by the strength of Israel under David and Solomon. In 1 Ch 128'i° Gadites come to David when a fugitive from Saul ; and in 12*' Reuben, Gad, and E. Manasseh come to DaWd at Hebron to make him king. 1 K 4'"'" tells us that Solomon divided the
fell upon E. Manasseh. Even under Ahab the point of contact was at Ramoth-gilead. Probably E. Manasseh had practically disapi)eared in tliese wars, and Gilead again became synonymous with Gad. Gad itself also suffered (Am l^- "j. About the same time Moab revolted and captured Gadite cities in the South (Moabite Stone). Gad or Gilead shared in the renewed prosperity of Israel under Jeroboam 11., but shortly after, in B.C. 734, E. Palestine was carried captive by Tiglath-pileser (2 K IS-*), and thus Gad disappears from history.
Apparently, the territory was occupied by Amnion (Jer 49'). Ezk 48"- ** makes provision for Gad in the restored Israel. On the other hand, in Ob " the E. tribes are so completely forgotten tliat Gilead is promised to Benjamin. In Rev 7' Gad is enumerated among the tribes of Israel.
Literature. — Buhl, Geog. d. alt. Paldstina, 79 ; O. A. Smith, BGIIL, 6C&-568, 575-590; Budde, Richter, 46 1. ; Stade, GVI,\. 146 ff.; Driver, Dewl. 64 t., 410 f.; Moore, Judges, 160 (., 154 t.
W. H. Bknnbtt.
GAD [13) is entitled the seer i .iinn I Ch 29®), David's or the king's seer (1 Ch 21«, 2 Ch 29=», 2 S 24"), or the prophet {K-3|n, 1 S 22>, 2 S 24"). His activity seems to have lain chiefly in the early period of the king's life, at least it is not he but Nathan who appears prominently in tliat palace
GAD, YALLKY OF
GADARA, GADAKKXKS
iiitii^j'ue wliieli resulted in the accession of Solomon (1 K l""-). The name might suj;gest tliat he be- longerl to the tribe of Gad ; but the only acUlitional support for this view is found in tlie fact that several of David's chiefs came from that tribe (1 Ch I'i'). As for Ewald's sugijestion, that Gad drew bis inspiration from the school of Samuel, wliile this would afjree well with his appearing immediately after David's rupture with Saul ( 1 S 22'), it cannot be considered certain, so long as the existence of * a school ' of Samuel is merely a conjecture.
Gad is represented as having announced the divine condemnation on the royal census, and as having advised the erection of an alt.ar on Araunah's threshing-floor (2 S 24"f- = 1 Ch 21'-"f-). The Chroni- cler again (1 Ch 29^) names him as having >\Titten an account of some part of his master's reign. A late conception associated him with the prophet Nathan (2 Ch 29'-") in the task of planning some of the kings regulations with reference to the musical part of the service, while (1 S 22^) he is also stated to have acted as David's counsellor in peril during the period when the two dwelt together in 'the hold.' A. C. Welch.
GAD, VALLEY OF (lan Snj [' torrent-valley '], AV ' river of Gad '). — 2 S 24'. Taken in connexion with Jos IS'^ this passage would indicate that the river or valley of Gad was close to Rabbath-Amnion in the land of Gad ; but, on the other hand, ' the city that lieth in the valley ' is mentioned in con- nexion with Aroer on the river Arnon (now el- Rlojib), Jos IS"- '^ Dt 2^'". It appears to be certain tliat in 2 S 24°, instead of 'and they pitched in Aroer, on the right side of the city that is in the middle of the valley of Gad ' ( ^k Tyn pp; liiiiy.; 5jq:i. i3n Vnjn-^in?), we ought to read, 'and they began from Aroer, and from the city that is in the middle of the torrent-valley, towards Gad ' (jci nijn^c ! ■'r;;i ':i Tyrr). This emendation, originally due to Well- hausen {Text d. B. Snm. 217), was afterwards coniiriiied by Luc. Kal ijp^avro dir^ 'Apo-ijp Kal d.ir6, K.T.X., and is accepted by Driver, Budde, etc. 'The city in the torrent-valley ' was jiossibly 'ylr. See for a full discussion, both of the text and the topography. Driver, Text of Sam. 285 f., Deuter- onomy, 45. C. Warren.