uately expounded by Irenveus. The doctrine of the Logos in the post-apost. age was the natural meeting-point of Christianity with the best ele- ments in the old religions. It seemed to many to furnish proof that the new relivion was it
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reality the full expression of truths taught by philosophy. Hence its prominence in the apolo- sists. But it was also easy for them to lose the iiical conception of Word in the Hellenic one of Reason; so that the doctrine became also a point of divergence between different schemes of theology according to the view taken of the term. The subsequent history of the doctrine lies beyond the limits of this article.
Lrrerature.—Out of the large literature bearing on this sub- ject, the following works may be mentioned as useful and re- resentative :—(A) On St. John’s doctrine, the Comm. of Liicke, feyer, Meyer-Weiss, Godet, Westcott, and Luthardt; Light- foot, Horw Heb., Exercitatio on Jn 1; Liddon, Bampt. Lectt. (1866) on The Divinity of our Lord, Lect. v.; Watkins, Bampt. Lectt. (1890) on Mod. Criticism and the Fourth Gospel, Lect. viii.; Gloag, Introd. to Johan. Writings (1891), p. 167 ff. ; Stevens, Johan. Theol. (1894), ch. iv. ; Bib. Theologies of NT of Weiss and Beyschlag, as representative of different views ; Lias, Doctrinal Syst. of St. John (1875).—(B) On the Jewish doctrine of the Word, Oehler, OT Theol. (1873), 88 55 ff., 287 ff.; Schultz, OT Theol. ii. 165 ff.; Nicolas, Les Doct. Relig. des Juifs ΤΩΝ Langen, Das Judenthum in Paldst. fur Zeit Christi 1866),
LOIS
866), p. 248 ff.; Weber, System der Altsynag. Palistin. ‘heol. (1880), § 38; Schiirer, HP (1885) τι. iil. 374 ff.—(C) On the history of Gr. philosophy bearing on the growth of the Logos idea, the Histories of Philos. by Zeller, Ueberweg, Ritter ; Heinze, Die Lehre vom Logos in der Gr. Philos. (1872); Aall, Gesch. der Logoslehre in der Gr. Philos. (1896).—(D) On Alexandrianism and Philo, P. Allix, Judgment of the Ancient Jew. Ch. against the Unitarians (1699); Gfrorer, Philo und die Alex. Theosophie (1831); Dahne, Gesch. Darstel. der Jiid.-Alex. Religions-Philos. (1834); Siegfried, Philo von Alex. (816); Drummond, Philo Judeeus (1888); Réville, La Doct. du ogos dans le quatr. évang. et dans les euvres de Philon (1881) ; Bigg, Christian Platonists of Alexandria (1886), ch. i. ; Eders- heim, art. ‘Philo’ in Smith’s Dict. of Christ. Biog.—(E) On the doctrine of the Logos in the apost. and post-apost. Church, Dorner, Hist. of Doctr. of Pers. of Christ, div. 1. vol. i. ; Hag- enbach, Hist. of Doctr. period i. div. 2; Harnack, Dogmenges pp. 98-110, 413 ff. ; Loofs, Leit/aden zum Stud. der Dogmen- gesch, (1st Hauptteil). G. T. PURVES.
LOIS (Avis, ΒΡΡΑΤΕΠΕΙ͂Υ a Greek name, akin to λῴων, Agoros; ‘die Liebe, Angenehme’ [Pape, Handworterbuch der griech. Eigennamen), but not found elsewhere except as the name of an island off the Thessalian coast—Steph. Byz. s.v.).—The grendmother of Timothy, and probably mother of
unice (2 Ti 15). She was a lady of Lystra (but see Blass on Ac 16), probably, as the Greek names of all the family suggest, Hellenistic by birth, but a devout and sincere Jewess of ‘unfeigned faith,’ who trained her family in the Jewish scriptures (2 Ti 35), and was probably converted to Christi- anity on St. Paul’s first visit to Lystra.
W. Lock.
LONGSUFFERING.—This fine word is both an adj. andasubstantive. As an adj. it is thrice used of God in OT (Ex 34°, Nu 1418, Ps 8615) as the trans- lation of m =x 37x, elsewhere translated ‘slow to anger,’ and so translated in these passages by RV. In Apocr. the adj. occurs thrice again of God as tr. of μακρόθυμος (Wis 15}, Sir 2" 54). And in NT it occurs once, 2 P 3° ‘ The Lord is not slack con- cerning his promise, as some men count slackness ; but is longsuffering to us-ward’ (μακροθυμεῖ. The adj. μακρόθυμος does not occur in NT, and the adv. μακροθύμως only once, Ac 26%, where it is rendered ‘patiently’; but the verb μακροθυμέω oceurs often. In 1 Th 5 for AV ‘be patient toward all men’ (μακροθυμεῖτε πρὸς πάντας) RV pre- fers ‘be longsuffering toward all’; in Lk 187 for AV ‘though he bear long with them’ (καὶ paxpo- θυμῶν [edd. μακροθυμεῖ] ἐπ᾽ αὐτοῖς) RV gives ‘and he is longsuffering over them’ (Amer. RV ‘and yet he is,’ etc.).
The subst. is found but once in OT, Jer 15% ‘take me not away in thy longsuffering’ (5x 37x, LXX els μακροθυμίαν ; Vulg. in patientia tua, whence Wye. ‘in thi pacience’; Cov. ‘in thy longe wrath’; Gen. ‘in the continuance of thine angre’; Bish. ‘in the time of thine anger.’ Cheyne interprets,
‘suffer not my persecutors to destroy me through the longsuffering which thou displayest towards
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them’; soStreane ; but Orelli translates, ‘ Accord. ing to thy longsuffering, carry me not away’). In NT < longsuffering’ is the tr. of μακροθυμία in all its occurrences except two (viz. He 6” and Ja δ᾽", where AV and RV have ‘patience’). The Gr. word is the opposite of ὀξυθυμία τε " quick temper,’ ‘irascibility’: it is distinguished from ὑπομονή, vax. being the temper which does not hastily avenge a wrong, ὑπ. the temper which does not easily succumb under suffering. See Lightfoot on Col 1" and Ro 24 (in Notes on Epistles of St. Paul, P: 259), Sanday -Headlam on Ro 24, Abbott on =ph 4° and Col 1", and Trench, NZ Synonyms, 188, 359. In his ‘ Prologe’ to Exodus, Tindale says, ‘Marke the longesoferinge and softe pacience of Moses and how he loveth the people and is ever betwene the wrath of god and them and is readye to lyve and dye with them and to be put out of the boke that god had written for their sakes (as Paule for his brothren Roma. ix.) and how he taketh his awne wronges pacientlie and never avengeth him silf.’ Cf. also Tindale’s tr. of Nu 1418 ‘the Lorde is longe yer he be angrye, and full of mercy, and suffereth synne and trespace, and leaveth no man innocent.’ See FORBEARANCE, vol. ii. p. 47. J. HASTINGS.