(2) Lord. This term in OT is used to translate —1. ‘7x when applied to the Divine Being. The word is in form a plur. majestatis (see e.g. Gn 39), with suffix of Ist person with "-- instead of "---, presumably for the sake of distinction (meaning, therefore, properly, ‘my Lord’). Itis of infrequent use in the historical books, and in some cases it is uncertain whether it is a divine or a human appel- lative (Gn 185 1018, he MT sometimes decides
* Neither AV nor RV of NT print Lorn in quotations, pre- verving in this way the change made by the LXX
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this by a note distinguishing between the word when ‘holy’ or only * excellent,’ sometimes by a variation in the pointing (3, 3, or 3). ‘Lord’ appears in combinations : O Lord my God (Ps 38"), Lord God (Gn 155. 8), the Lord God (Is 258). In the two latter ‘God’ is a substitute for the proper name. 2. 78 in its regular forms, when used of the Divine Being (Ex 237). This rule has not, how- ever, been observed with strict uniformity. In Neh 3° 810 copies of 1611 printed Lorp. 3. x72, an Aram. word (Dn 2*7 5%). The same word is repre- sented by ‘lord’ (Dn 4:5. In Nt, ‘Lord’ renders Κύριος when it refers directly to God or Christ, or appears in the vocative case. (This rule is more consistently followed in RV thanin AV. Comp. them in Mk 28, Rev 174). It also renders δεσπότης five times, Lk 2”, Ac 44, 2 P 2), Jude 4, Rev 6 In the last three of these RV prefers ‘ master.’ (3) lord. This form represents ten Heb. words. The most common of them all is ὑπὸ (Phen. in. scriptions often show 7x. The name Adonis is of Pheen. origin.), which is used to denote eminence or superiority in every domain of life, of kings (Jer 2218), governors (Gn 4219), prophets (1 K 157), fathers (Gn 3155), masters (Gn 455). In the vocative it is especially frequent. Joseph is so addressed (Gn 42”), Moses (Nu 11%), Elijah (1 K 187), the theophanie angel (Jos 5%), a captain (2S 11"), a priest (1S 1°). In Jg 5” a bowl jit for lords is oi Sap. In Nu 21% (cf. Is 168) ‘the lords of the high places of Arnon’ tr. the plural of Sys, which generally appears as ‘the Baalim.’ Baal means ‘master’ or ‘owner.’ In Gn 9759. 51 ‘lord’ tr. 133 ‘a strong man.’ Lords of the Philistines (Jos 13° etc.) no doubt represents some title peculiar to that people. The Heb. is 0379 (const. ‘370) ‘axles,’ always applied to the heads of the five chief cities, except in 1S 18, where they are called ony. In consequence of this, Ewald would connect 7γ0 with τῷ. But an Arab. word meaning ‘axle’ is also used as a designation of a chief, and, till a better origin of the name is found, this analogy cannot bedisregarded (see Gesen. Thes. under }72, and Keil on Jos 13). The LXX em. ploy σατραπεία or ἄρχων, Vulg. satrapes or princeps. In Jer 2°! ‘ we are lords’ (A Vm ‘ have dominion ἢ tr. the verb m7. RV has ‘we are broken loose.’ The proper sense of the word is ‘to roam at large’ (see vol. ii. p. 527 note *). In Ezr 8“ τῷν is more properly by hiv tr. ‘prince.’ In Dn 2" the adjective 31 ‘great’ is tr. ‘lord’ (see RVm), and in the same book 133}, LXX μεγιστᾶνες. The word ody tr. ‘lord’ in 2K 73. 1819 (rpordrns), and Ezk 23% (ἡγεμών, RV ‘ princes’), apparently means a captain of a chariot or of charioteers. A. S. AGLEN.
LORD OF HOSTS (nixzy m7).—This divine title has been explained brietly under Gop (vol. ii. 203): the object of the present article is to mention a few further particulars respecting it. The usual form of the title is ‘J” of Hosts,’—sometimes with ‘the Lord’ (7x Am 95", Is 3 10% al., or τὰ ft Is 1*4 19") prefixed ; there occur however, besides, the forms ‘J’, the God of Hosts’ (mxas ‘~$x τσὴ), Am 8:18." 418 514. 15.18 (followed by 4x) 6% 34*, Hos 129) *, 2S 5, 1 K 191M, Jer δ᾽} 1516 3517 3817 447, Ps 805 δ), and with the strange o'n>s for ‘nds originally, no doubt (see Cheyne or Baethgen on Ps 59%) a correction, made mechanically, for m=, which, however, afterwards regained its place beside it—Ps 59° (δ) 80 6 (δ). 19 (20) S45) . «the Lord J”, the God of Hosts,’ Am 3*; ‘the God of Hosts’ (without J") Am 5”, and, as before, with o-n>s for ‘n>x, Ps 807° #19), So far as usage is concerned, it is pre- eminently the prophetical title of God. It occurs
* ΝΣ. (with the art.) in these passages.
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with great frequency in the prophets * (except Ob, Joel, Jonah, Dn, and, somewhat remarkably, Ezk; three other prophets, however, use it once only, viz. Hos 12° ὃ), Mic 44, Hab 918, and two only twice, Nah 213°, Zeph 29: 10), in the hist. books it is found only 1S 15:11 44 15217®, 2S 5! (=1Ch 11) 65 18 78 35 (=) Ch 177%) 7, 1 K 1815 191 6 2 K 314 1951 (=Is 37%), several of these occurrences being in the mouth of prophets: it occurs also in 8 Psalms (2410 467-1 425 δ. 695 809. 7-14.19 941. 8. 8. 12 898), but not in any other part of the Hagiographa (except 1 Ch 11. 17, from 2 S, just quoted).