See also Henry V. τι. iv. 61, Lucrece 1350, Lover's Complaint, 170; and cf. Book of Homilies (1573), “where most rebellions and rebels be, there is the express similitude of hell ; and the rebels themselves are the very figures of fiends and devils, and their captain the ungracious pattern of Lucifer and Satan, the prince of darkness.’ J. 68.
PAU.—See PAI.
PAUL THE APOSTLE.—
L THE LIFE. 1. ΒΙΗΤΗ anv TRAINING:
Autobiographical Notes; Personal Names; Jewish nature, Greek environment, Roman citizenship-- influence of Tarsus, of Jerusalem and Gamaliel.
8. ΙΡΙΟΒΥΝΟΒΑΒΥ :
Mental gifts, Physical constitution, Emotional tem-
perament ; the χαρίσματα ; the σχόλοψ τῇ capxi. 8. CONVERSION :
The Root of Paul’s Doctrine; Narratives of the Acta; Allusions of the Epp. ; Internal antecedents; Ac- tual Appearance of Jesus ; Sequel of the Conversion.
4 Missionary Oareer,—dating from Conversion; the
Vision in Jerusalem :
(a) τε Period, of Apprenticeship: Tarsus and ilicia,
(Ὁ) Second Period, of Co-operation with Barnabas
and First Missionary Tour: Syrian Antioch, Relief of Famine in Judwa; Oyprus (Sergius Paulus, Elymas), Behaviour John Mark;
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PAUL THE APOSTLE
8. Galatian cities (Speeches at Pisidian Antioch and Lystra); ‘Door of Faith opened to the Gentiles,’ Growing Ascendency of Paul; Coun-
cil at Jerusalem.
(2) Third Period, of Established Leadership ; Second Missionary Pesky Boas ano Υ; ἘΠΕ Phrygian and Gala’ untry’; Meeting with Luke and crossing to Macedonia Werk at Philippi, Thessalonica, Berwa; Preaching at Athens; Founding of Corinthian Church;
@® Fourth Period, ve udatette Cont Third roversy ;
Missionary Tour: Collision with Peter at An-
tioch ; Anti-Pauline cam, n of the Legalists ;
Journey to and Mission in Ephesus ; Communi-
cations with Corinth—the two Epp. ; the Col-
lection for Jerusalem ; Severe Illness ; Journey
in Macedonia ; to Galatians and Romans; eo at Corinth; Reception at Jerusalem. ifth Period, ᾿ς isonment in Caesarea and
© > τὸ Sori Assault of the Jews in the Temple;
Apprehension and Trials of Paul; Ap to
Ceasar; Voyage to Rome; Probable Acquittal
and Release; Epistles of the First Captivity ;
(p) Stath Oe Last Journeyi Renewed > 4, Imprisonment, and Martyrdom Data for this Period ; Revisitation of old Churches ; Novae to n; Movements indicated in 1 and 2 and Titus; ‘ter of Pastoral Epistles; Tra- dition of Paul’s Death. Δ. OnRONOLOGY:
Fixed Datum of Ac 12; Gal 21, and Ac 11. 12 or 15; Year of Paul’s Conversion; Year of Voyage to Jerusalem (Ac 20); Space for the Last Period; Harnack’s Chronological Scheme.
THE DOCTRINE. INTRODUCTION :
Nature of Paul’s Writings; Modern Analyses—Baur, Holtzmann, Pfleiderer, The Dutch School, Reuss and A. Sabatier, Beyschlag, A. B. Bruce, Somer- ville, G. B. Stevens; OT Antecedents and Starting-
point. 1. Doorrixe or Gop:
(a) The Fatherhood of God: Basis of Paulinism in the Teaching of Jesus ; Supremacy of Grace.
(6) The Righteousness of God : its relations to Father- hood and Grace.
ῶ The Anger of God,
d) i se! of God: Double sense of the term in
8 Doctrine or Man: (a) The Constitution of Mankind: The Image of ; Solidarity of the Race; Man and Woman.
@) Spirit and Flesh: General and Specific Sense ; Flesh and Sin; Heredity of Sin; the First and Second Man.
‘c) Sin and Death. a of the Race: the Two ; the Heathen World; the Discipline of Israel; the Fulness of the Times. 8. Doorrixe or Curist AND oF SALVATION :
(a) The Person of Christ: Recognized in Paul’s Con- version; God’s ‘Own Son’; ‘the Lord’; Pre- existence of Christ; Christ and the Human Race ; Christ and the Ourse of Sin.
