The noun for ' praise ' from the root 77n is njrip (once "j^c?, Pr 2"-' ' the fining pot is for silver and the furnace for gold, and a man [is to be estimated] according to his praise,' where ■•'?N"5 '2^ probably means 'according to his reputation' [so Toy et al., cf. LXX avy]p Bi oo^'fjudj'erai otd aTofjiCLTOS eyKw^ia^dvrwf airrov ; see Oxf. Hcb. Lex. for other possible ex- planations]). The word .i^-^p is used (1) of /M'rtfse offered to J", sometimes individual, but more fre- quently general and public : Ps 34' 48'" (both oiVeffis) 65^ ('unto Thee stillness is praise [tdt 'h n^nri], O God, in Zion,' but text and tr. are both doubtful ; LXX 2oi irpiirei vfipoi, ' praise is a fitting tribute to thee' ; see Comm. ad loc, and Driver, Par. Psalter), 71° (ifirqan), ' (aiVems), lOO' (vfifoi.) ; particularly of praise as sung : Ps 22' ('O Thou that sittest [throned] upon the praises of Israel,' an imitation of D'5-.n;n 2fv, the idea perhajis being that the praises, ascending like clouds of incense, form, as it were, the throne upon which J" sits [so Kirkpatrick et al., but see Duhm ad loc, and cf. the LXX <r(> 5^ ^v ayioLi KaroiKeU, 6 ^^ratfos 'ItrpaTjX]), 33' (aiVffis), 40' (O/xpos), 106'= Neh 12-"' (both aiceo-is), Is 42'° (5o|dffTe t6 ofofia aiiToO). (2) The word n^nn is used for a song of praise in the title of Ps i45 (atVcffis) ; cf. the New lleb. name for the Book of Psalms, niVriB ije or D'i>nn 'o, or ['^-b. (3) It is used of qualities, deeds, etc., of X' which demand praise : Ex 15" niVnn tt-ni ' terrible in praises' (i.e. in attri- butes that call for praise; LXX Oav/iaaris iv oujais), cf. Ps 9" (' that I may show forth all Thy praise '), 78* (' telling the praises of the Lord '), 79'"' (' we will show forth Thy praise'), 102-' ('that men may de- clare His praise in Jerusalem'), 106- ('who can show forth all His praise?'), v."= 1 Ch 16" ('to triumph in Thy jnaise') [in the last six passages LXX oii/effis]. Is 43-' ('this people shall show forth My praise,' LX.X ipa-al), 60' (' they shall proclaim the praises of the Lord,' LXX t6 <ruTi)ptov Kvpiov eOayy€\ioOvTai), 63' ('I will make mention of the praises of the Lord,' LXX apirai). (4) .T~.-i^ may = renoton. fame, glory, or the object of these: (a) of J": liab,3' ' the earth was full of His praise ' (mS'iri i'-iN.T ^k''!:, LXX aivia-eui avToO irX-fip-qs ri yij) 1| ' His glorj' covered the heavens' (Wn c^^v .i j, LXX iKd\v\pep ovpavoiis i)
dpfTT) oi/ToC), cf. Dt 10-' ' He is thy praise,' Jer 17" ' Thou art my praise' (both Kavxv/M) ; (6) of other objects: Israel or Jerusalem, Dt 26''-' (koi/xi/mi). Is 62' (OA ayavpia/ia, Theod. Kauxrma), cf. 60'" (' thou shalt call thy walls Salvation and thy gates Praise,' i.e. probably ' thy fame or renown shall take the place of protecting walls' ; LXX /tXi)fl>iireTai -urr/pior rd reixv "O", ''O' "' TiiXai aov r\vfi./ia), and 61" (d7a\- Xia.ua); Moab, Jer48[Gr. 31]^(d7oi'pia;aa); Damascus, 49" [Gr. SO"], LXX follows a dillercut reading, Babylon, 51 [Gr. 28] " (raiJxw")- Is 61' ' tlie gar- ment of praise' (■i^7in •%:;',?) is doubtful. It may = 'praise (renown) as a garment ' (Del it zsch) or ' a splendid garment' (Dillmann), but perhaps the clauses should, with Bickell, Cliej'ne, Oort, Duhm, be arranged thus : nrn .^^^n '?ax .tj;j^3 n-g p^y ]--^r nri3 nn ' oU of joy for the garment of mournin", a song of praise for a failing spirit.' The LXX lias So^av dvTL airooou, &\ifjLjj.a eu^poai'VTjs Toii Trevdouaif KaTacTTo\T]v do^rj? dvTi wpeufiaTos dKtjoiai.
