Two nouns (besides T!;ip) from the root -ci are found in the OT. — (1) .t;"', which is used of instru- mental music in Am 5-', where ' the melody of thy harps' (1'^?^ n-iai, \f/a\pt.bti ipiyivav aov) is |1 ' the noise of thy songs' (^"JS' [toq, iixo" vSwy aov); but of singing m Is 5P (.tjP! ^ip) .Tiin, ^^o/ioXiyTiini' nal (puifijv aWirtus), and prob. in Ps 81' (.i-i^nN;. ' take up the nieloily,' Xd/itTf ipaXnif) and 98° (.ti?! Sip ' the voice of melody,' ^ui.j \pa\fi.oO). In both the last instances, however, there is, in any case, an instrumental accompaniment implied. — Like •^^-l? and .Tii.-i (see above), .iio' is used also for the subject of song: Ex 15-, Is 12-', Ps 118'* .t (On-jvn rj 'Jahweli is my strength and my [theme of] melody.' It may be noted that while MT is ex- actly the same in all three iias.sages, LXX re.ads in Exodus [d KiJpior] ^orjOis Kal uKfiraaTrit, in Lsaiah i) Siija iwv Kal i) atixaU ptov Ki'.pios, in Psalms iaxvs uo»
• Its relation, if any, to noi Qal = 'lrim or pnine* fa ohsciirt (see Ilupfold, I*mlmrn, toe. cit. tntpra, footnote). It is micer' t..iin wtiether in Oft 2'2 T:;in n;' means * Mio tinic of tlie sin^rinfl (of hinis)' or 'the time of tlie iiriiniiii; (of vines).' Tlie LXX {xaipot tr,t i«f*y,t) an'i other versions InUe the latter view.
36
PRAISE IN OT
PRAISE IN OT
ica! iiivrialf nou o Ki'^pios. — (2) A by-forni of the same woril is TTj. Its occurrences are : 2 S 23' [in tlie epitliet applied to David Vn-;;-; nn-:i c-y}, AV and KV 'the sweet j)salmist of Israel,' RVm 'pleasant in the psalms ot Israel ' ; on tlie construction see Driver on 2 S 8". H. P. Smith, who renders 'the Joy of tlie songs of Israel ' (cf. Clieyne, OP 22, 'tlie dailing of Israel's songs'), thinks the trans- lation 'the sweet singer of Israel' can hardly be obtained from the Heb. expression. The LXX has evTrpeireU \pa\iiol 'lapajJX] ; Job Ho'" [' none saith, Where is God my MaUcr, who giveth songs in the night'?, i.e. perliaps (Dillni., Oav. ; ditierently Dulim), who by sudden a<ts of deliverance ^ves occasion for songs of triumph in the midst ot the night of trial ; LXX, reading or interpreting dilt'crently, i KaraTdatruv (pt'XaKas vvKrepivdi] ; Is 24'^ ['from the uttermost parts of the earth liave we heard songs (LXX repara), Glory to the righteous '] ; Is 25' [' the melody of the terrible ones' {z'vtit TP!) II 'the noise of strangers' (c-ii pxi' ; both wanting in LXX), i.e. their hostile song of triumph, ' shall be brought low']; Ps 93- ['let us shout unto Him with melodies ' (i'? .%"i; nnpp ; LXX if i/'aXjuois dXaXa^u/j.ci' aOri^) || 'let US come to meet His face with thanksgiving' {.Tjina v;2 """BJ ; LXX tt/jo- ^$d(Tuj/j.ef Td Trpj(7(jj7rov aOroO iv ^^oaoXoyiJirei)] j 119^ ''Thy statutes have been (the subject of) melodies to me' (^'ijT 'STn niipi ; LXX ^a.\rd Jiaav /lot rd 5(Ka(u.uard (70i')J.
A V and KV usually render the verb tsi by ' sing praises.' For the nouns mpi and t?; they give 'song,' except in Is 51^ Am 5^ where both have 'melody,' Ps 8P 95'-' where both have ' psalm,' and Ps 98= wliere RV has 'melody' and AV 'psalm' (for 2 S 23' see above). Driver (Par. Pxalter) con- sistently renders the verb throughout the Psalms by 'make melody,' and the nouns by 'melody,' and probabl}- no closer equivalents in English could be found for the Hebrew terms.
S. n^E* in Piel and Hithp. only ; a late word, con- 6ned to Psalms (4 t.) and Ecclesia.stes (once). Its Aram, form is found in Daniel (see below). It is doubtful whether it should be connected -with nid (Piel and Hiphil) = 'to still or calm' (in Pr 29" of anger, in Ps 65' 89'° of the sea). Gesenius would find the connecting link in the notion of strobing or smoothing, hence 'to soothe with praises' (cr. the expression used of prayer, 's 'jS'nN n^n 'to make tlie face of any one sweet or pleasant'). Its occurrences are : Ps 63* [' my lips shall praise Thee' (LXX ircuveli,) || 'I will bless Thee' (^:i;!<) and 'I will lift up my hands' (-oj ksx)] 117' (s alixif, A iirai.ve?!') 147'- {alfCiy ; both || i'rn) 145* (B ^TToiyti;', A* oiVtii/ ; II T:n), Ec 4- {iiraii/eii/ ; ' I praised the dead which are alreatiy dead'), Dn 2-^ (aiyeif ; II min, of Daniel praising God when the secret of Nebuchadnezzar's dream had been revealed to him) 4"" {aiveTv ; in v.** || Ti3 'bless' and -nn 'lionour'; in v." || con 'extol' and in.T ; of Nebu- chadnezzar praising God after the restoration of his rea.>,on) 5*-" (Theod. in both aiVe?!-, so LXX in v.*", but in v.« eu\oye:i/; of Belshazzar and his guests praising the gods of gold and silver, etc.).— The Ilillip. = ' make the subject of praise or boast' occurs in Ps 1U6-" = 1 Ch IG" (^n^^i? i^sp^ri) 'that we may make our boast of Thy praise ' ; LXX in Psalms toO ivKavxisBai i» rp aiv(au aov, in 1 Chronicles k-ai Kavx'i<'OM iv rait alviaealv aov).
The verb nzv in Piel is everj-where rendered in AV 'praise,' and so in RV except in Ps 117' [but not, inconsistently enough, 14<'-] 145', where we have 'laud.' This last term, which is that em- ployed in Driver's Par. Psiiller, might, with advantage, be adopted uniformly, at least in the Psalms, where there are so many words that re- ceive in the English versions tlie one rendering 'praise.' See art. Laud.