(8) 2116, The guilt of those who marry forelgn women
* Contrast Am 8°. ; t The terms of that punishment are not quite clear in 2
MALEFACTOR
MALLUS 223
evidently eager to carry out his master’s wish to secure Jesus, and was therefore struck at by Peter. The stroke missed, and only cut off Malchus’ ear (ὠτίον (Mt), ὠτάριον (Mk, Jn), and ods (Lk) are synonymous; cf. Lk 22° with; and consult Lobeck, ad Phryn. p. 211). It could not have been entirely severed, since Jesus ‘ touched i¢ and healed him.’ Jesus’ words (Lk 22"), ‘Suffer ye thus far’ (ἐᾶτε ἕως τούτου), have been supposed by some to have been addressed to the arresting party as a request not to bind Him until He had repaired the injury. But that they were addressed to Peter appears from the preceding word ‘ answered,’ and from the fuller account in Mt and Jn (see Meyer, ad loc.). It has been noted that St. Luke the ler tan alone records the healing.* The name
lalchus (MdAxos, a grecised form from the root πὸ) was common in different forms among the Hebrews and neighbouring peoples. Cf. 7352, 1 Ch 6“, Neh 10" 5 125, Ezr 10”-8; LXX Μαλώχ or Μαλούχ. There were Nabatzan kings(Euting, Nad. Inser. 63, 81 ΠῚ, 91) of this name, which is written by Josephus Μάλχος or Μάλιχος (=7'52, Dalman, p. 104). It was the name also of the philosopher Porphyry, a Syrian by birth (cf. Del. Zeit. f. Luth. Th. 1876).
G. T. PURVES.
MALEFACTOR.—The Gr. word κακοποιός occurs in Jn 18” (TR, but edd. κακὸν ποιῶν), where it is rendered in AV ‘malefactor’; also in 1 P 2!% 4 45, where it is ‘evil doer.’ RV gives ‘evil-doer’ in all the passages. Again, κακοῦργος is in AV ren- dered ‘malefactor’ in Lk 23%: *-% but in 2 Ti 2° ‘evil doer’; RV'‘ malefactor’ everywhere. There is no difference in meaning between κακοποιός and κακοῦργος, and there is none between ‘ malefactor’ and ‘ evil-doer,’ but this isa good example of the care of the NT Revisers to express the same Gr. word always by the same Eng. word. Fuller, Holy State, 203, says, ‘Thus Cranmer (who sub- scribed to Popery) grew valiant afterwards, and thrust his right hand which subscribed first into fire, so that that hand dyed (as it were) a malefactour and all the rest of his body dyed a martyr.’
J. HASTINGS.
MALICE, MALICIOUSNESS. — Both ‘malice’ and ‘maliciousness’ have become restricted in meaning since 1611 to a special form of wicked- ness. In AV of NT the only word they translate is xaxla, i.e. wickedness of any kind, ‘the vicious character generally,’ as Lightfoot says, or as Wilson (Christian Dictionary, 1616) describes it, ‘the whole pravity and naughtines of sin.’ Other words are translated ‘ malice’ in the Apocr. as μῆνις (Sir 27%, RV ‘wrath’), ἔχθρα (1 Mas 136 RV ‘hatred’), but the same general meaning attaches to the word there also. RV penieralle retains ‘malice’ and ‘ maliciousness,’ but prefers ‘ wicked- ness’ to ‘malice’ in 1 P 21), and to ‘maliciousness’ in 1 P 2"; and wherever in the Apocr. the Gr. is κακία (Wis 190. 1614 2 Mac 4°) RV has ‘ wicked- ness.’ The Douay Bible translates Is 40? ‘Speake to the hart of Ierusalem, and cal to her; because her malice is accomplished, her iniquitie is for-
iven’; and ef. Hooker, Eccl. Pol. v., App. 1, ‘It Fath been ever on all sides confest that the malice of man’s own heart doth harden him and nothing else.’ Tindale’s tr. of Ja 15} is ‘Wherfore laye a parte all ae all superfluite of malicious- nes’; and Hall, Works, ii. 17, says, ‘Doe thou that in us, which was done to thee for us; cut off the superfluitie of our maliciousnesse, that we may be holy, in, and by thee, which for us wert content to be legally impure.’
The adj. malicious occurs in 3 Jn ‘T will re- member his deeds which he doeth, prating against us with malicious words’ (λόγοις πονηροῖς, RV ‘ with
*On the difficulty of admitting the historicity of Luke's narrative, see Expos. Times, x. 139, 188.
wicked words’); and a few times in Apocr. (Ad. Est 137, Wis 14, 2 Mac 5%). Cf. Hos 65 Cov ‘Galaad is a cite of wicked doers, of malicious people and bloudshedders.’ For the ady. ‘ malici- ously,’ which is found in Sus 3. 52. 2 Mac 144, cf. Cotton, Calvin’s Isaiah on Is 401, ‘Now the Pro- phet enters upon a new argument, for he lets the people alone, which made no use neither of ad monitions nor threatenings whatsoever, in regard they were become maliciously desperate.’ J. HASTINGS.
MALLOTHI (:n\$>).—A son of Heman, 1 Ch 25% 35, There is reason to believe that this and five of the names associated with it are really a fragment of a naam or prayer (see GENEALOGY, III. 23n.; and ef. Kittel in SBOT, and W. R. Smith, O7/C? 143n.). In v.4LXX B has Μανδεί, A Μεαλωθί ; in v.% B Μεθαθεί, A Μελληθί.
MALLOWS (mbm malliah, ἅλιμα, A ἄλιμμα, herdbe et arborum cortices).—T wo names of plants in Arab. are derived from the same root as malltiah: (1) Melikhiyeh, the ‘Jews’ mallow,’ Corchorus olitorius, L. This is an annual herb of the order Tiliacee, with oblong-ovate, serrate leaves, the lower teeth of the leaves tipped with long bristles. It bears pods 3 to 4 in. long. The mature stem furnishes the fibre so well known in commerce as ‘jute.’ The immature stem and leaves are tender and succulent, and havea mucilaginous juice, which is nutritious like that of the mallow. They are extensively used in the East as a pot-herb, This plant grows only in well-watered ground. As the context of the only passage in which malliah occurs (Job 30*) refers to desert places and plants, and to the food of the very poorest of the people, this is not likely to be the plant niente: (2) Mallakh. This word is identical with malliah in form. In some places the allied form millah is used. Both are popular names for the Sea Orache or Sea Purslane, Atriplex Halimus, L. RV tr. it ‘saltwort.’ It is a perennial shrub, of the order Chenopodiacee, with silvery-white, ovate, obtuse leaves, and densely spiked flowers in a thyrsoid- pyramidal panicle. The plant grows in salt marshes along the seacoast and in the interior. The leaves are sour; and Dioscorides says that they were cooked as vegetables. They would cer tainly be the food of none but the poorest, and well suit the context. G. E. Post.