HENA (yjn 2K 18" [wanting in the parallel passage, Is 36"], 19" = Is 37"). — According to some a city in Syria, but probably to be taken rather as a di\ ine name. In that case it should be identified with the Arabic star name al-liun'a; and 'Iwwd (lifttei Aivwd), coupled with it, will be identical with the star name al-'awivA'u (cf. Homniel, ' Huna and 'Awwa ' in Expos. Times, April IS'JS).
F. HoMMEL.
HENADAD (nin 'favour of Hadad').— A Levite chief (Ezr 3", Neh 3"- " 10»). See GENEALOGY.
HENNA.— See Camphire.
HEPHER (i:rr, 'digging').— 1. Son of Gilead the Manassite, and father of Zelophehad, Nu 26''- 27', .los I""' P. Patronymic, Hepherites, Nu 20^. 2. One of the tribe of Judah, 1 Ch 4". 3. A Mecherathite, one of David's heroes, 1 Ch 11*".
HEPHER (nrn). — A Canaanite royal city, named immediately before Aphek, Jos 12". The site is uncertain. The land of Hepher ('n px) is men- tioned in 1 K 4'" along with Socoh.
HEPHZI-BAH (a5-'^rn 'she in whom is my deliglit.' So in Plioeuician Sv^ssn 'the delight of Baal'). — 1. The mother of Manasseh, king of Judah (2 K 21*). 2. Symbolic name of the Zion of Messianic times (Is Gi').
HERALD (Aram, rtij, emphat. Krtij; see Kautzsch, Gram. § 04, 4). — The word so translated occurs only once, in Dn3''. If = Gr. )tTipKj(butseeBevan,107 n.) it will be one of those words in the IJk. of Daniel that prove its author to have lived ' after the dissemina- tion of Greek influences in Asia' (Driver, iOy* 502); such words are oin-p (xlSapis), and the names of other musical instruments, mentioned in connexion with the herald's proclamation on this occasion. No distinct mention is made in the annals of Hebrew warfare of the herald in his function of summoning conflicting parties to conference, or of demanding the submission of beleaguered places. Goliath utters his own challenge (1 S H""). When Sennacherib invaded Judah, his demands were made known by the Tartan, the Rab-saris, and the Rabshakeh, apparently prominent military tnd civil personages (2 Iv 18'"-). The oflicial leferred to in Daniel may, however, have per- lormed such duties in Babylonian military opera- tions, as on this occasion he is employed to nmke known the monarch's will at a high religious observance. K^piJ is aiii)lied by St. Paul to him- self (1 Ti 2', 2 Ti 1") lu^ a preacher of the di\-ine revelation in Jesus Chri.st, on both occasions in conjunction witli aTAoroXot. Noah is called (2 P 2*) 'a herald of righteousness.' See Prkachino.
G. Wai.keu.
HERB.— See Grass.
HERCULES ( 'Hpa/tX^s) is mentioned by this nauia only in 2 Mac 4"'' -", where Jason, the brother of the high priest Onias lu., who had secured by bribery his own appointment in the latter's place, and tfie head of the llellenizing party in Jems. (B.C. 174), sent 300 silverdrachmas (about £12, 10s.) to Tj-re as an ofl'eringin honour of H., the tutelary deity of that city. We know from tlie precedent of Alexander the Great (Quint. Curt. iv. 7) that it was customary for kings to send ollerings to H. at Tyre (' quern praecipue Tyrii colerent '). Tlie same deity is mentioned by Silius Italious (iii. 14U'. ) as being worshipped at Gades, an old Phoen. colony. He was otherwise known as Mel-Carthus or Melek- ^artha=' Lord of the city.' In a Phoen. in.scrip- tion {CIS I. i. 122) he is called Adonenu Melkarth Ba'al Tzure = 'Our Lord Melkarth, Baal of 'I'j-re.' Jos. (Ant. vill. v. 3 ; c. Ap. \. i. IS) also mentions H. and Astarte together, as Baal and Aslitoreth are often joined. The worsliip of the Tyrian Baal became widely prevalent in Israel on the marriage of Ahab with the Phien. princess Jezebel (IK jgsi. 33)_ and in Judah during the reign of Ahaziah and the usurpation of his mother Athaliah, the daughter of Ahab (2 K 8'-'' ll'»).
H. was worshipped at Tyre from very early times, and his temple in that place was, accord- ing to Herod, ii. 44, as old as the city itself, 2300 years before his own time. As a personification of the sun he afl'orded an example of nature-worship so common among the Phccn., Egj-p., and other nations of antiquity. The Greeks maj- have bor- rowed their deities from strangers, and, substituting individuals for abstract qualities or for the forces of nature, claimed for them an indigenous origin. Hercules ('Hpo«r\^s=' renown of Hera') was with them the heroic embodiment of strength, a demi- god powerful enough to restore even the dead tc life (Eur. A/ccstis, 1130). The connexion betweer the sun and strength can be easily traced.
C. H. Prichard.
HERD.— Three words in Heb. are ti"^ 'herd.' 1. nj: bCtkdr, ^ovs. This word is generic for cxen. It is not like zvti, applicable to two or more specie-i. Wherever it is used, therefore, it might without loss, and with sensible advantage, be translated oxen. 2. "i^t" 'cdlier, ^ot/ic6Xio. This word occurs once (Jl 1'*) in the construct state with bAkdr, and the expression is tr^ 'herds of cattle.' It would have been better to translate herds of oxen. In the same verse 'edher z6n is tr^ ' flocks of sheep,' being prob. intended to include goats as well. See Flock, Sheep. 3. ^jp? miknch. This word is u-sually rendered 'cattle.' See Cattle. In con- struction with bi'iMr (Gn 47") it is tr'' 'cattle of the herds,' AV, UVm ; while 1\V" text renders the two words by one, 'herds.' The construct ex- pression .It'^tC "JP? (v.") is rendered ' herds of cattle,' AV, KV.