In connexion with these local sanctuaries we find, in addition to the Muzzfhahs and Anhfrah.'!, fcl.so Ephodf and Ternp/iim (wli. .see). So in Jg 17°, 1 S 21»; cf. Jg 8", IIos 3*. That the former were images used in consultation of J" is probable from 1 S U'""*- 23'' 30'. (See Moore on Jg S"). And in connexion with the Ephod we have the Urim and Thuiiimim, or sacred lots for giving oracles, 1 S 14" (on tlie reiwling see Driver, na loc). Tor the priests of these high places see Chkmarim, Pkif;.st.
V. In four pa-s-sages of OT the plur. of the word is used as a proper name. Tlii'se are Nn21"'*', Nu ".1» KVm ' Bamoth of .Vrnon,' Jos 13" Bamoth-
baal. In this connexion it is noteworthy that tht word occurs twice upon the Moabite Stone. 1. 3 ' and I made this high place for Cherao.sh in
Qltllll.'
1. 27 ' I built Beth Bamoth, for it was destroyed.'
LiTEBATCRE.— Wellh. ProUg. pp. 17-51 (Eng. tr.); Driver on Deut. 12' and pp. xliii-li ; Baiidissin, Sludien, iL 26GIT.; W. li. Smith, OTJC" •iina., 275, 300. For a theory aa to the reauoa for the choice of high ground as a place of worship Bee \V. U, Smith, RS^ p. 470. W. C. Al.I.E.V.
HILEN (l^-n), 1 Ch G**.— See HoLON, No. 1.
HILKIAH ('i.'p^n, •i.'isi'n 'J" is my portion,' or ' he whose portion is J"). — I. The father of Eliakini, who was 'over the household' under Hezekiali (2 K 1S'»- -"■ "= Is 36'- ■■=' ; cf. Is 22»').
2. The high priest in the reign of Josiah. He it was who found the book of the law in the temple, whilst the building was undergoing repair in the ISth year of Josiah (B.C. 621). That this book was substantially the Bk. of Deuteronomy is generally acknowledged (see Deutero.VOMY). Ililkiah com- municated the news of his discovery to Shaphan the scribe, and this latter, having Hrst made liim- self acciuainted with the contents of the book, then read it before the king. Josiah was greatly moved upon hearing the threats and warnings of Deuteronomy against the introduction of idolatrous cults and the unrestricted worship of J" elsewhere than at the central sanctuary — ' the place which the Loud God shall choose to put his name there ' (Dt 12°). Immediately a deputation was formed by order of the king, consisting of Hilkiah and others, who proceeded to Huldah, the prophetess, to learn at her mouth the will of the Lord. Huldah predicted the certain fall of the kingdom of Judah, on account of tlie religious abuses wliich had been introduced under king Manasseh, but added that for Josiah's sake a respite was to be granted, that he might not see the evil which J" would bring upon Jerusalem.* After receiving the message of the prophetess, the young king at once commenced active measures, and carried out the CTcat religious reformation which is associated with liis name (2K 22f.=2Ch34»"-).
The narrative contains no suggestion by which a charge of fraud can be fastened upon Hilkiah, as though he had dcimsited the booK in the temple and had then professed to make discovery of it, while all the time he was aci^uainted with the author of it, even if he were not himself the author. On the contrarj', the simple and straightforward account of the repairs which were being carried out in the temple, and which led to the discovery, makes the inference obvious that the high priest was previously unacquainted with the book, and that it must have been placed in the temple for safety some time previously, either during the troublous reign of Manasseh, or during the earlier years of Josian.
3. The father of Jeremiah, and member of a priestly family at Anathoth (Jer 1'). 4. The lather of Gemariah, who acted as ambassador from king Zedckiah to Nebuchadrezzar (Jer 29'). 5. 6. Levltes of the clan of Merari, 1 Cli e" [Heb.*') '26". 7. A contemporary of Ezra, who stood at his right hand when he read the book of the law ]iulilicly (Neh 8*). Probably, the siinie Hilkiah is mentioned as one of the chiefs of the priests who went up to Juda-a with Zerubbabel and Jesliua (Neh 12'- '').
C. K. Blunkv. HILL, HILL-COUNTRY.— 'Hiir is in AV the rcnilering of (1) .n;:; (always), (2) v (.sometimes), (3) in Mt 5", Lk 4»{'tho brow of the hill') 9" of
• Prohablv, Huldah't •pw'oh hu been to ionie exteol amplill,.*! by a redactor of K In exilic lime*. Se« Kino*. ItooKs ar.
384
HILL, hill-couj;try
HIXGE
V (K'^' in 9" ' mountain '), and (4) in I.k 3» 'IS^ of ^otro5 (LXX usu. for n;;;) ; it occurs also in 1 S 9" for ■-[•;■ 7 (IvV 'ascent'), in Is 5' iu 'a very fruit- ful hill' (the paraphr. rend, of the Hub. 'a horn, the son of fatness ' — ' horn ' being, as in Arab., lij;. for a small isolated eminence), and in Ac 17'''' for rdyos (KV 'Areopagus'). HUl stands also in RV for Scv, a mcelling or bulging place, in 2 K 5", Is 3-2», Mic 4".
'Hill' is thus the most characteristic rendering of nj;;, a word which, coming from a root signify- ing to be convex (cf. V'JJ ' bowl,' Aram. V"; ' hump- backed '), no doubt denotes properly (Stanley, Sin. and Pal. 138, 497) the large rounded hills, mostly bare or nearly so, so conspicuous in parts of Pales- tine, e.specially in Judah. Several places situated on such hills derived their names from the circum- stance, as ' Giherih of Saul,' ' Gibca/i of Phinehas,' ' Gibeahoi the Foreskins,' etc. (see under GiBKAli) ; cf. the hill of Moreh (or of the Teacher) Jg 7', the hill of Cod (Gibeah) 1 S 10», the hill of yakllah 1 S 23'" 20'- », the hill of Ammali 2 S 2'^, the hill of Gareb Jer 31'«, also 1 S 6', 2 S e» •" the hill' (near Kiriathjearim) — all localities so called from the same marked topographical feature. Zion, it may be noticed, though sometimes termed a ' hill ' in AV, RV (as Ps 2» 3^ 15'), is in the Heb. regularly a ' mountain ' (in) ; it is spoken of as a ny^: only Is KF- 31'' (in both || 'mountain'), Ezk 34™ ; cf. Zepli 1'°. Hills of the same kind were also a favourite spot for the idolatrous rites of the Caiiaanites, which tlie Israelites were sometimes only too ready to take part in : the standing phrase is 'on every liigh hill, and under every spreading tree' (1 K \i^, 2 K 17'», Jer 2'»' al. ; cf. Dt 12-, Hos 4'^ Is 65', Jer 13=', Ezk 20^ etc.). Notice that .■H';; is also the term used iu Ex 17'- ". A recollec- tion of what a n;i 13 was adds force to Isaiah's pic- ture of every '>igh hill being fertilized l>y ' streams and water-courses ' in the ideal future (30^). .%':: is never used for a range of mount.ains (like in) ; but it often stands in poet, parallelism with ' moun- tain.' See e.g. Gn 49»', Is 2-, 30" 40-'- '= 41'».