A hireling is a hired servant (for which .see V.VMILY, vol. i. p. 84!)°), and properly carries no suggestion of unfaithfidness. Thus Tindale, ]\'(irl,x. i. 140, 'Hereby niaye.st thou not under- stand that we obtain the favour of God, and the inheritance of life, through the merits of good works, as hirelings do their wages.' So Rhem. has 'hireling' in Lk l.')'^- '■', where all the other VSS have 'hired .servant.' And cf. Sir "-" 'Whereas thy servant worketh truly, entreat him not evil, nor the hireling that besloweth himself wholly for thee.' Hut through Christ's use of the word in •In 10'-- '^ it has come to express not only one who has no interest in his work, but even one who is unfaithful in the domg of it. Go.sson {ScJkkiIc of Ahii!:('. .Vrber's ed. p. 25) says, ' I'oetrie and pyping have allwaies bene so united togither, that til the time of Melanippides, Pipers were Poets hyer- lings ; but marke I pray you, how they are nowe both abused.' The word 'hireling' is now as greatly abused as either, being carried quite be- yond our I.,ord's meaning and intention. Shaks. does not use the word; but Milton (PL iv. 193) gives us —
■ So clomb this first prniiil Thief into God's- fold ; So since into hia cluirch lewd hirelings c'imb.' Then South, Sermons, iv. No. 5 — ' If we consider even Judas himself, it was not his carrying the bag, while he followed his master, but his follow- ing his master only that he might carry the bag, which made him a thief and an liireliiig.' Finally, C'owper, Trulh —
* Hut uith averted eyes th' omniscient Judpe ^ci>nis the baae hireling, and the slavish drudge.'
J. Hastinos. HIS. — Under an impression, probably, that the 's of the poss. ca.se was a shortened form of his (though it is really the remains of the Anglo- Saxon genitive ending -cs), this adj. was employed throughout a long period to indicate possession. It probably arose from a desire to avoid adding s to a word which already had that sound, perhaps
•• Cn/iiinaht. IS!*, by
more than once. Hence it is generally found aftel words eiKling in s. and e.siieeially after proper names. Thus Ridley. Jtrefe JJfChinilioii (iMoule'a ed.), p. 119, • Innocentius his fantastical invention ' ; and p. 140, -Duns his fantastical imagination'; Knox. Ilisl. p. 101, 'Secondarily, said he, I greatly doubt whether James his "commandmeiil or Pauls obedience, proceeded of the holy Ghost' ; Fuller. JIdly ]\'(irre. I. 3 (p. 4), ' Hut his"lIolines.se his converting facultie worketh the strongest at the greatest distance.' It is freely emjiloyed, how- ever, whi're there is no need to avoid repeating s. Thus Cranmer, WoH:t (Parker Soc). i. 2, 'And where he had reasons for the King his jiarty, that ho was moved of God his law, which tloth s"traitly forbid and that with many great threats, that no man .shall marry his brother his wife.' And, on the other hand, olil writers had not so nice .an ear .as we ourselves in the matter of multiplying sibilant.s. We lind in Cranmer, HVirAs, i. 18, "-the King's Grace's most honourable Council,' and p. lul, 'the King's lllghness's realm';* and in Hall ( Works, ii. 190) even ' We are Moseses di.sciples.' The idioin indeed was left after a time i,j the caprice or ta.ste of the writer. Tindale gives us in Mt 22'- ' I am Abrahams God, and Ysaacks God, and the God of .lacob.'
In AV 1011 his was used for the poss. ca.se in 1 K 15'* 'Asa his heart was perfect with the Liil:l) all his dayes,' and in Kst 3* ' to see whether Mor- decai his ni.atters would stand.' In l"'i2 the.se were changeil into the usual form with '«. But in the heading of Dt 10 'Moses his suit" reiuaiiis, and even ' Sarai her name ' in Gn 17 hi«Jin«. ;,„(i the foil, examples of his are still found in the Apocr.. 1 KS 1 lKa<li.iB9:ii3:.8. To 1 h.^nilii.K, jth l-.it; i;!'. i,-,ii_
Three 'ending 2 Mac 1*"" i^^ V2-- ; and in the Trans- lators' Preface we lind, ' Doth not their Paris edition differ from the Lovaine, and Hertensius his from them both,' and ' We might be taxed peradventnre with .S. .lames his words.' For his=its, see IT*. J. H.\stixgs.
HITHERTO was formerly an adv. of space as well as of lime, as in Shaks. / Hinrij IV. III.
' Kiifrland. from Trent and Severn hitherto. By south and east, is to my jiart assigned.'
So in AV. Job .38" ' Hitherto shalt thou come, but no further' (na-ij;); 2 S -'6 = 1 Ch 171" ' Who am I.
0 LOUD God, and what is my house, that thou hast brought me hitherto?' (a-'-i— i-, RV 'thus far '). Kven when the ref. is to time. ' hitherto ' was used in a sense th.at is now unfamiliar, expressing not only what has been up till now. but what is still going on. In Jn IG--' • Hitherto have ye asked nothing in my name,' the meaning is that that which is true up till now is no longer to be so. Put in Jn 5I' ' My Father worketh hitherto, and
1 work.' though the Gr. (fws fipn) is the same, the meaning is that the work still goes on (R\' 'even until now'). Cf. Ilamilton's Cdlcrhisiu, fol. 14'' ' Quhat is the trew sence of th(> same bukis is ye consent and authorite of our mother the haly kirk, f ra the Apostils tyme hitherto ' ; and Udal, Erasmus Pitraphrasi>. ii. fol. 279" "He Ls as yet hitherto alyve, that the hater wisheth evill unto, and yet he hini selfe is al ready dead. That mans life is safe: and this hath lost everlasting lyfe, being his owne murtherour.' J. lI.vsxi^iGS.