Probably, nowhere in Asia Minor was the oppo- sition between the native superstition and the
• Whence the modem name Parabuk-Kalesai, ' Cotton Oastle.' t See Bonnet, Xarratio de miraciUo Chonig patrato. } See Kains.tv, Cities and Bishoprics, i. pt. ii. p. 552. § n. I pt. L p. 344 f. i 111. i. pt iL pp. 643-653.
Christian religion so strongly accentuated as in Hierapolis. In greater cities, like Ephesus, political considerations came in to complicate the antagon- ism. But Hierapolis was important only as tlie home of religion ; the native superstition is there revealed to us in its sharpest and most aggressive form, as the worship of the mother goddess l^eto (.see Diana) and her son Lairbenos (a form of Sabazios).
The early coins of the city, until about the time of Clirist, bear the ruder native name Hicrnpoli-i, while tliose of .\ugustus' later period and all subsequent emperors have the more correct form Ilierajiiilis ; the change of spelling shows that a step in the Hellenization of the city was made about that time (though private persons seem to have occasionally used the form Hieriip'jlii much later).* The Christians preferred the form Hicrrnwlis:f
In the apostolic period H. was a nourishing city, to whose medicinal springs numerous visitors (locked ; its prosjierity lasted throu^ih the Roman period (as is shown oj' its rich coinage) ; and it easily recovered from such losses as that of the earthquake which probably injured it in A.D. 00 (Tacitus, Ann. xiv. 27). Epictetus is tlie only important figure in literature connected with Hierapolis. It was made by Justinian, if not earlier, a metropolis ; and the north-west part of the <^roat province of Phrygia Pacatiana was placed under it.J The fact that several Christian martyrs were executed at Hierapolis g shows that it was a leading city under the Empire, where the proconsul held trials. The Neokorate in tlie Imperial religion was conferred on it by Caracalla about A.D. 215 [Athen. MUtheil. xix. p. 118).
LrrERATTTRR.— On the topography and history, see Hamilton and older travellers : a plan of the city is ^iven by Treinaux, Votjaye Arch^ol. en Asif Miiifure ; fullest discussion in Ram.'iay, CifiVj* and Bishopries of Phryfjia. vol. i. pt. L pp. 84-120, 121 f., and 172-175; on tlie Chri-^tian Antiquities, pt. ii. pp. 500 f., .M.MT.; and on the pai;ran religion in Hierai>olis, pt. i. pp. Sfl-lO.'i, l;l:5- 140. See also J. G. C. Anderson in Journal oJ ilellcnic SImlifs. pp. 17, 411. The elaborate work on Hierapolis by Judeich, etc., announced for some years as in the press, has not yet appeared.
W. M. Ramsay. HIEREEL ('Itpei)\), 1 Es9^ -The corresponding name in Ezr 10^"' is JEHIKL.
HIEREMOTH ('lepe/xcie).— 1. 1 Es 9". In Ezr 10=« Jf.f;i;.motii. 2. 1 Es 9*'. In Ezr 10» Jere.\ioth (KVni 'and Ramotli ').
HIERMAS (A 'Upfuit, B 'Up/ii), 1 Es 9=». 10=^ Ramiah.
-In Ezr
HIERONYMUS ('Itpwi'iiAos).— A Sjrrian officer in command of a district of Pal. under Antiochus V. Eupator, who harassed the Jews after the with- drawal of Lysias in B.C. 165 (2 Mac 12^).
HIGGAION See Psalms (Titles).
HIGH, HIGHMINDED. — High is occasionally used in the sense of ' tall,' as 1 S 9' ' From hia shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people' (aba) ; Jth 16' ' For the mighty one did not fall by the young men, neither did the sons of the Titans smite him, nor high giants set upon hiiii' [u>pri\ol yiyarTes). So occasionally in Shaks., as Merch. of Venice, v. i. 163 —
' a kind of boy, a little scrubbed boy, No higher than thyseX
From the literal sense, ' high ' passes readily into certain figurative apjilications, but that which wa
• Corjnts InscT. Attic, iii. 129, 1. 29, and perhaps Acta ConciL Constantinop. A.n. 347, refer to this city, not Ilieropolis ne* SandykU. See CUia and Bishoprics, i. "pt. i. pp. 87 1, XV, ft ii. p. (Kl.
t Cities and Bishoprics, i. pt. ii. p. 6i<2.
J lb. pt. i. pp. 108 f., 121.
I lb. pt. ii. p. 494.
HIGH, HIGH.MIXDED
HIGH PLACE
3i>l
take as fig. would often tc the religious conscious- ness of Israel be quite literal. See GOD, RELIGION, and compars the following passages : Ps 71'" ' Thj- righteousness also, O God, is very high ' ; 92'' ' But thou, Lord, art most high (RV ' art on high ') for evermore ' ; Is 6' ' I saw also the Lord sitting upon a throne, high and lifted up ' ; 57" ' For thus saith the high and lofty One that in- habiteth eternity ' ; 2 Co 10" Casting down imagina- tions and every hi";h tiling that exalteth itself against the knowledge of God' (jrav D-^u/ia) ; with many more. Rut in the foil, the tig. sense is com- plete, Dt 26" ' And the Loud hath avouched thee this day to be his peculiar people . . . and to make thee high ibove all nations which he hath made, in praise, and in namo, and in honour ' ; 32-'' 'Our hand is high (RV 'exalted'), and the Lord hath not done all this ' ; 'a man of liigli degree' 1 Ch 17" (■"'i';;?'? -IWi text certainly cor- rupt), or ' men of high' degree ' Ps 62^ (c-'x-'j;). Cf. Lk 16" Wvc. ' that that is high to men, is abhom- ynacioun bifor god.' So frequently in Sliaks., as TWO Gent, of Verona, il. iv. 100 —