(Ὁ) The Death of the Cross: central to Paul's teaching ; representative, justifying, propitiatory, recon-
ing, sanctifying; Juristic and Ethical The- C)
ries. (c) The New Life of Faith ; Nature and Implications of Faith; the Resurrection of Christ and the Unio Mystica; Filial Adoption. & Docrame or THe Hoty ΒΡΙΕΙΤῚ (a) God Immanent: the Teaching of Jesus and of Paul ; the Spirit in the Heart. (Ὁ) The Spirit Man: Progressive Sanctification ; Holiness and the Ethical Life. τὴ The Communion of the Spirit. ') The Earnest ¥ the Inheritance, & Docraims or Tax Cucrcn: (a) The ae! Ke Seether Expansion of Paul's Idea of the Ecc! ; the Church no temporal Institute. (b) The Brotherhood: Love, and the Works of Faith. (c) The Charismata: Edification, Church-meetings, and Administration. : relative to
(α) —- and the Lord's Su icture-signs, and
rist, and to the Church; Covenant-signs.
@ Church Organization: Development within the Epistles; Charismatic and Clerical, Missionary and Local Ministries; the Apostolate; no * Model’ of Church-government.
@ Docrrins ΟΥ̓ Tum Kixopom or Gop:
Based on the Jewish conception, as spiritualized outlook. Election and Fore-
Ὁ) The Bi ek ‘of God: Bal Evil Spirits; th nem: ὃ ; 9 Kingdom of Darkness ; the Final Struggle.
PAUL THE APOSTLE 697
(c) The Consummation : («) The Moral Perfection of Christians ; (¢) The Resurrection of the Body; y) The Intermediate State; (ὃ Joming of the Lord Jesus—the Human History. _ i THE Lire or St. Paut.—l. Birth and Train- ing. ‘Tam a Jewish man, a Tarsian of Cilicia, a citizen of no mean city (Ac 21")... brought ἃ at the feet of Gamaliel in this city [Jerusalem], trained in the strict way of the law of our fathers, full from the first (ὑπάρχων) of zeal for God’ (22°); ‘Whom I serve from my forefathers in a pure con- science’ (2 Ti 15); ‘Circumcised on the eighth day, of the stock of Israel, the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew sprung from Hebrews, in respect of the law a Pharisee, in respect of zeal a persecutor of the Church, in respect of legal righteousness showing myself blameless’ (Ph 3°*, 2 Co 11”, Ro 41 9 11 Ac 23°); ‘I made proficiency in Judaism beyon many of my contemporaries, being more extreme than they in zeal for my ancestral traditions’ (Gal 14, Ac 2055); at the same time, a ‘Roman’ and so ‘born’ (Ac 22-8, 105). Thus much we learn from St. Paul about himself. (On the genuine- ness of the speeches see art. ACTS OF APOSTLES]. Jerome (de Vir. Jllustr. 5; ad Philem. 23), who knew Palestine, has a tradition that St. Paul was born at Gischala in Galilee, ‘quo a Romanis capto cum parentibus suis Tarsum ποῖ commigravit’ ; Krenkel (Beitrage z. Aufhellung d. Geschichte u. d. Briefe d. a P. § 1) prefers this story to the statement of Paul’s Tarsian origin in the Acts, insisting that a ‘Hebrew sprung from Hebrews’ signifies one born in Palestine. The above con- dition was fulfilled, however, if St. Paul’s family retained the native traditions; and Jerome’s tale, besides its gross anachronism, is too late and iso- lated to weigh against that of St. Luke. A modi- cum of truth there may be in it: Gischala may have been the old domicile of the family (tradi- tion is tenacious on this point), which in any case had emigrated not many generations before Paul's birth, for it was still ‘Hebrew’ in home-speech and spirit. Hence Saul is sent in his boyhood for education to Jerusalem; in later years he had a ‘sister’s son’ residing there (Ac 23'*™). The Cilician Jews kept up a close connexion with the mother city, where they appear to have had a synagogue of their own (Ac 6°); they distinguished themselves by patriotic are in the siege of Jerusalem. The wealth of Paul’s father we may fairly infer from the education given him (see Ramsay, St. Paul the Traveller, etc., pp. 31, 310, 312); his occupation as a tent-maker is no dis- proof of this, for well-to-do Jews wisely taught their sons some handicraft. His mother’s piet is implied in Gal 14; comp. the sympathetic allusions of 2 Ti 1° 315,