In Lv 19-' the fruit of trees ofTered in the fourth }-ear of their bearing is ni.T'? c'^i>'.7 dy (lit. ' holiness of praise to J",' LXX 07105 oiVerds rifj Kvpiu), cf. Jg 9-'' [the only other occurrence of the Heb. word], where the Shechemites hold a vintage rejoicing or merry-making (c^iV.i ir;::, LXX B 4Tro'n)(jav cWovXeifi, A ^, x^P°'^^) ^ ^^'^ house of Baal-berith.
2. The root m' whose primary sense is ' throw or cast.' The only occurrence of the Qal is in Jer 50 [Gr. 27] " ' shoot at her ' (Babylon ; n'^x n;, LXX Tofeuiraj-e iir' avTr/f), but perhaps we should read here n;. This sense is borne also by the Piel in the only two passages where this stem occurs, namely. La 3" ('? I^xii:! ' and they cast stone(s) at me,' LXX Kal iiviBriKav Xidop iv' i/iot) and Zee 2' [Eng. P'] (n:ijn nij-iirnx n'n;^, LXX, by confusion with the Heb. word for ' hands,' reads e/s x^'P"-^ avTuip rd Tiffuapa. Kipara). All the other occurrences of the root show the Hiphil and Hitlipael (the latter only in P, the Chronicler, and Daniel) stems, which have the sense of ' praise ' or ' con- fess,' a sense which it is somewhat dithcult to connect with the jirimary signiiication, although it has been suggested that the connecting link may be found in gestures accompanying the act of praise.
The Hiph. ni'in (cf. Palmyrene niio ' render thanks,' frequent in votive inscriptions) is used occasionally of praising men : Gn 49* of Judah [with play upon name, ' Judnh, thee shall thy brethren praise ' (jodiikha), LXX alve7v'\ ; Ps 45" of the king (AV 'praise,' RV 'give thanks'); 49'« 'men praise thee when thou doest well to thyself (both i^op.o\oyt'ia9ai.) ; Job 40" of Job, spoken ironicallj- by tlie Almiglity (LXX b)io\oyeiv, AV and RV 'confess'). This sense of 'confess' is borne by the Heb. word also in IK 8''-" = 2Ch 6" (all i^opLoXoyuv), ^ (aivdv), Ps 325 [iiayopeviiv), Pr 28" (e^rjyeiirBai.) ; cf. [in Hithp.] Ezr 10' (irpoaayopdtiv), Neh 1« 9--» (all ^{o7op€t;ei>'), Dn 9* (LXX. and Theod. iioij.o\oyeta9ai) '" (LXX i^onoXoyeiffSai, Theod. eiayop- eiiiv), Lv 5» 16=' 26", Nu 5' (all iia.yop(vay).—Much more frequently the object of praise is God : Gn 29='' where J explains the name Judah (which he takes as=' praised,' as if from Hoph. of nr) by the saying he puts in the mouth of Leah, ' this time will I praise (Heb. '6dch) the LORD' (;fo^oXo7T;iro|iai Ku/jiifj) ; very frequently, especially in Ps and Ch, of praise ofl'ered in the ritual worship, the object being Jaliweh explicitly or implicitly : e.g. Is 12' (eiXoyf'if), * (vjivuf), 38'"'(o;i'er>', (vXtrfelv), Jer 33 [Gr. 40] ", Ps 7" 9' 30'- " 32»- " (all i^o^dKoyeiaeai). Ps 76'° ' surely the wrath of man shall praise Thee, the residue of wrath shalt Thou giro upon Thee ' (AV and RVm ' restrain ') is doubtful. The MT reads -linri n::n n-ixf T\-nn din njq '?, LXX 5ri ivBiiiuon duOpwTTOv i^OfioXoyriaeTal <roi, Kal iyKariXifi/UL Mv/dou