The junction of the ea.«t and west valleys can- not be considered to belong to one valley more than the other, and, bo far as localizing Tophet, all will allow that the valley of H. extended to this junction. It is stated by Jeremiah (7'-) that the valley of H. in the vicinity of Tophet shall be called the ' valley of slaughter,' ' for they shall bury in Tophet till there be no more place ; later ou "lie prophesies (31*°), ' and the whole valley {'(mek) of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the liclds unto the brook Kidron, unto the comer of the horse gate to the east, shall be holy unto the Lord.' This seems clearly to point to the ground stretching from above the Virgin's Fountiiin to the Blr EyOb, includin" the mouth of Wfldy er-Uubibeh. Now, this land is here described as 'cmek, although Kidron is termed a nahal, and the valley of H. (wherever located) is termed a gai. This ground is al.so called fields (shidi'nwth, Jer 31'"' [Kerc]), and the 'king's garden' by Siloam (Neli 3"), probably the same as the king's dale (Vmci), where Absalom raised a pillar (2S 18"), stated by Josephus (Ant. VII. x. 3) to be 2 furlongs from Jerusalem. Josephus also relates that the ' king's paradise ' or ' garden ' was in the vicinity of En-ro"el, where Adonijah con- spired against king David (1 K 1° ; Ant. Vll. xiv. 4, LX. X. 4). Perhaps this may be the ' king's dale ' or 'vale' {'eniek) of Shaveh (Gn 14"), where Mel- ohizedek met Abraham. The garden of Uzza is not located (2 K 21"). This junction of the valleys may be the valley ('cmek) of Jehoshaphat or of decision (Jl 3-- '-•'*), where all nations shall be judged in ' the day of the Lord,' thus agreeing with the tradition of Christians, Moslems, and Jews for many centuries. See Jehoshaphat (Valley OF). The ' king's gardens ' were in the immediate ■vicinity of the remarkable waterworks constructed by the kings of Judah. The Virgin's Fountain is identified as Gilion in the valley ('-' Ch 33>'), the upper outlet of which was stopped by king Ileze- kiah, who ' brought it straight down "by an under- ground way on the west side of the city of David ' (2 K 20=», 2 Ch 32*"). This account exactly describes the rock-cut passage which runs through the Ophel spur to Siloam. There is, however, a still more ancient watercourse by which the Virgin's Fountain supplied the city of David with water (discovered by the present writer in 1868), and this water- duct has been identified by some as the 'gutter' by which Joab got up into tlie city of the Jebusites. On the outside of the Virgin's Fountain can still be seen the old conduit which led the overflow waters do«Ti the Kidron, and which may be identified as the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field (2 K 18", Is 7' 36-). It may possibly also be the 'king's pool ' (Neh 2"). The pool between the two walls at Siloam is also mentioned (Is 22«- ", Neh 3'"). But perhaps the greatest instance yet kno^^•n of the magnitude of the waterworks of the past in the valley of
Hinnoni is the remark.ible aqueduct cut in the rock running down the WAili/ en-Ndr below the Bir Eijiib, discovered and cleared out in 1868 for several hundrcil yards, and serving for no apparent purpose. Tliis seems probably the aqvicducl to carry oil' 'the brook that ovcrllowcd thmu^li the midst of the land,' for 'Why should the kings of Assyria come, and find much water?' (2 Ch 32*).
LfTRRATimR. — Rosenmiiller, Biblueh. Gtogr. li. 150, 164; Robinson, Hlil'; Stanley, SP\ Barclay, CU\i of the Great Kiiuj; liiehiu, lUi'Jt; Tobler. Topog.; Boedcker-Socin, I-.U.' JUoiv. q/Jenu. ; Williams, Uotj/ CUy; SWP.
C Warren. HIP. — The only occurrence of this word in AV is in the proverbial expression Jg 15" ' And he smote them hip and thigh ('i;'''*' P'"^) with a grea' slaughter.' The Heb. is lit. ' leg upon thigh,' but the origin of the phrase is quite unknown. The phrase ' hip and thigh ' comes from the Gen. Bible, which oilers in the marg. 'horsemen and footmen,' the suggestion of Targ.; but that does not explain the expression. Nor is Kimchi's ' heels over head,' in reference to their flight, more likely or more lucid. Others suppose the meaning to be that they were cut in pieces, and limb piled on limb in bloody confusion. We may compare ' catch one or have one on the hip,' supposed to belong to tlie language of wrestling, and found in Shaks. and elsewhere, as Merch. of Venice, I. iii. 47 — • If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient prudge I bear him.*
RV introduces ' hip ' into Gn 32'''"''' ' the sinew of the hip,' for AV ' the sinew which shrank. See SiNE\v. J. Hastings.
HIPPOPOTAMUS See Behemoth.
HIRAH (.TTr).— The AduUamite with whom Judah, according to the story of Gn 38 (J), appears to have entered into a kind of partnership in the matter of flocks (see Dillm. ad he). In vv.'^ *" he is called the 'friend' (i'l) of Judah. Instead of ).i;n, the LXX must have read \n-ji ' his shepherd,' for in both these verses it has Troi/ti)!'. This reading is followed also by Vulg. (pastor, opilio) and Luther (Hirte), but there can be little doubt that it is wrong. From v.' it is evident that Hirah's relation to Judah was an independent one, even if Judah was the more important man of the two. After Tamar had successfully carried out her stratagem, it was by the hand of his 'friend' Hirah that Judah sent the promised kid to the supposed kedesMh, Gn 38-'<"'- J. A. Selbie.