According to P the numbers of this tribe at the first census amounted to .54,400 (Nu 1-'"), at the second to 64,300 (2U^) ; while the Chronicler gives the number in the time of David as 145,600. Un- fortunately we can attach no weight to any of these figures.
2. Mentioned in the Chronicler's list of Korahite doorkeepers as the seventh son of Obed - edom (1 Ch 26=). A. S. Peake.
ISSHIilH {.TS'').— 1. One of the heads of the tribe of Issacli.ar, 1 Ch 7' (AV Ishiah). 2. A Koraliita who joined David at Ziklag, 1 Ch 12'* (AV Jesiah).
3. The son of Uzziel, 1 Cli 23™ (AV Jesiah), '24".
4. A Levite, 1 Ch 24-'. See Genealogy.
ISSHIJAH ('i;!!';). — One of those who had married a foreign wife, Ezr 10" (AV Ishijah), called in 1 Ea
9'- Aseas.
ISSUE.— See Medicine.
ISTALCURUS (A 'UrdXKOvpos, B 'IffTaraX/cos) 1 Es S^°. — ' Uthi the son of Istalcurus' here stands for ' Uthai and Zabbud ' in Ezr S'* (A Kal ZafiovS, B om. ). The name is apparently a corruption of the form in the J;Cer& niDii ('and Zaccur'). See Zabbud.
ITALA VERSION.— See Versions.
ITALIAN BAND.— See Augustus' Band
ITALY
ITS
519
ITALY ('IraXia), the geog. term for the country containing the headquarters of the Rora. eni^)ire, was ori<'inally applied only to the S. part ot the peninsula round the Gulf of Tarentum. It was aften/ards extended to include all the country to the foot of the Alps. Jews first attained prominence in Italy after the triumph of Pompey, B.C. 02, and, under the protection of Julius C;isar, they rapidly increased in numbers. They seem to have char- acterUtically appropriated a quarter of the capital, and spread to otiier cities. Horace {Sat. I. i.\. 69, ' vin' tu Curtis Judxis oppedere ') and Juvenal [Sat. iii. 296 and xiv. 96, ' Judaicum ediscvmt jus') speak of them as a constant element in the population. In A.D. 50 an imperial edict of Claudius banished the Jews from Home, possibly owing to riots be- tween tht latter and the Christians (Suet. Claud. XXV.) as to the claims of Christ to be the Messiah. Aquila and Priscilla are mentioned among the exiles (Ac 18") from I., which is apparently used as almost synonymous with Rome. See, further, Sehiirer, ffJP U. ii. 232 U'., and the Literature cited there.
Cornelius, the lirst Gentile convert to Christi- anity, is described as a member of the Italian band or cohort (Ac 10'), i.e. the regiment recruited in I., and consisting of native Italians, as distinguished from troops levied in the provinces. See Augustus' IUnd.
I. is again mentioned as the destination of St. Paul (Ac 27') when he appealed to Cicsar. The ship on which the prisoners were embarked was on its way back to Adramyttium in Mysia, and would calf at several ports on the coast of Asia, at one of which the centurion intended to transfer his charges to a vessel bound for Rome. This shows the existence of a considerable trade be- tween that city and the Mediter. ports. The ex- pression in He 13'^ ' they of I. (o! ottJ rTJt 'IraXIas) salute you,' is of too uncertain meaning to decide anything as to eitlier the destination or the place of composition of this Epistle.
Christianity was introduced into I. in early times, probably on the return of the Roman Jews who are called 'strangers from Rome' (.Vc 2'") to their native country after the Feast of Pentecost. The Ep. to the Romans, written about A.D. 58, points to the existence of a numerous body of Christians in that citv who were partly Jews and partly Gentiles (Ro 1''). C. ll. Prichard.
ITERATE.— Sir 41° ' Of iterating and speaking again, that which thou hast heard ' (iiri Sevrep- ui<reus, RV ' Of repeating '). Cf. Knox, Works, iii. 50, ' I knaw ye will say, it [the Mass] is none uther sacrifice, but the self same, save that it is iteratit and renewit ' ; Boyle, Wor/cs, iv. 552, ' Having wiped and cleansed away the spot, I iterated the experiment.' The mod. ' reiterate ' is scarcely equivalent. J. HASTINGS.
ITHAI ("PK).— A Benjamite, one of David's heroes, 1 Ch 1 1". In the parallel passage 2 S 23-», the name is 'cin Ittai (wh. see).
ITHAMAR (-tJO'x ' island of palms ' (?)*) is known to us only from P and the Chronicler. According to these writers I. was the youngest son of Aaron by Eli>lieba (Ex 6'^, Nu 3' 20*', 1 Ch 6»24'). To- gether with his three brothers, and Aaron their lather, he was consecrated to the jiriestliooj (Kx 28'), but the two elder brothers Nadab and .Vbiliu were slain for otl'ering strange lire (Lv 10; if. Nu 3«26"", 1 Cli24').
During the wilderness wan<lerings the taber- nacle and its equipment, together with the Ger- khonites and Meraritcs, were under the supreme
• Se<> Ilommel, Anc Ufb. Trad. 116; Gray, lltb. froprr Vrtmrt, 24011.
direction of Ithamar(Ex .38", Nu4^=', '->. In the reign of David the families of Eleazar and I. are said to have been divided into courses in the pro- portion of two to one (cf. 1 Ch 24'- *). Tlie compiler of the books of Chronicles represents the high priesthood as descending in unbroken succession until tlie captivity in the family of Eleazar (1 Cli O'"'*). But in the earlier historical books we find the ark under the charge of Eli and his descend- ants, and a comparison of 1 Ch 24', 1 S 22", 14^ would suggest that Eli belonged to the house of I. Jo.sephus expressly states that this was the case (Ant. VIII. i. 3). See High Priest under Priests AND Levites. W. C. Allen.