LOOK.—The simple verb to look was former] used in the sense of ‘look for,’ ‘expect,’ as Hall Works, ii. 107, ‘Little did Zacheus looke that Jesus would have cast up his eyes to him’; Rutherford, Letters, No. LI., ‘Our Lord, that great Master of the feast, send us one hearty and heartsome supper, for I look it shall be the last.’ There are three examples in AV, Is 5? ‘he looked that it should bring forth grapes, and it brought forth wild grapes’ ; Sir 9015. ‘he looketh to receive many things for one’ (RV ‘his eyes are many instead of one’); Ac 28° ‘they looked when he should have swollen’ (RV ‘they expected that he would have swollen’).
Driver in his Parallel Psalter (p. 448) draws attention to the specially biblical phrase look on or look upon. This has sometimes a good sense, sometimes a bad, but generally denotes satisfaction, and is occasionally paraphrased by ‘ see one’s desire on.’ Thus Ex 5*! ‘The Lord look upon you, and judge’; Dt 267 ‘the Lord heard our voice, and jected on our affliction’; 2S 98 ‘what is thy ser- vant, that thou shouldest look upon such a dead dog 85 1 am?’; 1Ch 12” ‘the God of our fathers look thereon, and rebuke it’ ; 2Ch 24 ‘ The Lord look upon it, and require it’; Lk 1* ‘Thus hath the Lord dealt with me in the days when he looked on me, to take away my reproach among men.’ But ‘look unto’ in Dt 957 ‘look not unto the stubborn- ness of this people,’ means ‘regard’; ef. Ly 19**, Dt 311* » ete. river’s examples (in all of which Heb. is 3 7Nn) are Ps 22!7 274 (‘gaze upon’) 13 37% 504 5475910 9128 0913 1065 1128 1187 128°. Thesame phrase occurs in line 4 of Mesha’s inscription, ‘s3#7-522 °3897 ‘he made me to look upon [it.e. let me see my pleasure on] all my enemies.’
The phrase look upon is used occasionally in another sense, Gn 24° ‘the damsel was very fair to look upon’; 2S 115 ‘the woman was very beautiful to look upon’; Rev 45 ‘he that sat was to look upon like a jasper and a sardine stone.’ So to look on, Est 1" ‘she was fair to look on.’ And to look to, 1S 16” ‘ Now he was ruddy, and withal of a beautiful countenance, and goodly to look to’; Ezk 23 ‘all of them princes to look to.’
To look to a person or thing in the sense of ‘give attention to’ it, is also occasionally found, Ex 10! ‘look to it ; forevilis before you’; Pr 14} ‘the prudent man looketh well to his going,’ se 31°7; Jer 39% ‘Take him, and look well to him, and do him no harm,’ so 404; Ae 18" ‘ But if it be
LOOKING-GLASS
a question of words and names, and of your law, look ye to it.’ Cf. Cranmer, Works, i. 160, ‘My chaplains and divers other learned men have reasoned with him, but no man can bring him in other opinion, but that he, like unto Esau, was created unto damnation; and hath divers times and sundry ways attempted to kill himself, but by diligent looking unto he hath hitherto been pre- served.’
In2K14*" occurs the phrase ‘to look one another in the face,’ of which the meaning is apparently ‘to join battle.” The Heb. phrase occurs nowhere else (hous: 2 K 23” is very like it, ‘he slew him at Megiddo, when he had seen him’), and the Eng. is a literal translation. But see Barnes in vol. il. p. 513°, and in Expos. Times, ix. 464, 521.
Look ! as an exclamation, having no correspond- ing word in Heb. or Gr., is common in Coverdale : thus Ru 116: 17 «Loke where thou abydest, there wil I abide also . . . Loke where thou diest, there wil [ dye.’ One example of this ‘graphic and _pic- turesque pleonasm,’ as Driver calls it, has been introduced by the AV translators (it does not seem to occur in any earlier version) at 1 Mac 44 ‘ Look, at what time and what day the heathen had pro- faned it, even in that was it dedicated with songs, and citherns, and harps, and cymbals.’ RV omits.
J. HASTINGS.
LOOKING-GLASS.—See GLAss, vol. ii. p. 181%.
LOOPS (nxdd, ἀγκύλαι).---Εἰχ 264 10 36Ut 17 only, The term is used in connexion with the curtains of the Tabernacle, and the arrangement for coupling these together. Full details will be found under art. TABERNACLE.
LORD.—Both AV and RV print this word in three different ways, Lorp, Lord, and lord. (1) Lorp. ‘This form represents m7, the proper name of the God of Israel. It is a substitution adopted by the Hebrews themselves, who shrank from pro- nouncing a name so sacred, and directed that ‘4s should be read instead, except in the cases where that word itself precedes the holy name, for which omy was then substituted. When the vowel points were invented, those belonging to these words were respectively attached to the con- sonants m7.
When this feeling first asserted itself cannot be accurately ascertained. It prevailed before the date of LXX, where Κύριος always represents the divine name. The Jews justify the custom by an appeal to Ly 9416, but this passage is rather an indication of the strength of the feeling than a justification of it. It was a grand opportunity missed when RV followed AV in this practice, especially in such passages as 1 K 1889, where the whole meaning depends on the contrast of the names J” and Baal. On the other hand, the gradual suppression of the proper name was an undoubted gain to religion. Had it, for instance, appeared in the NT, the spread of Christianity might have been seriously impeded.* The faith that is to embrace the world must have no special name for its God. J”, Molech, Chemosh were divini- ties of tribes or nations. The God of Christianity is universal, the God of the human race.