GADITES See Gad (Tribe).
GAHAM (on?). — The eponym of a Nahorite clan whose identity has not been established, Gn 22-''' Gaham is described as a son of Nahor by his con cubine Reumah.
GAHAR (ins). — A family of Nethinim who re- turned with Zerub. (Ezr2'^ Neh 7^"), called in 1 Ea 5*" Geddur. See Genealogy.
GAI (k;3) is given as a proper name in RV of 1 S 17" ' until thou comest to Gai,' where AV has 'until thou comest to the valley.' This last, how- ever, would demand n;3ri as in v.*. In any case, the valley (ravine) referred to in v.'^ must be different from that which separated the opposing forces. See Elah (Valley of). The LXX, as is noted in RVm, has T^d (Gath), and this would suit the context (cf. Wellhausen, Budde, and Driver, ad loc). Wellh. further proposes to treat Shaaraim not as a proper name, but, inserting the article (onse'C), as = 'in the gateway.' That is to say, the Israelites pursued the Philistines to the gates of Ekron, and the wounded fell down in the gate- way of both Gath and Ekron. An alternative, he suggests, is to view the two expressions, ' until thou comest to Gath and to the gates of Ekron,' and 'even unto Gath and unto Ekron,' as doublets due perhaps to the names of these two cities being in the former clause written indistinctly or in- correctly, in consequence of which an explanatory gloss was added on the margin and afterwards introduced into the text. J. A. Selbie.
GAINSAY. — To gainsay is to speak against, m Udal, Erasmus' Paraphrase on 1 Jn 1, 'And yf we wyll say, that wee have no sinne in us, we make God a lyar, and say agaynst hym : and he that gayne sayeth hym, must needs lye' ; Uhem. NT on Jn 6**, ' The discontented and incredulous murmured and gainsaid it [the manna].' Wyclif
• Accorrting to Hommel (Ancient Beb. TrMiition, 1897, p. 300), from the Arabic, ' my prandfather is God.'
GAIUS
GALATIA
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has tlie older form agcnseijen frequently, as Lk 21"' (13S0) 'I schal gyue to jxiu mouth and wj'silom, to whiche alle j'oure aduersariea Bchulen not mowe agenstonde, and agenseye.' Sometimes the meaning is rather wider and almost the same as oppose or resist generally. Thus Job 11'" Wye. (13S'2) 'If he turne vpso doun alle thingus, or in to oon drawe togidere, who shal agenseiu to hym?' (EV 'hinder'); and Pref. to AV 1611, ' For, was there euer any thing proiected, that sauoured any way of newnesse or renewing, but the same endured many a storme of gaine-saying, or opposition?' So in AV we have Jtn 8^ ' there is none that may gainsay thy words,' where the Gr. is fis dpTtcrr^o'eTat rols Xlyyoi^ aou, lit. 'withstand,' Geneva 'resist'; and Ad. Est 13' ' The wliole world is in thy power, and if thou hast appointed to save Israel, there is no man that can gainsay thee ' {5s dyTiToieral aoi ; lit. ' range in battle against thee'; Gov. 'withstonde ner lett the'). And even when the orig. word expresses speaking against, the general sense of resist is often evident.
The verb occurs in Lk 21" 'I will give you a mouth and wisdom, which all your adversaries shall not be able to gainsay nor resist ' (after Wye, as above, who has the order 'agenstonde and agensaye,' as Vulg. resistere et contradicere, and as L, T, WH ivTiuTTiiiai oi5i [T, WII ^] dv- TeiireTv, while AV follows TR avTenrcii' oiiSi avTi- OTTjmL) ; 2 Es 5^ ' they wliich did gainsay thy promises' ('jui contraihcebant sponsionihus tuis); Jth 12" ' Who am I now, that I should gainsay my lord?' {avTepovija rtp Kvpit^ ixov) ; and 1 ^lac 14** ' to gainsay his words ' (avreiTetv toU ifir' aiVoO pridriaoixivoii) ; RV ' to gainsay the words that he should speak,' i.e. resist his commands. To these instances RV adds Ac 19^" ' Seeing then that these things cannot be gainsaid' (avavrippriTiiiv [WH av- avTipfiTuii/'\ o!iv ci'Twi' ToiiTuv, the only occurrence of this adj., though the adv. occurs Ac 10-", as below ; AV 'spoken against'); Tit 2? 'not gainsaying' (liT\ ivTiX^yoyTds, AV 'not answering again,' AVui * gainsaying ').
The adj. is found in Ro IC *a disobedient and gainsaying people ' (dvTiX^7oj'To). The subsl. occurs in Ac IC 'Therefore came I unto you without gain- saying' {avayTipp-qTUi [WH dfavTipriTCiis]) ; Jude " •and perished in the gainsaying of Core' (koJ tj im-iXoylf toO Kopi iirbXavro ; cf. LXX iSuip i.vTi- Xo7las = Heb. njno 'c = Eng. 'water of Meribah' of Nu 20") ; to which RV adds He 12= ' For consider him that hath endured such gainsaying ( AV ' con- tradiction') of sinners against himself (avTi.\oyiav , which in the other two occurrences. He 6'" 7', RV tr. 'dispute'). The personal subst. 'gaiiisayer' is found lit 1' 'to convmce (RV 'convict') the gain- sayers' (rois dn-iX^oi'Tos i\iyx('v ; Wye. [1380] 'to reproue hem that agen seyn' [1388 'agenseien]], but in Prefatory Epistles of St. Jerome, ch. iii. [1388] Wye. has ' He comaundide also to Tite, among otnere vertues of a bisliop ... to with- stonde agenseyeris '). J. Hastings.
GAIUS (rdios).— The person to whom the Third Ep. of St. .John is addressed. He is .spoken of in terms of allcction and respect as 'beloved' (vv.'- '■ ••"1. walking 'in the truth' (v.'), acting well to orethren and to strangers (v.'). I3ut beyond this we know nothing of him. Some have tlioupht to identify him with a Caius who is mentioned in the Aposto/ic. Constitutions (vii. 40) as having been appointed bishop of Pergamum by John. Others have attempted to identify him with one or other of the men who bear the same name in the NT — the G. of Macedonia (Ac 19'^), the V.. of Derbe (Ac 20'), the G. of Corintli (1 Co 1", Ro 16-='). But these are all a.ssociated with the Apostle Paul, and VOL. II. — 6