HAPPIZZEZ (fiEn, A V Aphses).— The head of the 18th course of priests, 1 Ch 24". See Genealogy.
• Compare the fiaxzapirr&roL'ni lilatfMniet, the mttst blessed happiTiesi, offered by Virtue to Hercules, as the sure retrard il foUowiug tier (Xen. Mem. ii. 1. 21).
HARA
HAIIAEITE, THE
301
HARA {try;, Vulg. Am) occurs 1 Cli 5^ as one of the cities or regions to which the Israelitish captives from Samaria were deported by the Assyrians. Modern scliolars have often tried the hazardous etymology from vi ' mountain ' (pre- supposing a Lad orthography instead of ."i-n !). From this etymology and tlie corresponding words of Kings, they concluded that the \\ estem part of Media was meant, called Media Magna bj' classic writers, Irul; alujumi 'the Persian I.,' by the Arabs, or al-JibCil, i.e. ' the mountainous region,' Kuhisian by the Persians. Dut the name is want- ing in the LXX (only Lucian's recension, ed. do Lagarde, has ' Kppav, which looks like an emendation to the name pn Ilaran). The corresponding pas- sages 2 K 17' 18" have the expression "i? 'ij; ' the Median cities,' but LXX 6pri 'Slri&wv ' the Median mountains.' This latter reading (which seems to be the more original text) furnishes the key to the name Ham. It is evidently due to a mis- reading of that original text 'io "in, and represented originally lulrS ' mountains of.' This misunder- standing is usually- attriljuted to the Chronicler ; but after the LXX, it would be rather an awkward addition by a later reader who mis.sed the expres- sion added in Kings. Of earlier comparisons hardly any deserve to bo mentioned. Bochart (PJialcq) thought of Aria in Persia (Herod, iii. 93, vii. 62, 86). The name begins with an h according to the Persian inscriptions, but the countrj- is too remote. No A8.syrian king ever possessed Aria (Herod, vii. 62 is mistaken, and contradicts himself, identify- ing Arians and Medians). \V. Max Mulleu.
HARADAH (•■n-jn, XapoJdfl).— A station in the
i'ourneyings of the Israelites, mentioned only i\i 33"- ". It has not been identilied.
HARAN (i-jn, 'mountaineer' (?)).—!. Son of Terah, you.iger brother of Abram, and father of Lot, Gn 11™ (P), also father of Milcah and Iscah, v.^^ (J). Dillmann rejects the view of Wellh. (Prul. 330) and Budde ( Urgcsch. 443) that p.i is a mere variation of [in. 2. A Gershonite Levite, 1 Ch 23'.
HARAN (pn, Xo/S^d, Xo/i^ii' ; Earan) is situ- ated in the N.W. of Mesopotamia on the Bellas, a tributary of the Euphrates, S.E. of Ldessa (Oorfa), in a country rendered very fertile by water- courses from tlie Bellas, which rises, at a distance of several miles, from the hills S. of the Euphrates. The origin of Haran is lost in antiquity, but it must have been early inhabited by Semites, perhaps Babylonians, the name of the city being expreswed in cuneiform by an ideograph (IJarranu, 'road'), which was prouably given it on account of its being a crossing point of the Syrian, Assyrian, and Bahj'lonian trade-routes. The merchants of this city are mentioned in Ezk 27^.
Nothing remains of the ancient city but a long range of mounds on both sides of tlie river and the ruins of a castle or fortress of a very ancient date, built of lai'"e blocks of ba-saltic rock ; it has square columns 8 it. thick sup|)ortingan arched roof 30 ft. high. The town is now represented only by a village on the slope of the hill. The small houses or huts are built (perhaps for want of timber) in the peculiar fashion depicted on the A.'^syrian bas- reliefs, i.e. with domed roofs. According to tnidi- tion, the well where Kcbckah was met by Abra- ham's me.xsenger (Gn 21") is near the city.
Ilaran is first mentioned when Abram and his family dwelt there after leaving Ur of tlie Chaldces on his way to Canaan (Gn IP'), and there the descendants of his brother settled, hence the name of ' the city of Nalior,' which it also bears (cf. Gn 24"* with 27"). Ilaran is frequcully mentioned in the cuneiform writings. Tiglathpileser L (B.C.
1120) in his great cylinder-inscription says that he killed ten elephants in ' the land of Haran,' and four ho captured alive and took to his capital Asshur. Sargon says that he ' spread out his shadow over the city Haran, and as a soldier of Anu and Dagon wrote its laws ' ; and Sennacherib speaks of Gozan, Haran, and Kuzepli as having been destroyed by one or more of his predecessors (2 K 19'-). The name of the epoiiyiny for the years B.C. 742 and 728, Bel-Harrani-boli-usur, 'Lord of Haran, protect (my) lorll,' would seem to indicate that Haran was then a very import»iut city.
The great tutelary deity of Haran was the moon- god. Sin in Assyrian, known anion'' the Semitic nations as Baal-Kliarran or Lord of Ilaran, though other deities must have been worshipped there. An inscribed seal in the British Museum repre- sents a priest in adoration before an altar, a small figure in the distance, and above the altar a star with the words ' The God of Ilaran.' Assur-bani- afdi speaks of the god Sin as dwelling in Haran. "The tablet K. 27Ula, which is a letter apparently sent to Assur-bani-apli, seems to refer to the crowning of his father Esarhaddon when on his way to Egypt. Reference is made therein to the ' bethel ' or temple at Haran, where the ceremony took place, and on this occasion tlie god Sbi is said to have appeared to those present : ' When the father of the king my lord went to Egy|>t, he was crowned (?) in tJie kanniol Harran, the temple * of cedar. The god Sin stood over the standard (?), two crowns upon his head, [and] the god Nusku stood before him. The father of the king my lord entered — [the crown] was placed upon his head,' etc. Later on, Nabonidus relates that Sin was angry with Haran and with his temple E-hul-hul (tlie house of joy) within it, and therefore allowed the Umman-manda (wandering hordes of Medes) to come and destroy it. Nabonidus then received from the gods Merodach and Sin, in a dream, in- structions to rebuild the temple at Haran, and, when he pointed out that the Medes still sur- rounded the city, he was told by those gods that they would be destroyed, which destruction took