LmtRATTJRE. —For the word, Schleuener, Lex. NT ; Deias- mann, Bibebttudien (1895), p. 87 (for the papyri) ; for the sense, Weizsacker, Ap. Aqe, U. SlSff., Hort, Chr. Eccl. p. 157 8., commentaries on 1 Co. J, V. BaRTLET.
HELYE.— Dt 19' ' As when a man goeth into the wood with his neighbour to hew wood, and his hand fetcheth a stroke with the a.xe to cut down the tree, and the head slippeth from the helve, and lighteth upon his neighbour, that he die ; he shaU dee unto one of those cities, and live.' "This idiomatic tr° is almost word for word from Tin- dale, including the word ' helve ' for the handle of the axe. Hut that word is as old as the Wyclilite version of 1388, ' and the yrun slidith fro the helve ' (the rJ82 ed. has ' haft '). The word, though still in use locally, does not seem to occur in the Eng. VSS except in this place (where Dou. has ' handle,' translating directly the Vulg. manu- brium), nor is it found in Shaks. or Milton. It is preserved in the proverb ' to throw the helve after
the hatchet,' i.e. give up everything, as Howell, Forninc Travcll, § 9, ' If shee should reduce the Spaniard to that desperate passe in the Nether- lanils, as to make him throw the helve after the hatchet, it would much alter the cose.'
The Ileb. U yn ' wood ' or ' tree,' the same word oa haa been trJ ' wood ' and ' tree ' already in the sanio verse ; hence KVm su^'(:esu tliut the a\e is supposed to glance oH the tree it is woriiinj; on, which ia proljably correct. Tlie LX.\ is « JtAo», 'the tree': and the words tr* 'haft' (Jg S~) and 'handle* (Ca 6") differ from this word. J. HASTINGS.
HEM.— See Dress, Feingks.
HEMAM (c:?"n). — The eponyni of a Horite clan, Gn 30--', called in 1 Ch 1» Homam (c?in). LXX has in both passages Alfidy. Kittel (in SBUT, 1 Ch l*") declares in favour of the reading Heuiam, which answers to the Lucianic 'll^dr. Dilliiiann (on Gn 36~) points out that Knobel's comparison of Hcmam with I/umaiTneU, a town south ol I'etra is against the phonology.
HEMAN ([C-n 'faithful'). This name occurs in three connexions. One man is probably referred to. 1. 1 K4^' one of the four sages whom Solomon excelled in wisdom. Ethan, being specially termed the Kzrahite, appears to be by that distinguished from the other three, sons of Mahol. 2. How- ever, one of the titles of I's 8S ascribes its author- ship to Heman tlie Ezraliite. If this be reliable, he might be Ethan's brother, and Mahol father only of Calcol and Darda(Keil). It can scarcely be doubted that the Chronicler (1 Ch 2'*) interprets Ezraliite as Zerahite, when he makes all four sages .sons of Zerah, son of Judali (so Grotius). Delitzsch maintains the ideiititj' of the Heman of 1 K 4^' with the author of I's 88. He also con- jectures that this Heman has dramatized his own experiences in the Book of Jot», ' a Chokma-work of the Solomonic age.' 3. 1 Ch 6^ 15"- " lli^'- •■- 25'«, 2 Ch 5'= 35" (1 Es l" Zacharias). A Kohathite Levite, one of the three precentors of David's temple choir. There are two suspicious features in the Chronicler's account of his family : (a) He is made the grandson of the prophet Samuel (1 Ch 6^). But Samuel was an Ephraimite (1 S !')■ Is not this the Chronicler's characteristic explanation of Samuel's constant oflering of sacrifice? (b) In 1 Ch 25* Ewald and Wellhausen (W. R. Smith, OTJC p. 143, n.') have shown that the last six names of Hemrn's 'sons' are merely the words of an anthem : ' (1) I have given great (2) and lofty help (3) to him that sat in distress; (4) I have spoken (5) a superabundance of (G) prophecies.' W. R. Smith {UTJC p. 204) maintains, moreover, that the three guilds of singers did not exist until the time of Alexander the Great (Neh 11" 12'--';. If this be true, the notices of Heman in Chronicles are unhistorical. Ewald (/// iii. p. 278 n.=) con- jectures that the Levitical schools of music adopted theJudahites Ethan and Heman into their family. Keil, on the other hand, says that the Levites Ethan and Heman are called Ezrahites because in- corporated into the Jud;ean family of Zerah (cf. Jg 17', 1 S 1'). The title ' seer' (htjzeh), applied to Heman (1 Ch 25'), as also to Asaph and Jeduthun, may refer merely to musical skill. Cf. the use of ' prophecy,' 1 Ch 25i-». N. J. D. White.
HEMDAN.— See Hamran.
HEMLOCK.— A word occurring in AV in two places (Hos 10^ Am 6'-). In the former RVm has rush (see GALL (2) P(ii). The Heb. equivalent of the latter is n;;;'? la'&ndh, which is everywhere else rendered by AV wormwood. RV so renders it in this passage. Neither word refers to the poison
HEX
HEKEDITY
349
hemlock, Coniiim maculatum, h., much less to the hemlock tree, Abies. G. E. J'oST.
HEN.— See CoCK.
HEN (ID).— In Zee 6" ' Hen the son of Zephaniah ' 18 mentioned amongst those whose memory «as to be perpetuated by tlie crowns laid up in the temple (so AV, KV). Wellhausen (A7. FropK., nd loc.) substitutes for Hen the name Joshua [Josiah] found in v.'", and in like manner corrects Helem of V." into Heldai of v.'". The LXX does not treat the word as a proper name, readin" elt xdpira i;ioO Zoipoviou. This is followed by Ewald, Hitzig, Keil, Orclli, Marti (in Kautzsch's AT), who gives ' Ereundlichkeit,' and RVm ' for the kindness of the son of Zephaniah.' J. A. Selbie.