Our documentary authorities, y blind respect to the numbers sfore them.
of the Samaritan. therefore, did not which they found
Budde (Urgeschichte, ch. iv.), followed by more recent writers, has endeavoured to show that the Sam., by dating the death of Jared, Methuselah,
and Lamech in the same eg as the Flood, meant to imply that they perished in that catastrophe. He also sees in the names of these patriarchs indi- cations of sinfulness and degeneracy. But the etymology is too uncertain to justify the latter
693 PATROBAS
PAUL THE APOSTLE
inference (see the new Oxford Heb. Lexicon, and alsy the name list in Ball’s Light from the East).
The list in ch. 11 is still more evidently artificial. In all three authorities the purpose is to indicate a gradual diminution of longevity from 600 to 200 eae thus preparing the way for the still shorter ifetime of Abraham and his successors. The LXX, by adding 100 to each of the earlier lives, after the first, makes the slope more gradual. The Sam., by adding 100 to the age at the birth of the firstborn, avoids the startling transition from 100 in Shem’s case to 35, 30, etc., in the succeeding ones. This version also, to escape the apparent inconsistency between the supposition that Abraham’s begetting a son when 100 years old is a miracle, and the statement that 130 was the ordinary age for this in the preceding cases, has the 79 and 70 of the LXX for Nahor and Terah. As an example of the freedom with which the MT treated this matter, the instance of Terah may be cited. The Sam. gives him 145 years: this would make Abra- ham faces Haran immediately on his father’s death. But Gn 12! relates that Abraham was called to leave his father’s house. Hence the 205
ears ascribed to Terah in the MT: according to it, Terah survived his son’s departure 60 years. Finally, we must note the startling discrepancy between the 290 years of MT, the 940 of Sam., and the 1070 of LXX, as the length of the period from the Flood to the Birth of Abraham.
In endeavouring to account for these extra- ordinary figures we must never forget that we owe them to P. The earlier documents, J and E, show no trace of anything similar. It is P, too, who attributes to Abraham 175 years, to Isaac 180, to Jacob 147; and, when compelled to limit Moseez to 120, seems to think his comparatively early decease requires comment: ‘his eye was not dim, nor his natural force abated.’ The periods determined by such landmarks as Creation, Flood, Birth of Abraham, needed to be filled up. P was especially attracted by names and numbers. The names were supplied by tradition. We have no evidence to prove that a definite number was attached to each of these names. But we do know that in ancient times the belief prevailed that human life had formerly been prolonged far beyond the limits which have since been familiar. Hesiod asserts that in the Silver Age childhood lasted 130 eco A Hebrew prophet (Is 65”), picturing the Messianic future in colours drawn from popular ideas respecting the far-distant past, predicts that ‘the child shall die an hundred years old’ (on this passage see Expos. Times, Nov. 1899, p. 61),
Lrreratvre. — Besides the best Commentaries on Genesis, Budde’s Urgeschichte is helpful. See also Ryle’s Early Narra- tives of Genesis, and the art. CugonoLoéy or tHE OT in the first vol. of this Dictionary. J. TAYLOR.
PATROBAS (Ilarpi8as).—The name of a member of the Roman Church greeted by St. Paul in Ro 16%. It is a shortened form of Patrobius. The name was borne by a well-known freedman of Nere, who was put to death by Galba (Tac. Hist. i. 49, ii. 95), and occurs in inscriptions (Lightfoot, Philippians, p. 175). Patrobas is commemor- ated on Noy. 4, and all later legends about him will be found in Acta Sanctorum, Nov., vol. ii. 1, p. 222, A. C. HEADLAM.
PATROCLUS (lIldrpoxdos).—The father of the Syrian general Nicanor (2 Mac 8°).
PATTERN.—Various words are so rendered. 1. mye tabhnith [from banah, to build], the shape of a thing, elsewhere tr. ‘example’ or _ cusample,’ ‘figure,’ ‘form,’ etc., is tr. ‘ pattern’ in Ex. 25° > “ὁ. Jos 22%, 2 K 16”, 1 Ch 284-12 1819 in reference to
the model or idea (lit. ‘construction ’) of the taber- nacle, etc. 2. np tokAnith (fr. takhan, to regulate, adjust, used in Job 28%, Is 40! 18 of God’s work ‘in ας τ creation by weight or measure’] occurs only in Ezk 28" (of the symmetry or perfection of the prince of Tyre [see Davidson, in loc.], AV ard RV ‘sum,’ RVm ‘Or measure, or pattern’), aud 43” (of the idea of the temple before ee eg ΑΥ͂ and RV ‘pattern,’ AVm ‘ Or sum or number,’ RVm ‘Or sum’). 8. 7x72 mar’eh [fr. r@ah, to see], a sight, the appearance of something, is tr. ‘ pattern’ in Nu 8* ‘According unto the pattern which the Lord had showed Moses.’ 4. ὁμοίωμα [fr. ὅμοιος, ὁμός, similis, same), something made like some other thing, a or , is in Sir 38% tr. ‘pattern,’ ‘His eyes Took sti upon the pattern of the thing that he maketh,’ Gr. κατέναντι ὁμοιώματος σκεύους. 5. τύπος, which is both the model and ts (see Fiaure, 8 3), is tr. ‘pattern’ in Tit 27( *en- sample’), He 8° (quot. from Ex 25”). The meaning is clearly image, an idea before one in the forma- tion of character (Tit 2’) or of the tabernacle (He 8°), not copy. Cf. Hall, Works, ii. 148, ‘There must be much caution used in our imitation of the best patternes, (whether in respect of the persons or things ;) else we shall make our selves apes, and our acts sinful absurdities.’ 6, ὑποτύπωσις in 1 Ti 18, AV ‘pattern,’ RV ‘ensample,’ but in 2 Ti 1} (its only other occurrence) AV ‘form,’ RV ‘ pattern.’ It is an outline or sketch under one’s eye. 7. ὑπό- δειγμα, like τύπος, is used for both the model and the copy, and in the only place where it is ren- dered ‘ pattern,’ He 9 (as well as in 8°, where it is tr. ‘example,’ RV ‘copy’), the meaning is clearly copy or representation: He 9* ‘It was therefore necessary that the patterns (RV ‘ copies’) of things in the heavens should be purified with these but the heavenly things themselves with better sacrifices than these.’ But in 1611 this tr. was uite legitimate, as ‘pattern’ then was used for th the exemplar and its copy. Trench (On AV of NT, p. 1181) denies this; but there are unmis- takable examples in Shaks. as well as elsewhere. Thus J Henry VI. Vv. v. 65— ‘For what is wedlock forced but a hell, An age of discord and continual strife? Whereas the contrary ee bliss, And is a pattern of celestial peace.’ So Othello, v. ii. 11— ‘Thou cunning’st pattern of excelling nature.’